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2023研究生入学统一考试试题(英语一)Section1UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points) In

Cambodia,

the

choice

of

spouse

is

a

complexonefor

the

youngmale.Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,

__1__those

of

the

youngwoman,

butalso

matchmaker.Ayoungmancan__2__alikelyspouseonhisownandthenaskhisparentsto__3__themarriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman’sparentsmaytakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection.__4__,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.__5__aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying__6__agoodfamily. The

traditional

wedding

is

long

and

colorful

affair.

Formerly

it

lasted

three

days,

__7__1980s

it

more

commonly

lasted

a

day

and

a

half.

Buddhist

priests

offer

a

short

sermon

and

__8__

prayers

of

blessing.

Par--ts

of

the

ceremony

involve

ritual

hair

cutting,__9__cotton

threads

soaked

in

holy

water

around

the

bride's

and

groom's

wrists,

and

__10__a

candle

around

a

circle

of

happily

married

and

respected

couples

to

bless

the

__11__.

Newlyweds

traditionally

move

in

with

the

wife's

parents

and

may__12__

with

them

up

to

year,

__13__they

can

build

new

house

nearby.ﻩDivorce

is

legalandeasyto__14__,

butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare__15__withsomedisapproval.Each

spouse

retains___16___propertyheorshe__17__into

the

marriage,

andjointly-acquiredproperty

is

__18__equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,but

agenderprejudice__19__up.The

divorcedmaledoesn'thave

a

waitingperiodbeforehecanremarry__20__thewomanmustwaittenmonths.1. A.

by

way

of

ﻩB.

with

regard

to

ﻩC.

on

behalf

of

ﻩD.

as

well

asﻫ2.ﻩA.

decide

on

ﻩ B.

provide

for ﻩC.

compete

with D.

adapt

to

3. A.

close

B.

arrangeﻩ ﻩC.

renewﻩ D.

postponeﻫ4. A.

In

theory B.

Above

allﻩ ﻩC.

In

timeﻩﻩ D.

For

example

5.ﻩA.

Unlessﻩ B.

Lessﻩ ﻩC.

Afterﻩ ﻩD.

Althoughﻫ6.ﻩA.

intoﻩ ﻩB.

within C.

from ﻩ ﻩD.

throughﻫ7.ﻩA.

orﻩ ﻩB.

sinceﻩ ﻩC.

but D.

soﻫ8.ﻩA.

test B.

copyﻩﻩ ﻩC.

recite ﻩD.

createﻫ9.ﻩA.

foldingﻩﻩB.

piling ﻩ C.

wrapping D.

tyingﻫ10. A.

passingﻩ B.

lighting ﻩﻩC.

hidingﻩ D.

servingﻫ11. A.

associationﻩB.

meetingﻩﻩﻩC.

collectionﻩ D.

union

12.ﻩA.

dealﻩﻩ B.

partﻩﻩﻩ C.

grow ﻩﻩ D.

liveﻫ13.ﻩA.

whereas B.

untilﻩﻩ C.

for

ﻩﻩ ﻩD.if

14. A.

avoidﻩ B.

followﻩ ﻩC.

challengeﻩﻩﻩD.

obtainﻫ15. A.

isolated ﻩB.

persuadedﻩ ﻩC.

viewed D.

exposedﻫ16.ﻩA.

wherever ﻩB.

whatever ﻩC.

whenever ﻩﻩD.

however

17.ﻩA.

changedﻩ B.

broughtﻩ C.

shaped ﻩD.

pushedﻫ18. A.

investedﻩﻩB.

divided C.

donatedﻩﻩ D.

withdrawn

19. A.

warmsﻩﻩB.

clears

ﻩ C.

shows ﻩ D.

breaks

20.ﻩA.

whileﻩﻩﻩB.

so

thatﻩﻩﻩC.

onceﻩ D.

