1997年考研英语试题及答案

PAGE250 1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionI StructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)1. TheSocialSecurityRetirementProgramismadeupoftwotrustfunds,________couldgopennilessbynextyear.[A]thelargerone[B]thelargerofwhich[C]thelargestone[D]thelargestofwhich2. Nowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingtoitsalways________withotherelements,mostcommonlywithoxygen.[A]combined[B]havingcombined[C]combine[D]beingcombined3. Andrew,myfather’syoungerbrother,willnotbeatthepicnic,________tothefamily’sdisappointment.[A]much[B]more[C]toomuch[D]muchmore4. Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI________fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.[A]were[B]hadbeen[C]havebeen[D]was5. HelpwillcomefromtheUN,buttheaidwillbe________nearwhat’sneeded.[A]everywhere[B]somewhere[C]nowhere[D]anywhere6. Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn’tsomuchariseinbirthrates________afallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.[A]and[B]as[C]but[D]or7. Heclaimstobeanexpertinastronomy,butinactualfactheisquiteignorantonthesubject.________heknowsaboutitisoutofdateandinaccurate.[A]Whatlittle[B]Somuch[C]Howmuch[D]Solittle8. Althoughwefeeldissatisfiedwiththeelectionresults,wehavetobecomereconciled________thedecisionmadebyourfellowcountrymen.[A]for[B]on[C]to[D]in9. Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnewphone________tothesystem,sodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincreasewitheachprogramthatturnsout.[A]adding[B]tohaveadded[C]toadd[D]added10. ThevocabularyandgrammaticaldifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglisharesotrivialandfewashardly________.[A]noticed[B]tobenoticed[C]beingnoticed[D]tonoticePartBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)Example:eq\o(Anumberof,\s\do14(A))foreignvisitorseq\o(weretaken,\s\do14(B))totheindustrialexhibitioneq\o(which,\s\do14(C))theyeq\o(saw,\s\do14(D))manynewproducts.Part[C]iswrong.Thesentenceshouldread,“Anumberofforeignvisitorsweretakentotheindustrialexhibitionwheretheysawmanynewproducts.”Soyoushouldchoose[C].11. AlthoughProfessorGreen’slecturesusuallyraneq\o(over,\s\do14(A))theeq\o(fifty-minute,\s\do14(B))period,eq\o(butnone,\s\do14(C))ofhisstudentseq\o(even,\s\do14(D))objectedastheyfoundhislecturesbothinformativeandinteresting.12. eq\o(When,\s\do14(A))Edisondied,itwasproposedthattheAmericanpeopleeq\o(turnedoff,\s\do14(B))eq\o(allpower,\s\do14(C))intheirhomes,streets,andfactoriesforseveralminuteseq\o(inhonorof,\s\do14(D))thisgreatman.13. Theyeq\o(pointedout,\s\do14(A))thedamageeq\o(which,\s\do14(B))theysupposedeq\o(that,\s\do14(C))hadbeendonebylasteq\o(night’s,\s\do14(D))storm.14. eq\o(Becauseof,\s\do14(A))therecentaccidents,ourparentsforbidmybrotherandmeeq\o(fromswimming,\s\do14(B))intherivereq\o(unless,\s\do14(C))someoneagreeseq\o(towatch,\s\do14(D))overus.15. Aeq\o(greatmany,\s\do14(A))teacherseq\o(firmly,\s\do14(B))believethatEnglishisoneoftheeq\o(poorest-taught,\s\do14(C))subjectsinhighschoolseq\o(atpresent.,\s\do14(D))16. Inthiswaytheseinsectsshowanefficientuseoftheireq\o(sound-produced,\s\do14(A))ability,eq\o(organizing,\s\do14(B))twosoundseq\o(delivered,\s\do14(C))atahighrateasoneeq\o(call.,\s\do14(D))17. Ithoughtthetechnicianwaseq\o(toblame,\s\do14(A))fortheeq\o(blowing,\s\do14(B))ofthefuse,butIseenoweq\o(how,\s\do14(C))Ieq\o(was,\s\do14(D))mistaken.18. Forhimeq\o(tobere-elected,,\s\do14(A))whatisessentialisnotthathispolicyeq\o(works,,\s\do14(B)),eq\o(butthat,\s\do14(C))thepublicbelievethatiteq\o(is.,\s\do14(D))19. eq\o(Asfaras,\s\do14(A))Iamconcerned,hispoliticseq\o(are,\s\do14(B))ratherconservativeeq\o(compared,\s\do14(C))withothereq\o(politicians.,\s\do14(D))20. I’dsaywheneveryoueq\o(aregoing,\s\do14(A))aftersomethingthateq\o(isbelonging,\s\do14(B))toyou,anyonewhoeq\o(isdepriving,\s\do14(C))youoftherighttohaveitiseq\o(criminal.,\s\do14(D))PartCDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(10points)Example:ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound________inthewoodsoffthehighway.[A]vanished[B]scattered[C]abandoned[D]rejectedThesentenceshouldread,“ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundabandonedinthewoodsoffthehighway.”Therefore,youshouldchoose[C].21. Whenworkersareorganizedintradeunions,employersfindithardtolaythem________.[A]off[B]aside[C]out[D]down22. Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured________thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.[A]inlinewith[B]intermsof[C]inregardwith[D]bymeansof23. HehasfailedmesomanytimesthatInolongerplaceany________onwhathepromises.[A]faith[B]belief[C]credit[D]reliance24. Mystudentsfoundthebook________:itprovidedthemwithanabundanceofinformationonthesubject.