英语教学设计unit2 english around the world

AsBritishaccentmakesaspeakersoundlikealadyoragentleman,somanypeoplewanttolearnhowtotalkliketheBritish.IfyouwanttotalkliketheBritish,say“Cheers”ratherthan“Thanks”ininformal(非正式的)conversations.BeforeIcametotheU．K.,Ionlyknewthemeaningof“cheer”as“tomakesomeonehappyorexcited”asinthephrase“cheerup”.AfterIcametotheU．K.,Inoticedthattheyused“Cheers”muchmoreoftenthan“Thanks”.Forexample,intheU．K.,whenpeoplegetoffthebus,theywouldsay“Cheers”withastrongBritishaccenttothankthedriver.Besides,myBritishroommatealsosaid“Cheers”tomewhensheaskedmetopasssomethingtoherwhenwewerecookingtogether.“Cheers”isfrequentlyusedbytheBritishpeopleindailyinformalconversationsforsmallfavors,suchasopeningdoorsforyouorlendingyouapen.Itisnotasformalas“Thanks”or“Thankyou”，butisusedratherfrequentlyindailyconversations.Chinesestudentsweretaughtatschoolthatwhenacustomer(顾客)wenttoastore,shopassistantswouldask“WhatcanIdoforyou？”However,IneverheardtheexactsameexpressionwhenIwasintheU．K.NoshopassistantswouldgreetandfollowcustomersaroundasinChina.Onlywhencustomersaskedforhelporlookedlikelostwouldshopassistantscomeuptothemandask“Areyouallright？”Itseemedliketheyweregoingtoprovidehelp,butcustomerswouldnormallysay“Yeah,thanks.”unlesstheyreallyneededhelp.Interestingly,whenIheard“Areyouallright？”forthefirsttime,Ididn’tknowhowtoansweritandevenexplainedthatIwasjustlookingaroundandIdidn’tneedhelp.Howembarrassing(尴尬的)itwas!

Section_ⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre­reading[原文呈现[原文呈现]][读文清障]THEROADTOMODERNENGLISHAttheendof①the16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.Nearly②

all

of

them

lived

in

England.

Later

inthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyages③

to

conquer④

other

parts

of

the

worldandbecauseof⑤that,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.Native⑥

English

speakers

ca

understandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish⑦.Lookatthisexample：BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?AmericanAmy:Yes.I’dliketo⑧comeup⑨toyourapartment⑩.①at

