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专四语法考点串讲之四形容词、副词及比较平行结构一、形容词后置情况总结:(1)修饰不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything等时,例:Thereissomethingdifficultinthisbook.(2)形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语的时候。例:Thisisastudentworthofpraise.(3)用and或or连接两个形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之后,起强调修饰的作用。例:Theywillturntheirmotherlandintoacountry,beautifulandmodern.(4)形容词同表达数量的词组连用时亦放在后面。例:Thepipeistwelvefeetlong.二、感慨副词what、how之间的区别:what修饰名词或名词短语,how修饰副词或形容词。如:56.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?(2023)A.Howstrangefeelingstheyare!B.Howdareyouspeaktomelikethat!C.Whatnoisetheyaremaking!D.Whatamesswearein!三、同根副词辨析:1)hard努力地hardly几乎2)late晚,迟lately近来3)most极,非常mostly重要地4)wide广阔地widely广泛地5)deep深,迟deeply抽象意义上的“深”6)near邻近nearly几乎7)express用快递方式expressly清楚地,明白地8)just恰好,正是justly正义、公正地……具体阅读课本(P276-280)并做P280-281练习题24B。四、比较等级的常见句型:(1)as+原级+as(as+原级+a/an+单数可数名词+as),其否认形式为notas/so+原级+as(2)比较级+than+比较对象(less+原级+比较对象)(3)比较级+and+比较级或moreandmore+原级(4)the+比较级…,the+比较级…(5)the+比较级+ofthetwo(6)the+最高级(+单数可数名词)+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词(7)beoneof/among+the+最高级+复数名词(8)thelast+原级(+单数可数名词)+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词五、比较等级的修饰语:(1)修饰原级:fairly,quite,rather,so,very,too等。(2)修饰比较级:much,even,far,rather,still,any,no(而不用very,quite,fairly,Greatly),abit,alittle,ahead,agreatdeal.alot,byfar等。六、假如复数名词前有many、few,不可数名词前有much、little等表达量的形容词时,该用so而不用such;注意:little不表达数量而表达“小”的意思时,仍用such。七、almost与nearly的用法区别:在very,pretty,not后用nearly,不用almost。在any,no,none,never前用almost,不用nearly。Eg.I’mnotnearlyready.Ialmostneverseeher.八、特殊结构:1.AistoBwhat/asXisY;如:53.Nineistothree_____threeistoone.(2023)
A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what2.A+V.+倍数或分数as+adj./adv.+as+B.A+V.+倍数或分数+名词ofB如:55.Anewlaptopcostsabout_____ofasecond-handone.(2023)A.thepriceofthreetimesB.threetimesthepriceC.asmuchasthethreetimespriceD.threetimesmorethantheprice64.Thesquareitselfisfivehundredyardswide,fivetimes____thesizeofSt.Peter’sinRome.(2023)A./B.thatofC.whichisD.of3.major,minor,inferior,superior,senior,junior,prior+to表达比较;九、As的用法、比较级的用法及隐含比较级as的用法:1.原级比较一般结构as…as;notas…as;thesame…as;Eg:Theworkisnotasdifficultasyouthink.Lastyear,landvaluesinmostpartsofthepinelandsrosealmostasfastasthoseoutsidethepinelands.2.as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。as可引导非限制性从句,常带有‘正如’。
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone‘shealth.ﻫAsisknown,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。3.尽管,虽说(引起让步状语从句)Eg.Intelligentasshewas,shehadnotmuchinsight.尽管她很聪明,但她没眼力。4.Asmuchas达成(和)……(同样)的限度5.as(so)faras就……而论,据……(引导方式状语从句)6.Soasto为的是,以便7.Suchasto以致53.Hisremarkswere________annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.(2023)ﻫA.soasto
B.suchasto
C.suchto