in

thatSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat“inciteexcessivethinness”motingextremedieting.Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That’sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath–assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.IncontrasttoFrance’sactions,Denmark’sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:”Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople”.Thecharter’smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek(CFW),whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?【A】Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.【B】Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.【C】Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.【D】Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.22.Thephrase“impingingon”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto【A】heighteningthevalueof【B】indicatingthestateof【C】losingfaithin【D】doingharmto23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?【A】TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.【B】NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.【C】Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.【D】Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor【A】pursuingperfectphysicalconditions【B】caringtoomuchaboutmodel’scharacter.【C】showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors【D】settingahighagethresholdformodels.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?【A】AChallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals【B】ADilemmafortheStarvingmodelsinFrance【C】JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty【D】TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustryText2Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate”thecountryside”alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthSerivce(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.AcenturyagoOctaviaHillLaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave“thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever”.Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience“arefreshingair.”Hill’spressurelaterledtocreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon’tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.Theconservatives’planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorising“off-plan”buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalconservativeparties.Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalflionhousesintheLondonareaalone,withnointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.Theideathat”housingcrisis”equals“concretedmeadows”ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.WedonotruinurbanDevelopmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope’smostcrowedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative---thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthamotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.26.Britain’spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside[A]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.[B]didn’tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.[C]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.[D]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.27.AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing[A]graduallydestroyed.[B]effectivelyreinforced.[C]properlyprotected.[D]largelyovershadowed.28.whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?[A]Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.[B]theConservativesmayabandon”off-plan“building.[C]theLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.[D]labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.29.theauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne’spreference[A]revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.[B]showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.[C]stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.[D]highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.30.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciationof[A]thesizeofpopulationinBritain.[BtheenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.[C]thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.[D]thepoliticallifeintodayisBritain.Text3“Thereisonandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness,”wroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelprize-winningeconomist,“Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits.”ButevenifyouacceptFriedman’spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders’money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies-atleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa“signal”thatacompany’sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany’sproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse“haloeffect,”wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.Previous

studies

on

CSR

have

had

trouble

differentiating

these

effects

because

consumers

can

be

affected

by

all

three.

Al

recent

study

attempts

to

separate

them

by

looking

at

bribery

prosecutions

under

America’s

Foreign

Corrupt

Practices

Act

(FCPA).

It

argues

that

since

prosecutors

do

not

consume

company’s

products

as

part

of

their

investigations,

they

could

be

influenced

only

by

the

halo

effect.

The

study

found

that,

among

prosecuted

firms,

those

with

the

most

comprehensive

CSR

programms

tended

to

get

more

lenient

penalties,.

Their

analysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirm’sPoliticalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSR

stand,

that

accounted

for

the

leniency:

Companies

that

contributed

more

to

political

campaigns

did

not

receive

lower

fines.In

all,

the

study

concludes

that

whereas

prosecutors

should

only

evaluate

a

case

based

on

its

merits,

they

do

seem

to

be

influenced

by

a

company’s

record

in

CSR.

“We

estimate

that

either

eliminating

substantial

labour-rights

concern

,

such

as

child

labour,

or

increasing

corporate

giving

byabout20%

results

in

fines

that

generally

are

40%

lower

than

the

typical

punishment

for

bribing

foreign

officials”,

says

one

researcher.

ﻫResearchers

admit

that

their

study

does

not

answer

the

question

of

how

much

businesses

ought

to

spend

on

CSR.

Nor

does

it

reveal

how

much

companies

are

banking

on

the

halo

effect,

rather

than

the

other

possible

benefits,

when

they

decide

their

do-gooding

policies.

But

at

least

they

have

demonstrated

that

when

companies

get

into

trouble

with

the

law,

evidence

of

good

character

can

win

them

less

costly

punishment.31.The

author

views

Milton

Friedman’s

statement

about

CSR

withﻫ【A】tolerance.ﻫ【B】skepticism.ﻫ【C】uncertainty.ﻫ【D】approval.

32.According

to

Paragraph

2,CSR

helps

a

company

byﻫ【A】winning

trust

from

consumers.

【B】guarding

it

against

malpractices.

【C】protecting

it

from

being

defamed.ﻫ【D】raising

the

quality

of

its

products.33.Theexpression“morelenient”(line2,para.4)isclosestinmeaningto【A】moreeffective【B】lesscontroversial【C】lesssevere【D】morelasting34.Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany’sCSRregard【A】hasanimpactontheirdecision【B】comesacrossasreliableevidence【C】increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized【D】constitutespartoftheinvestigation35.Which

of

the

following

is

trueof

CSR,

according

to

the

last

paragraph?

【A】

Its

negative

effects

on

businesses

are

often

overlooked.

【B】

The

necessary

amount

of

companies’

spending

on

it

is

unknown.ﻫ【C】Companies’

financial

capacity

for

it

has

been

overestimated.