the

end

of在……尽头；在……结束时②nearlyadv.几乎；接近；差不多③voyage[’vɔIIdʒ]n．航行；航海makeavoyage/voyagesto航海/航行去……④conquer[’kɒŋkə(r)]vt.征服；占领⑤becauseof因为；由于⑥native[’neItIv]adj.本国的；本地的n.本地人；本国人benativeto原产于(＝behometo)⑦evenif＝eventhough“即使”，引导让步状语从句。⑧wouldliketodosth.想要做某事⑨comeup走近；上来；被提出⑩apartment[ə’pɑːtmənt]n．〈美〉公寓住宅；单元住宅flat〈英〉公寓套房通向现代英语之路[第1～4段译文]16世纪末，大约有500万到700万人说英语。这些人几乎都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪，英国人开始出海远航以征服世界其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语。如今，说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，有的作为第一语言来说，有的作为第二语言或一门外语。以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。请看这个例子：英国人贝蒂：你想看一下我的公寓吗？美国人艾米：好的，我很乐意到你的公寓去。SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime⑪？Actually⑫alllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewith⑬eachother⑭.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150⑮wasverydifferentfrom⑯theEnglishspokentoday.Itwasbased⑰moreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent⑱.Thengradually⑲betweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruled⑳EnglandspokefirstDanisheq\o(○,\s\up1(21))andlaterFrench.Thesenewsettlersenrichedeq\o(○,\s\up1(22))theEnglishlanguageandespeciallyeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))itsvocabularyeq\o(○,\s\up1(24)).Sobythe1600’sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))awidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.⑪overtime＝astimegoesby随着时间的推移⑫actually[’æktʃʊəlI]adv.实际上；事实上infact事实上；实际上⑬communicatewithsb.与某人交流⑭when引导时间状语从句，从句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词meet和communicate。⑮过去分词短语spoken...作后置定语，修饰theEnglish。⑯bedifferentfrom与……不同⑰base[beIs]vt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础bebasedon以……为基础⑱wespeakatpresent为定语从句，修饰先行词theEnglish，从句中省略了关系代词that/which。atpresent现在；目前⑲gradually[’ɡrædʒʊəlI]adv.逐渐地；逐步地gradual[’ɡrædʒʊəl]adj.逐渐的；逐步的⑳rulevt.统治n.规则eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))Danish[’deInIʃ]n．丹麦语adj.丹麦的；丹麦人的；丹麦语的eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))enrich[In’rItʃ]vt.使富裕；充实；改善en­是一个常见的构成及物动词的前缀。如：enlarge使扩大。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))especiallyadv.尤其；特别eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))vocabulary[və’kæbjʊlərI]n．词汇；词汇量；词表eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))makeuseof利用；使用[第5段译文]那么，随着时间的推移，英语为什么会变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展。起初，大约在公元450年到公元1150年之间，英国人所说的英语与人们现在所说的英语有很大的不同。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到公元1150年之间，英语就不那么像德语了，因为那些统治英国的人开始讲丹麦语，后来又讲法语。这些新的定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其是英语词汇。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。1620年一些英国移民到了美国。后来在18世纪，也有一些英国人被带到了澳大利亚。于是这两个国家的人开始说英语了。Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettledeq\o(○,\s\up1(26)).AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellingeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))happened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.Thelattereq\o(○,\s\up1(28))gaveaseparateidentityeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))toAmericanEnglishspelling.EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,Indiahasaverylargenumberoffluenteq\o(○,\s\up1(30))EnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))andMalaysiaeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))andcountriesinAfricasuchaseq\o(○,\s\up1(33))SouthAfrica.Todaythenumberofeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))peoplelearningEnglishinChinaeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))isincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Only

time

will

tell.

eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))settlev．确定；解决；定居

eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))spelling[’spelIŋ]n．拼写；拼法

eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))latter[’lætə]adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的theformer...thelatter...前者……后者……

eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))identity[aI’dentətI]n．本身；本体；身份；特征identitycard身份证

eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))fluent[’fluːənt]adj.流利的；流畅的befluentin在……方面流利的

eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))Singapore[ˌsIŋə’pɔː(r)]n．新加坡(东南亚国家)

eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))Malaysia[mə’leIzIə]n．马来西亚(东南亚国家)；马来群岛

eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))suchas例如……；像这种的

eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))the

number

of

...……的数量/数目“the

numberof＋复数名词”作主语时，句子的谓语动词用单数。anumberof许多；大量，“anumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，句子的谓语动词用复数。eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))learningEnglishinChina为现在分词作后置定语，修饰people。[第6～7段译文]最后到19世纪这种语言定型了。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了一本词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》。后者体现了美式英语拼写的不同特征。,如今英语在南亚也被当作一门外语或第二语言来使用。例如，印度拥有众多英语讲得十分流利的人，这是因为英国从1765年到1947年统治着印度。在那期间，英语成了官方语言和教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲的一些国家，例如南非，人们也说英语。如今学英语的中国人在迅速增多。事实上，中国或许是世界上英语学习者最多的国家。将来中式英语会不会形成自己的特征呢？这个问题只能由时间来回答了。Pre­readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．officialadj.A．本身；本体；身份2．nativeadj.&n.

B．常常；频繁地3．actuallyadv.

C．官方的；正式的；公务的4．basevt.&n.5．graduallyadv.

E．流利的；流畅的6．vocabularyn.

F．以……为根据；基部；基地；基础7．spellingn.

G．拼写；拼法8．identityn.

H．本国的；本地的；本地人；本国人9．fluentadj.

I．实际上；事实上10．frequentlyadv.