D.asmuchasto8.as(so)longas只要(=onlyif引导条件状语从句)9.assoonas一…就(引导时间状语从句)10.aswell(as)也,以及,还;和;不仅(连接并列成分或从句)11.nosuch…as没有这样一个…60.Landbelongstothecity;thereisthingasprivateownershipofland.(2023)A)nosuchaB)notsuchC)notsuchaD)nosuch12.asmuchof…as正如…同样64.Itwaswehadhoped.(2023)A)moreasuccessthanB)asuccessmorethanC)asmuchofasuccessasD)asuccessasmuchas13.somuchas用在否认句中:与其说,不如说41.Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.butIwasn’tbotheredbyhisloudnesshislackoftalent.(2023)A.somuchasB.ratherthanC.asDthan55.Itisnotsomuchthelanguagetheculturalbackgroundthatmakesthefilmdifficulttounderstand.(2023,2023.57,2023.57,1999.45)A.butB.norC.likeD.as比较级的用法:1.morethan用法和意义较多,单独使用时其含义有:“不仅是,非常,十分”等。more…than其含义可以是:“与其说……不如说,不是……而是”2.nomorethanVS.notmorethana.Hehasnomorethanfivedollarsonhim.他身上仅有5美元。(强调少)b.Hehasnotmorethanfivedollarsonhim.他身上带的钱不超过5美元。(客观陈述,数额少于5美元)3.nomore…thanVS.notmore…thana.Heisnomorediligentthanyou.他不勤奋,你也不勤奋。(两人都不勤奋,具有悲观否认的意思)b.Heisnotmorediligentthanyou.他没有像你那样勤奋。(两人都勤奋,但你更勤奋,具有积极、肯定的意思,表达限度上的差异)62.Overpopulationposesaterriblethreattothehumanrace.Yetitisprobably________athreattothehumanracethanenvironmentaldestruction.(2023)
A.nomore
B.notmore
C.evenmore
D.muchmore4.nolessthan=asmuchas意为:“竟有…之多,多达”,强调多notlessthan意为“不少于,至少”,客观地描述noless…than前后均为肯定,具有惊奇的感情色彩。可译为:“正是...,和…同样,多达,竟有…之多”比较:a.Hissonhasreadnolessthan50Englishbooks.他的儿子居然读了50本英文书。(强调多)b.Hissonhasreadnotlessthan50Englishbooks.他的儿子读了不少于50本英文书。(客观陈述,不强调多或少)5.hardlymorethan用来表达“仅仅”。Eg.Thelittlemanwashardlymorethanonemeterfiftyhigh.这个小个子男人仅有1.5米高.6.在more…than结构中,than有时可看作关系代词,相称于thanwhat…Eg.Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheriskofgettingcancerthanexistsinthepublicmindtoday.(Than=thanwhat…)人们不应当像今天这样紧张胆怯患上癌症61.Theresearchrequiresmoremoneythan________.(2023)
A.havebeenputin
B.hasbeenputin
C.beingputin
D.tobeputin7.nootherthan只有,正是。它常用来加强语气,多用于书面语。Eg.Themurdererturnedouttobenootherpersonthantheinspectorhimself.结果是,那个杀人犯不是别人,正是巡官自己。8.nobetterthan和……同样,事实上等于(practicallythesameas)Eg.Amanwhocannotreadandwriteisnobetterthantheblind.不识字的人跟瞎子没有两样。9.Nosoonerthan:60.Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation_____thecoachleft.(2023)A.whenB.asC.untilD.than10.most大多数的意思;mostof某个范围中的大多数。11.better…than与其说……倒不如说。Eg.Certainprogramsworkbetterforsomethanforothers.某些项目对有些人来说效果不错对其别人来说则不然。12.morelikely…than比较结构Eg.Therearefewelectronicapplicationsmorelikelytoraisefearsregardingfuture很少有电子应用软件可以像机器人那样引起人们对未来就业机会的担忧。13.otherthan意思是:不同于,除……之外;ratherthan意思是:而不是。隐含比较级:inferior,superior,senior,junior,prior+to1)priorto较早的,较重要的Thetaskispriortoallothers.这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。2)superiorto优越,高于InmathhefeltsuperiortoJohn.他觉得自己数学比约翰强。3)inferiorto下等的,次的4)seniorto年长的,地位高的;junior年幼的,地位低的,迟的Heistwoyearsseniortome.他比我大两岁。5)preferableto更好的Healthwithoutrichesispreferabletoricheswithouthealth.贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。6)prefer…to更倾向于…preferdoingsthtodoingsthprefertodoratherthando真题总汇(1994-2023)52.Maryishardworkingthanhersister,butshefailedintheexam.(2023)A.nosoB.nomoreC.notlessD.noless55.Itisnotsomuchthelanguagetheculturalbackgroundthatmakesthefilmdifficulttounderstand.(2023)A.butB.norC.likeD.as62.
Which
of
the
following
italicized
parts
modifies
an
adverb?
(2023)A.
I
rather
like
my
teacher.
B.
That
was
a
very
funny
film.
C.
Do
it
right
now.
D.
We
walked
about
6
miles.