【D】

It

has

brought

much

benefit

to

the

banking

industry.Text4TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.“Sometimeinthefuture”,thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2023.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper—printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintaway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJoahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.”Fightingoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseofthem,”hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”Sometimesthat’sworthmakingachangeanyway.Perettigivestheexampleseenasablunder,”hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey’dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein.“Soifyou’reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,”Perettisaid.“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.”Inotherwords,ifyou’regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.WhichwaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcosts$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription.“It’sareallyhardthingtodoandit’satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness,”Perettiremarked.“Butwe’regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe’redoingthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituations,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive.”36.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydueto[A]thepressurefromitsinvestors.[B]thecomplaintsfromitsreaders.[C]thehighcostofoperation.[D]theincreasingonlineadsales.37.Perettisuggeststhat,infaceofthepresentsituation,theTimesshould[A]makestrategicadjustments[B]endtheprinteditionforgood.[C]seeknewsourcesofreadership.[D]aimforefficientmanagement.38.ItcanbeinferredformParagraphs5and6thata“legacyproduct”[A]willhavethecostofprintingreduced.[B]ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers.[C]helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes.[D]expandsthepopularityofthepaper.39.Perettibelievesthat,inachangingworld,[A]traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected.[B]aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges.[C]cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving.[D]legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated.40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?[A]MakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGood.[B]KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion.[C]CherishtheNewspaperStillinYourHand.[D]ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)[A]Create

a

new

image

of

yourself[B]Decide

if

the

time

is

right[C]Have

confidence

in

yourself[D]Understand

the

context[E]Work

with

professionals[F]Know

your

goals[G]Make

it

efficientNo

matter

how

formal

or

informa

the

work

environment,the

way

you

present

yourself

has

an

impact.

This

is

especially

true

in

first

impressions.

According

to

research

from

Princeton

University,people

assess

your

competence,trustworthiness,and

likeability

in

just

a

tenth

of

a

second,solely

based

on

the

way

you

look.ﻫThe

difference

between

today’s

workplace

and

the“dress

for

success”

era

is

that

the

range

of

options

is

so

much

broader.Norms

have

evolved

and

fragmented.Insomesettings,redsneakersordressT-shirtscanconveystatus;inothersnotsomuch.Plus,whateverimagewepresentismagnifiedbysocial-mediaserviceslikeLinkedIn.Chancesare,yourheadshotsareseenmuchmoreoftennowthanadecadeortwoago.Millennials,itseems,facetheparadoxofbeingtheleastformalgenerationyetthemostconsciousofstyleandpersonalbranding.Itcanbeconfusing.Sohowdowenavigatethis?Howdoweknowwhentoinvestinanupgrade?Andwhat’sthebestwaytopulloffonethatenhanceourgoals?Herearesometips;41.Asanexecutivecoach,I’veseenimageupgradesbeparticularlyhelpfulduringtransitions---whenlookingforanewjob,steppingintoanewormorepublicrole,orchangingworkenvironments.Ifyou’reinaperiodofchangeorjustfeelingstuckandinarut,nowmaybeagoodtime.Ifyou’renotsure,askforhonestfeedbackfromtrustedfriends,colleaguesandprofessionals.Lookforcuesabouthowothersperceiveyou.Maybethere’snoneedforanupgradeandthat’sOK.42.Get

clear

on

what

impact

you’re

hoping

to

have.

Are

you

looking

to

refresh

your

image

or

pivot

it?

For

one

person,

the

goal

may

be

to

be

taken

more

seriously

and

enhance

their

professional

image.

For

another,

it

may

be

to

be

perceived

as

more

approachable,

or

more

modern

and

stylish.

For

someone

moving

from

finance

to

advertising,

maybe

they

want

to

look

more“SoHo”.(It’s

OK

to

use

characterizations

like

that.)43.Lookatyourworkenvironmentlikeananthropologist.Whatarethenormsofyourenvironment?Whatconveysstatus?Whoareyourmostimportantaudiences?Howdothepeopleyourespectandlookuptopresentthemselves?Thebetteryouunderstandtheculturalcontext,themorecontrolyoucanhaveoveryourimpact.44.Enlistthesupportofprofessionalsandsharewiththemyourgoalsandcontext.Hireapersonalstylist,orusethefreestylingserviceofastorelikeJ.Crew.Tryahairstylistinsteadofabarber.Workwithaprofessionalphotographerinsteadofyourspouseorfriend.It’snotasexpensiveasyoumightthink.Thepointofastyleupgradeisn’ttobecomemorevainortospendmoretimepassingoverwhattowear.Instead,useitasanopportunitytoreducedecisionfatigue.Pickastandardworkuniformorafewgo-tooptions.Buyallyourclothesoncewithastylistinsteadofshoppingalone,onearticleofclothingatatime.PartCTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Mentalhealthisourbirthright.(46)wedon’thavetolearnhowtobementallyhealthy,itisbuiltintousinthesamewaythatourbodiesknowhowtohealacutormend,abrokenbone.Mentalhealthcan’tbelearned,onlyreawakened.Itislikeimmunesystemofthebody,whichunderstressorthroughlackofnutritionorexercisecanbeweakened,butwhichneverleavesus.Whenwedon’tunderstandthevalueofmentalhealthandwedon’tknowhowtogainaccesstoit,mentalhealthwillremainhiddenfrom

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