老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE12

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老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE12

AmongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffsoftheAtlanticcoastofCanadainthesummertomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannets.Ofallthebirdsonthesecliffs,theblack-leggedkittiwakegullisthebestsuitedfornestingonnarrowledges.Althoughitsnestinghabitsaresimilartothoseofgullsthatnestonflatground,thereareanumberofimportantdifferencesrelatedtothecliff-nestinghabit.

Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealeggs.Thisimmunityhasbeenfollowedbyarelaxationofthedefenses,andkittiwakesdonotreacttopredatorsnearlyasfiercelyasdoground-nestinggulls.AcolonyofBonapartesgullsrespondstotheappearanceofapredatoryherringgullbyflyingupasagroupwithaclamorofalarmcalls,followedbyconcertedmobbing,butkittiwakessimplyignoreherringgulls,sincetheyposelittlethreattonestsoncliffs.Neitherdokittiwakesattempttoconcealtheirnest.Mostgullskeepthenestareaclearofdroppings,andremoveemptyeggshellsafterthechickshavehatched,sothatthelocationofthenestisnotgivenaway.Kittiwakesdefecateovertheedgeofthenest,whichkeepsitclean,butthispractice,aswellastheirtendencytoleavethenestlitteredwitheggshells,makesitslocationveryconspicuous.

Ontheotherhand,nestingonanarrowledgehasitsownpeculiarproblems,andkittiwakebehaviorhasbecomeadaptedtoovercomethem.Thefemalekittiwakesitswhenmating,whereasothergullsstand,sothepairwillnotoverbalanceandfallofftheledge.Thenestisadeepcup,madeofmudorseaweed,toholdtheeggssafely,comparedwiththeshallowscrapeofothergulls,andthechicksareremarkablyimmobileuntilfullygrown.Theydonotrunfromtheirnestswhenapproached,andiftheyshouldcomeneartothecliffedge,theyinstinctivelyturnback.

1.Whataspectofthekittiwakegulldoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

(A)Itsdefensivebehavior

(B)Itinteractionswithothergullspecies

(C)Itsnestinghabits

(D)Itsphysicaldifferencefromothergullspecies

2.Thewordrearinline2isclosestinmeaningto

(A)visit

(B)watch

(C)reverse

(D)raise

3.Thewordscaleinline8isclosestinmeaningto

(A)climb

(B)avoid

(C)approach

(D)measure

4.Thewordimmunityinline9isclosestinmeaningto

(A)distance

(B)transition

(C)protection

(D)reminder

5.Whyisitdifficultforravenstostealthekittiwakeseggs?

(A)Thekittiwakescanseetheravensapproachingthenest.

(B)Theravenscannotlandonthenarrowledgeswherekittiwakesnest.

(C)Thekittiwakeseggsaretoobigfortheravenstocarry.

(D)Thefemalekittiwakesrarelyleavethenest.

6.Theauthormentionsthateggshellslitteraroundthenestsofkittiwakesinorderto

(A)demonstratethatkittiwakesarenotconcernedaboutpredators

(B)provehowbusykittiwakesareincaringfortheiroffspring

(C)showasimilaritytoothertypesofgulls

(D)illustratekittiwakeslackofconcernfortheirchicks

7.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthatwhichofthefollowingbirdsconcealtheirnest?

(A)Bonapartesgulls

(B)Atlanticpuffins

(C)Kittiwakegulls

(D)Northerngannets

8.Theworditinline17refersto

(A)location

(B)edge

(C)nest

(D)practice

9.Thewordconspicuousinline18isclosestinmeaningto

(A)disordered

(B)suspicious

(C)noticeable

(D)appealing

10.ThephraseOntheotherhandinline19isclosestinmeaningto

(A)therefore

(B)however

(C)forexample

(D)bynomeans

正确答案：CDACBAACCB

如何提高托福阅读理解力量?

一、学会概括主旨大意

任何一篇（文章）都有一个主题思想。能否抓住一篇文章的主题思想，是考生阅读力量的综合体现。主题思想是文章最重要的内容，也是文章的核心。只有抓住了文章的主题思想，才有助于对文章的理解。从文章的构成来看，一篇文章的主题思想通常是通过段落中某一个（句子）概括出来的，也可能以示意的方式表达出来，这个句子就是主题句。在找主题句时，需多留意文章或段落的首尾部分。一般来说，文章的主题句通常在文章的第一段首句，第一段末句或者全文的末句。二、把握细节题答题策略

在阅读中，往往要通过很多详细的细节来解释或（说明文）章的主题思想，这些解释或说明文章主题思想的句子通常被称作“支撑句”。在回答细节类问题时，考生应带着问题去查找相关的信息。在选择答案之前首先要看清题目的要求，找出关键词，然后依据关键词快速在文章中查找相关信息，最终依据这些信息做出正确的选择。

二、把握推理解题技巧

在阅读中，推理是一项重要的阅读技能。推理题与细节题的区分在于，没有将问题或者观点直接、正面地陈述出来，而是隐含在字里行间。考生需要透过表面文字推断出隐含的意思。这类题的干扰选项有：1)只是原文的简洁重述，而非推断出来的结论;2)看似从原文中推断出来的结论，但实际上与原文不符;3)依据常识推断是正确的，但不能从原文推断出来;4)纯属主观臆断。解答这类题时，考生需要依据文章所给的事实进行分析和推断，超越字面的含义，弄清的隐含思想。

托福阅读植物学题材整理

82/11海藻

83/1地衣S1/P123

86/1植物演化

86/5藤蔓植物，

86/10地衣S1/P7

88/1树的防备机理S1/P17

88/5植物形成层和树皮结构S1/P99

S/P69植物的根

90/8浮游生物P32

91/8植物学P54普样题1

92/8树的重要性P71

P89/植物拟态的性质和作用

P138/沙漠植物的生存

95/10植物内部运水的机理

96/1植物的防备机理北美题

96/5兰花

96/10一种野草和牛的（传奇）

98/5赤扬和森林环境的关系

99/8菌类和植物的区分及破坏性和用途

托福阅读如何进行精读训练?

1、首先要从单词入手：扩大自己的词汇量，不仅要知道它的汉语解释，还要把握它的英语定义及用法，尤其是单词在文章中的用法，它有无奇妙之处，是否有特定的意义。

2、其次要