[A]enlightening[B]confusing[C]distracting[D]amusing25. Nobodyyetknowshowlongandhowseriouslytheshakinessinthefinancialsystemwill________downtheeconomy.[A]put[B]settle[C]drag[D]knock26. Inthisfactorythemachinesarenotregulated________butarejointlycontrolledbyacentralcomputersystem.[A]independently[B]individually[C]irrespectively[D]irregularly27. Everychemicalchangeeitherresultsfromenergybeingusedtoproducethechange,orcausesenergytobe________insomeform.[A]givenoff[B]putout[C]setoff[D]usedup28. Ifbusinessmenaretaxedtoomuch,theywillnolongerbemotivatedtoworkhard,withtheresultthatincomesfromtaxationmightactually________.[A]shrink[B]delay[C]disperse[D]sink29. Americancompaniesareevolvingfrommass-productionmanufacturingto________enterprises.[A]moveable[B]changing[C]flexible[D]varying30. Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whydon’tyouhelpthemto________thesituation?[A]simplify[B]modify[C]verify[D]rectify31. Ican’t________whathashappenedtothevegetables,fortheywerefreshlypickedthismorning.[A]figureout[B]drawout[C]lookout[D]workout32. ItriedveryhardtopersuadehimtojoinourgroupbutImetwithaflat________.[A]disapproval[B]rejection[C]refusal[D]decline33. Fromthismaterialwecan________hundredsofwhatyoumaycalldirectproducts.[A]derive[B]discern[C]diminish[D]displace34. Shehadclearlyno________ofdoinganywork,althoughshewasverywellpaid.[A]tendency[B]ambition[C]intention[D]willingness35. Whatseemsconfusingorfragmentedatfirstmightwellbecome________athirdtime.[A]cleanandmeasurable[B]notableandsystematic[C]pureandwholesome[D]clearandorganic36. Thepublicopinionwasthatthetimewasnot________fortheelectionofsucharadicalcandidateasMr.Jones.[A]reasonable[B]ripe[C]ready[D]practical37. Hudsonsaidhecouldnotkillalivingthingexceptforthe________ofhunger.[A]sensation[B]cause[C]purpose[D]motive38. Forthenewcountrytosurvive,________foritspeopletoenjoyprosperity,neweconomicpolicieswillberequired.[A]tonameafew[B]letalone[C]nottospeak[D]let’ssay39. Foreigndisinvestmentandthe________ofSouthAfricafromworldcapitalmarketsafter1985furtherweakeneditseconomy.[A]displacement[B]elimination[C]exclusion[D]exception40. Whenanumberofpeople________togetherinaconversationalknot,eachindividualexpresseshispositioninthegroupbywherehestands.[A]pad[B]pack[C]squeeze[D]clusterSectionII ClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(10points)ManpowerInc.,with560,000workers,istheworld’slargesttemporaryemploymentagency.Everymorning,itspeopleEQ\X\BO(大41家)intotheofficesandfactoriesofAmerica,seekingaday’sworkforaday’spay.Onedayatatime.EQ\X\BO(大42家)industrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurviveEQ\X\BO(大43家)reducingthenumberofemployees,Manpower,basedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin,isbooming.EQ\X\BO(大44家)itseconomycontinuestorecover,theUSisincreasinglybecominganationofpart-timersandtemporaryworkers.This“EQ\X\BO(大45家)”workforceisthemostimportantEQ\X\BO(大46家)inAmericanbusinesstoday,anditisEQ\X\BO(大47家)changingtherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheirjobs.ThephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremaingloballycompetitiveEQ\X\BO(大48家)avoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdensEQ\X\BO(大49家)byemploymentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.Forworkersitcanmeananendtothesecurity,benefitsandsenseofEQ\X\BO(大50家)thatcamefrombeingaloyalemployee.41. [A]swarm[B]stride[C]separate[D]slip42. [A]For[B]Because[C]As[D]Since43. [A]from[B]in[C]on[D]by44. [A]Eventhough[B]Nowthat[C]Ifonly[D]Providedthat45. [A]durable[B]disposable[C]available[D]transferable46. [A]approach[B]flow[C]fashion[D]trend47. [A]instantly[B]reversely[C]fundamentally[D]sufficiently48. [A]but[B]while[C]and[D]whereas49. [A]imposed[B]restricted[C]illustrated[D]confined50. [A]excitement[B]conviction[C]enthusiasm[D]importanceSectionIII ReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(40points)Text1Itwas3:45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia’sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbytheconvincingvoteof15to10.AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickedup,halfaworldaway,byJohnHofsess,executivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup’son-lineservice,DeathNET.SaysHofsess:“Wepostedbulletinsalldaylong,becauseofcoursethisisn’tjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It’sworldhistory.”Thefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIlllawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingchurches,right-to-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia--whereanagingpopulation,life-extendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart--otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanada,wheretheright-to-diemovementisgatheringstrength,observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling.UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw,anadultpatientcanrequestdeath--probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill--toputanendtosuffering.Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Aftera“coolingoff”periodofsevendays,thepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNickson,a54-year-oldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIlllawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition.“I’mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview,butwhatIwasafraidofwashowI’dgo,becauseI’vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmasks,”hesays.51. Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat________.[A]theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinothercountries[B]physiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewoneuthanasia[C]changingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageofthelaw[D]ittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw’spassage52. Whentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling,hemeans________.[A]observersaretakingawait-and-seeattitudetowardsthefutureofeuthanasia[B]similarbillsarelikelytobepassedintheUS,Canadaandothercountries[C]observersarewaitingtoseetheresultofthegameofdominoes[D]theeffect-takingprocessofthepassedbillmayfinallycometoastop53. WhenLloydNicksondies,hewill________.[A]facehisdeathwithcalmcharacteristicofeuthanasia[B]experiencethesufferingofalungcancerpatient[C]haveanintensefearofterriblesuffering[D]undergoacoolingoffperiodofsevendays54. Theauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiaseemstobethatof________.[A]opposition[B]suspicion[C]approval[D]indifferenceText2AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.“Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner--amazing.”SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignals,assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto“translate”culturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusestheword“friend,”theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.55. Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworld,________.[A]rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheUS[B]small-mindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscomment[C]Canadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighbors[D]mostAmericansarereadytoofferhelp56. Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.[A]cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationship[B]courteousconventionandindividualinterestareinterrelated[C]variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends[D]socialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventions57. Familiesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangers________.[A]toimprovetheirhardlife[B]inviewoftheirlong-distancetravel[C]toaddsomeflavortotheirowndailylife[D]outofacharitableimpulse58. Thetraditionofhospitalitytostrangers________.[A]tendstobesuperficialandartificial[B]isgenerallywellkeptupintheUnitedStates[C]isalwaysunderstoodproperly[D]hassomethingtodowiththebusytouristtrailsText3Technically,anysubstanceotherthanfoodthataltersourbodilyormentalfunctioningisadrug.Manypeoplemistakenlybelievethetermdrugrefersonlytosomesortofmedicineoranillegalchemicaltakenbydrugaddicts.Theydon’trealizethatfamiliarsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccoarealsodrugs.Thisiswhythemoreneutraltermsubstanceisnowusedbymanyphysiciansandpsychologists.Thephrase“substanceabuse”isoftenusedinsteadof“drugabuse”tomakeclearthatsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccocanbejustasharmfullymisusedasheroinandcocaine.Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)ispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.Whendothesesociallyacceptableandapparentlyconstructiveusesofasubstancebecomemisuses?Firstofall,mostsubstancestakeninexcesswillproducenegativeeffectssuchaspoisoningorintenseperceptualdistortions.Repeateduseofasubstancecanalsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstancedependence.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinued.Drugs(substances)thataffectthecentralnervoussystemandalterperception,mood,andbehaviorareknownaspsychoactivesubstances.Psychoactivesubstancesarecommonlygroupedaccordingtowhethertheyarestimulants,depressants,orhallucinogens.Stimulantsinitiallyspeeduporactivatethecentralnervoussystem,whereasdepressantsslowitdown.Hallucinogenshavetheirprimaryeffectonperception,distortingandalteringitinavarietyofwaysincludingproducinghallucinations.Thesearethesubstancesoftencalledpsychedelic(fromtheGreekwordmeaning“mind-manifesting”)becausetheyseemedtoradicallyalterone’sstateofconsciousness.59. “Substanceabuse”(Line5,Paragraph1)ispreferableto“drugabuse”inthat________.