J．词汇；词汇量；词表1～5__________6～10__________答案：1～5CHIFD6～10JGAEBLead­in1．HowmuchdoyouknowaboutEnglish?(1)It_is_the_official_language_of_many_countries,_such_as_America,_England,_Canada_and_so_on.(2)It_has_a_long_history.(3)There_are_mainly_two_kinds_of_English：American_English_and_British_English.(4)Many_Chinese_are_learning_English.2．DoyouknowthatthereismorethanonekindofEnglishintheworld?3．Matchthewordsthathavethesamemeaning.①petrolA．eraser②flat

B．gas③colorC．apartment④liftD．elevator⑤rubber

E．honour⑥honor

F．colour⑦pictures

G．movies⑧undergroundH．subway①～⑤__________⑥～⑧__________答案：①～⑤BCFDA⑥～⑧EGHWhile­readingFast­readingSkimthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．HowtolearnEnglishwell.B．ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.C．ThedifferencesbetweenoldEnglishandmodernEnglish.D．Englishiswidelyusedallovertheworld.答案：B2．Findoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.(1)Paragraph1A(2)Paragraphs2­4B．wideuseofEnglish(3)Paragraph5C．Englishisalanguagespokenallaroundtheworld(4)Paragraph6D．whyEnglishhaschangedovertime(5)Paragraph7E．Englishwassettled(1)～(5)__________答案：(1)～(5)BADECCareful­readingReadthereadingpassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．Attheendof16thcentury,about________peoplespokeEnglish.A．fivetosixmillion