56.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?(2023)A.Howstrangefeelingstheyare!B.Howdareyouspeaktomelikethat!C.Whatnoisetheyaremaking!D.Whatamesswearein!56.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedphrasesisINCORRECT?(2023)A.Thecityisnowtentimesitsoriginalsize.B.IwishIhadtwotimeshisstrength.C.Theselleraskedfordoubletheusualprice.D.Theycomeherefourtimeseveryyear.57.Itisnotsomuchthelanguage theculturalbackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.(2023)A.asB.norC.butD.like53.Hefeelsthatheisnotyet____totravelabroad.(2023)A.toostrongB.enoughstrongC.sostrongD.strongenough64.WhichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeusedtocomplete"We'veseenthefilm____"?(2023)A.beforeB.recentlyC.latelyD.yet55.Anewlaptopcostsabout_____ofasecond-handone.(2023)A.thepriceofthreetimesB.threetimesthepriceC.asmuchasthethreetimespriceD.threetimesmorethantheprice60.Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation_____thecoachleft.(2023)A.whenB.asC.untilD.than63.WhichofthefollowingadverbscanNOTbeusedtocomplete"_____everybodycame"?(2023)A.NearlyB.QuiteC.PracticallyD.Almost53.Nineistothree_____threeistoone.(2023)A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what59.Whatdoes"Hewiselyrefusedtospendhismoney"mean?(2023)ﻫA.Itwaswiseofhimtorefusetospendhismoney.ﻫB.Herefusedtospendhismoneyinawisemanner.ﻫC.Hewasshortofmoneyanddidn'twanttobuyanything.ﻫD.Herefused,inawisemanner,tospendhismoney.60.Theystoodchattingtogetheraseasilyandnaturallyas____.(2023)
A.itcouldbeB.couldbeC.itwasD.was64.Thesquareitselfisfivehundredyardswide,fivetimes____thesizeofSt.Peter'sinRome.(2023)ﻫA./B.thatofC.whichisD.of51.Thereareasgoodfishinthesea_____evercameoutofit.2023
A.thanB.like
C.as
D.so57.Itisnot______muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.(2023)ﻫ
A.that
B.as
C.so
D.very61.Theresearchrequiresmoremoneythan________.(2023)ﻫ
A.havebeenputin
B.hasbeenputin
C.beingputin
D.tobeputin62.Overpopulationposesaterriblethreattothehumanrace.Yetitisprobably________athreattothehumanracethanenviromentaldestruction.(2023)
A.nomore
B.notmore
C.evenmore
D.muchmore58.Susanisveryhardworking,butherpayisnotforherwork.(2023)A.enoughgoodB.goodenoughC.asgoodenoughD.goodasenough60.Landbelongstothecity;thereisthingasprivateownershipofland.(2023)A.nosuchaB.notsuchC.notsuchaD.nosuch61.Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalkfar.(2023)A./B.suchC.thatD.as53.Hisremarkswere________annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.(2023)A.soasto
B.suchasto
C.suchto
D.asmuchasto59.DoyouknowTim’sbrother?Heis_________thanTim.2023A.muchmoresportsman
B.moreofasportsmanC.moreofsportsman
D.moreasportsman
补充材料:1)Simile:aspoorasachurchmouseasblindasabatasbraveasalionasfierceasatigerasgayasalarkasfreeasaiasdeafasapostasdarkaspitchasgreedyasapigasrichasaJewassafeastheBankasstrongasahorseastallasachurchsteepleaswetasafishaswiseasSolomonastimidasarabbitasgoodasgoldasfirm/steadyasarockasfatasapigasdifferentasblackandwhiteascoldasiceasclearascrystalashotasfireasbusyasabeeaslightasafeatheraslikeastwopeasasloudasthunderassick/weakasacatassweetassugarasswiftaslighteningassoftassilkassmoothasglassasuglyasatoadasproudasapeacockasgentleasalambasinnocentasababyasgracefulasaswanascunningasafoxasstupidasdonkey2)Adj.modifyingadj.IcycoldDeaddrunkDeadasleepTightshutRedhotWideopen3)Verb+adjComealiveComecleanFallsilentFallunconsciousGocrazy/madGobarefootGowildRunwildRunlooseBlushredBreakfree/looseComeeasyComelooseFalldueFallshortGobadGoeasyLieawakeWearthin4)SpecialmeaningsofcolorsBlackblackcoffee未加奶的咖啡blacktea红茶ablackletterday晦气的日子blackmarket黑市blackmoney黑钱blackfigure/intheblack赚钱blacklist黑名单blackbox黑匣子blackmark污点blackingratitude忘恩负义blacksheep败家子,害群之马blacksmith
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