[A]substancescanalterourbodilyormentalfunctioningifillegallyused[B]“drugabuse”isonlyrelatedtoalimitednumberofdrugtakers[C]alcoholandtobaccoareasfatalasheroinandcocaine[D]manysubstancesotherthanheroinorcocainecanalsobepoisonous60. Theword“pervasive”(Line1,Paragraph2)mightmean________.[A]widespread[B]overwhelming[C]piercing[D]fashionable61. Physicaldependenceoncertainsubstancesresultsfrom________.[A]uncontrolledconsumptionofthemoverlongperiodsoftime[B]exclusiveuseofthemforsocialpurposes[C]quantitativeapplicationofthemtothetreatmentofdiseases[D]carelessemploymentofthemforunpleasantsymptoms62. Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat________.[A]stimulantsfunctionpositivelyonthemind[B]hallucinogensareinthemselvesharmfultohealth[C]depressantsaretheworsttypeofpsychoactivesubstances[D]thethreetypesofpsychoactivesubstancesarecommonlyusedingroupsText4Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouintendedtoaccomplishwithyourcareers?”SenatorRobertDoleaskedTimeWarnerexecutiveslastweek.“Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverforthelateSteveRossin1992.Onthefinancialfront,Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebt,whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller,Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatinthefaceofanythreats.”Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheannouncedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotallyunlimited,”saysLuce.“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.”63. SenatorRobertDolecriticizedTimeWarnerfor________.[A]itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice[B]itsself-examinationofsoul[C]itsneglectofsocialresponsibility[D]itsemphasisoncreativefreedom64. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?[A]LuceisaspokesmanofTimeWarner.[B]GeraldLevinisliabletocompromise.[C]TimeWarnerisunitedasoneinthefaceofthedebate.[D]SteveRossisnolongeralive.65. Infaceoftherecentattacksonthecompany,thechairman________.[A]stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression[B]softenedhistoneandadoptedsomenewpolicy[C]changedhisattitudeandyieldedtoobjection[D]receivedmoresupportfromthe15-memberboard66. Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe________.[A]ACompanyunderFire[B]ADebateonMoralDecline[C]ALawfulOutletofStreetCulture[D]AFormofCreativeFreedomText5Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas“steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding”or“atouchonthebrakes,”makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain.Andtherearelong,variablelagsbeforepolicychangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy.Hencetheanalogythatlikenstheconductofmonetarypolicytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,acrackedrear-viewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel.Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboastaboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoamere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin30years,beforerisingslightlyto2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongwaybelowthedouble-digitrateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1970sandearly1980s.Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted.Inlate1994thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonthsaidthatAmerica’sinflationratewouldaverage3.5%in1995.Infact,itfellto2.6%inAugust,andisexpectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.EconomistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavorableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates,sinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatbotheconomies,andespeciallyAmerica’s,havelittleproductiveslack.America’scapacityutilization,forexample,hithistoricallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear,anditsjoblessrate(5.6%inAugust)hasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateofunemployment--theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast.Whyhasinflationprovedsomild?Themostthrillingexplanationis,unfortunately,alittledefective.Someeconomistsarguethatpowerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveupendedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthandinflation.67. Fromthepassagewelearnthat________.[A]thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweeninflationandinterestrates[B]economywillalwaysfollowcertainmodels[C]theeconomicsituationisbetterthanexpected[D]economistshadforeseenthepresenteconomicsituation68. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?[A]Makingmonetarypoliciesis