B．fivetosevenmillionC．sixtosevenmillion

D．seventoeightmillion2．IfpeoplespeakdifferentkindsofEnglish,they________.A．can’tcommunicatewitheachotherB．canonlybeunderstoodbythosewhospeakthesamekindofEnglishC．can’tbeunderstoodbyforeignersD．canunderstandeachother3．Fromthetext,weknow________.A．onlyEnglishchangedovertimeB．alllanguageswillchangewhenculturesmeetC．allEnglishwordswerefromFrenchD．fewerandfewerChinesepeoplearelearningEnglish4．WhydomorepeoplespeakEnglish?A．Becauseitisaninternationallanguage.B．Becauseithasthelargestnumberofspeakers.C．Becauseitiseasytolearn.D．Becauseitalwaysstaysthesame.答案：1～4BDBAStudy­readingAnalyzethefollowingsentencesinthetextthatmaybedifficulttounderstand.1．Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.[句式分析]本句为and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，Laterinthenextcentury为时间状语，动词不定式短语toconquerotherpartsoftheworld为目的状语；在第二个分句中介宾短语becauseofthat为原因状语。[尝试翻译]后来，在17世纪，英国人开始出海远航以征服世界其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语。2．AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.[句式分析][尝试翻译]起初，大约在公元450年到公元1150年之间，英国人所说的英语与人们现在所说的英语有很大的不同。3．ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.[句式分析][尝试翻译]然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年之间，英语就不那么像德语了，因为那些统治英国的人开始讲丹麦语，后来又讲法语。对应课时作业与题型训练P103Ⅰ.阅读理解AIfyouwanttobecomeafluentEnglishspeakeryoushouldtakesomeadvice:TherearefourskillsinlearningEnglish.Theyarereading,listening,speaking,andwriting.Themostimportantthingyoumustrememberisthatifyouwanttoimproveyourspeakingandwritingskillsyoushouldfirstmastertheskillsofreadingandlistening.Readasmuchasyoucan.Butyourreadingmustbeactive.Itmeansthatyoumustthinkaboutthemeaningofthesentence,themeaningoftheunfamiliarwords,etc.Thereisnoneedforyoutopaymuchattentiontogrammarsortrytounderstandalltheunfamiliarwordsyoucome_across,_butthefactthatyouseethemforthefirsttimeandrecognizethemwheneveryouseethem,forexampleinotherpassagesorbooks,isenough.Itwouldbebettertoprepareyourselfanotebooksoyoucanwritedowntheimportantwordsorsentencesinit.Asforlistening,therearetwochoices:besidesreading,youcanlisteneverydayforabout30minutes.Youcanonlypayattentiontoyourreadingandbecomeskillfulatyourreading,thenyoucancatchuponyourlistening.Sinceyouhavelotsofinputsinyourmind,youcaneasilyguesswhatthespeakerisgoingtosay.Thisnevermeansthatyoushouldnotpracticelistening.Forlisteningyoucanlistentocartoonsorsomemoviesthatarespeciallymadeforchildren.Theirlanguagesareeasy.OrifyouaregoodatlisteningyoucanlistentoVOAorBBCprogramseveryday.Againthethingtorememberisbeingactiveinlisteningandpreferablyrakingsomenotes.语篇解读：如果你要说一口流利的英语，首先应该掌握的技能是：读和听。1．Accordingtotheauthor,whichshouldyouimprovefirstamongthefourskills?A．Readingandlistening.B．Readingandwriting.C．Writingandspeaking.D．Speakingandlistening.解析：选A细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，作者认为要想提高说和写的能力，首先要掌握读和听。2．Theunderlinedphrase“comeacross”inParagraph2canprobablybereplacedby“________”．A．meetbyaccidentB．discoverC．findonpurposeD．lookfor解析：选A词义猜测题。此处是告诉读者没有必要去理解遇到的所有的不熟悉的单词，由此推知comeacross指“偶然遇到”。3．Theauthorseemstoagreewiththeviewthat________.A．everyoneshouldlistentoVOAorBBCprogramseverydayB．youneedn’tpracticelisteningifyoukeeponreadingeverydayC．beinggoodatreadingishelpfulinimprovingyourlisteningD．youshouldtakenotesofwhateveryouarehearing解析：选C推理判断题。由第三段第二句可知，作者认为多阅读有助于提高听力。4．Thepassageismainlyabouthowto________.A．choosesuitablelisteningmaterialsB．dealwithnewwordsinreadingC．improveyourEnglishasquicklyaspossibleD．becomefluentinspeakingandwritingEnglish解析：选D主旨大意题。文章第一句话便点明主题，接着用大量篇幅阐述了如何通过提高阅读和听力技能，从而带动说和写的技能，成为afluentEnglishspeaker。BThatwomancarriedanewblanket(毛毯)overherarm.Wordlessly,shegaveittome.“Isitfinished？”Iasked.Sheshookherhead.“No.Itisready，”shereplied.Ihandedherthemoneyandtooktheblanket.“Itisbeautiful,soskillfullywoven(编织)，”Isaidtomymother.“Butwhatdidshemeanwhenshesaiditwasnotfinished?Howcanitbereadyifitisnotfinished？”“Iwilltellyoulater，”mymothersaid,“butfirstIwilltakeyoutotheNavajovillage.”Wewentdowntothevillage.Agroupofyoungmenweremakingsandpictures.Wewalkedthroughthewholevillage,watchingthedifferentthingsthepeopleweredoing.ItwasnotuntilthateveningthatmymotherfinallyexplainedtheNavajowoman’swords.“Didyounoticeanythingaboutthethingsthepeopleweremaking？”mymotherasked.“WhatshouldIhavenoticed？”Ilookedatherandasked.“EachthingtheNavajomakehasonesmallpartthatisnotcomplete.Thedesigns(设计)intheirsandpicturesareoftennotperfectlydone,forexample—thelineofacirclemaynotquiteclose.Ifyoulookcarefullyatyourblanket,youwillprobablyfindastitch(一针)missing.”Itooktheblanketoff,butitlookedasperfectasanydesigncouldbe.Thensuddenly,Inoticedthatsureenoughastitchwasmissing!“ButwhydotheNavajointentionallyleavesometinypartunfinished？”Iasked.“Theybelievethatwhenanythingiscompletedorfinished,itmeanstheendhascome—itwillnotbeperfectuntilthen.Thentoo,withacircle,theybelievethattheymustleaveapathwayforthebadspiritstorunawayandthegoodspiritstocomein.So,often,theydonotmakethelineclose.”语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者通过讲述自己购买的一条毛毯向我们介绍了纳瓦霍人奇特的文化。5．Theblankettheauthorreceived________.A．waspoorlywovenB．madeherthinkalotC．costheralotofmoneyD．wasfinished,butnotready解析：选B细节理解题。由第四段中作者所说的“Howcanitbereadyifitisnotfinished？”可知，既然还没有完工，怎么能说好了呢？这让作者思绪万千，故选B项。6．Whywastheauthorshownaroundthevillage?A．TobuymorethingsmadebytheNavajo.B．TomakefriendswithsomeoftheNavajo.C．TohaveadeeperunderstandingoftheNavajo.D．Tolookforthewomanwhosoldhertheblanket.解析：选C细节理解题。由第六段中的“Wewalked...watchingthedifferentthingsthepeopleweredoing.”和第八段中的“Didyounotice...thepeopleweremaking？”可知，作者的母亲带她到村子里转一转是为了让她对纳瓦霍人有更深的了解，故选C项。7．WhichofthefollowingmaytheNavajobelieve?A．Astitchintimeisveryimportant.B．Lifeonlybecomesperfectwhenyoudie.C．Hewhomakesnomistakeisaperfectman.D．Youmustalwaystrytomakeyourlifecomplete.解析：选B推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Theybelievethatwhenanythingiscompletedorfinished,itmeanstheendhascome—itwillnotbeperfectuntilthen.”可知，纳瓦霍人会认为人只有死亡之后其人生才会变得完美，故选B项。8．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．TheNavajoaregoodatmakingthings.B．TheNavajoarebraveandhard­working.C．AblankettellsalotabouttheNavajoculture.D．SkillsareneededtodobusinesswiththeNavajo.解析：选C主旨大意题。作者通过讲述自己购买的一条毛毯向我们介绍了纳瓦霍人奇特的文化，故选C项。CEnglishhassurelybecomethegloballanguage.Wheneverweturnonthenewstofindoutwhat’shappeninginEastAsia,orAfrica,oranywhere,peoplearebeinginterviewedandtellingusaboutitinEnglish.IfpeoplelookatthefactsabouttheamazingreachoftheEnglishlanguage,manywouldbesurprised.Englishisusedinover90countriesasanofficialorsemi­officiallanguage.Englishistheworkinglanguageofmanyinternationalinstitutes(研究所)aswellasofmostinternationalresearchscientists.ItisalsothelanguagethatIndianparentsandblackparentswishtheirchildrentolearn.ItisbelievedthatoveronebillionpeopleworldwidearenowlearningEnglish.OneofthemostimportantcausesofthespreadofEnglisharoundtheworldisthatEuropeansarewillingtoacceptitastheirlanguage.EnglishisspreadingfromnorthernEuropetothesouthandisnowthesecondlanguageincountriessuchasSweden,Norway,NetherlandsandDenmark.Ifonevisitsanyofthem,itwouldseemthatalmosteveryonetherecantalkinEnglish.Recently,areportsaidthatatthebeginningof2001,Englishwasthemostwidelyknownforeignlanguagewith43%ofEuropeanssayingtheyspokeit.Thereportalsosaidthatwithover89%ofthepopulationspeakingEnglish，SwedennowhasthehighestpercentageofEnglishspeakers.What’smore,Englishisthelanguageratedasmostusefultoknow,andover77%ofEuropeanswhodonotspeakEnglishastheirfirstlanguageconsiderituseful.语篇解读：本文是说明文，主要堁了英语在世界上的广泛使用。9．Bywritingthispassage,thewritermainlywantstotellus________.A．whysomanypeoplespeakEnglisharoundtheworldB．thatEnglishhasbecomealanguagespokenallovertheworldC．aboutthedevelopmentofEnglishinEuropeD．somethingabouttheEnglish­speakingcountries解析：选B主旨大意题。根据本文的第一句“Englishhassurelybecomethegloballanguage.”以及后文的具体描述可知，作者主要想告诉我们，英语是目前世界的通用语言。10．Accordingtothepassage,whathasplayedanimportantroleinspreadingEnglisharoundtheworld?A．Thatgovernmentshaveaskedtheirpeopletolearnitinschool.B．ThatEnglishisthemostbeautifullanguageintheworld.C．ThatEuropeansarewillingtoacceptEnglishastheirlanguage.D．ThatpeoplehavetouseEnglishintheirwork.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段的“OneofthemostimportantcausesofthespreadofEnglisharoundtheworldisthatEuropeansarewillingtoacceptitastheirlanguage.”可知C正确。11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rated”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Stood.B．Agreed.C．Considered.D．Argued.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据语境以及最后一句的“considerituseful”可知，rate在这里意为“认为；看作”。12．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Blackparentsdon’twanttheirchildrentolearnEnglish.B．Englishisusedinover90cou