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2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提高选练(19)李仕才A(2017·兰州高考诊疗考试)Mostepisodesofabsent-mindedness—forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom—arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,saysSchacter.“You’resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven’tencodeditdeeply.”Encoding,Schacterexplains,isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateanannoyingsituation.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocket,forexample,anddon’tpayattentiontowhatyoudidbecauseyou’reinvolvedinaconversation,you’llprobablyforgetthatthephoneisinthejacketnowhanginginyourwardrobe(衣柜).“Yourmemoryitselfisn’tfailingyou,”saysSchacter.“Rather,youdidn’tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.”Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.“Amanwhorecitessportsstatisticsfrom30yearsago,”saysZelinski,“maynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox.”Womenhaveslightlybettermemorythanmen,possiblybecausetheyaremoreinterestedinwhat’shappeningaroundthem,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.Visualcues(提示)canhelppreventabsent-mindedness,saysSchacter.“Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable,”hecautions.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakeamedicationwithlunch,putthepillbottleonthekitchentable—don’tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.Anothercommonepisodeofabsent-mindedness:walkingintoaroomandwonderingwhyyou’rethere.Mostlikely,youwerethinkingaboutsomethingelse.“Everyonedoesthisfromtimetotime,”saysZelinski.Thebestthingtodoistoreturntowhereyouwerebeforeenteringtheroom,andyou’lllikelyremember.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“episodes”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Experiences.B.Experiments.C.Expressions.D.Feelings.2.Accordingtothepassage,womenhavebettermemorythanmenprobablybecause________.A.theyhaveawiderrangeofinterestsB.theyalwaysputthingswheretheywereC.theypaymoreattentiontotheirenvironmentD.theyprefertowritenotestotellthemselveswhattheyshoulddo3.Whatcanhelppreventabsent-mindednessaccordingtoSchacter?A.Writingnotes.B.Takingsomemedicine.C.Puttingsomethinginsight.D.Returningtowhereyouwere.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AWayofRecallingB.TheImportanceofEncodingC.CuresforAbsent-mindednessD.CausesandCopingStrategiesofAbsent-mindedness参照答案1—4、ACCDB(2015·山西大学附中第五次月考)Paperisacheapandaccessiblemediumthatcanproducebeautifulresults.Tomostpeople,makingapaperplanecouldbeoneofthesimplestthingstodo.It’sthesimplestandeasiestformofpaperart.AndpaperartcanbetracedbacktoJapan,whereitoriginatedoverathousandyearsago.However,there’saspecialminoritywhotakespaperarttothenextlevel,magicallyturningtheplainwhiteorcoloredpaperinto2someofthemostamazingartworks.Checkoutthefollowingartistsandtheirworks!TheDanishartistPeterCallesenisfamousforhistalentincombiningtheminimalism(极简的)ofawhitesheetofpaperwiththecomplexityofcarefullycutandfoldedpaperandusesthetwotobuildoutsomepleasingworks.TheBritishartistSuBlackwelloftengoestosecondhandbookstores—tolookformaterialswithwhichshecancarveoutdelicatesculptures.Themodelslookasifthey“grow”naturallyfromthepagesofthebooks.Theartistfindsinspirationfromthebooktitleoraparagraphorpictureinsideandthenspendsmonthscarefullyslicingeachoneintoaneye-catchingpapermodel.Heroldbooksculpturessellforupto£5,000each.Bycarefullyfoldingsimplepiecesofpaper,GermanartistSimonSchubertcreatesamazingmasterpieces.Heturnspaperintoarchitecturalmasterpiecesbyfoldingasimplepieceofpapertoshapethecreases(褶痕),thenunfoldingittoshowthefascinatingartwork.Anothermasterofpaper-foldingisJenStark.Herartworkisoftenintheformofcolorfulcavesandtopographic(地形的)maps.Usinghervividimaginationandaspecialknife,sheisamoderndaymagicianwhoturnshumblematerialslikeconstructionpaperandglueintofantastic,complicatedsculpturesthatpuzzletheeyes.Herworkdrawsinspirationfromnature.1.Accordingtothepassage,paperart________.A.isaboutplane-foldingB.ismostprosperousinJapan3C.datesbackto1000B.C.D.isnowonanewlevel2.TheBritishartistmentionedinthepassage________.A.combinestheminimalismandcomplexityofpaperB.oftengetsinspiredbysecondhandbooksC.makesarchitecturalmasterpieceswithSimonSchubertD.isamagicianwhousessimplepapermaterials3.Accordingtothepassage,JenStark________.A.isfromGermanyB.usespapertobuildcomplicatedshapesC.createsthingstoopuzzlingtounderstandD.worksalsoasamagician4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“humble”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Commonandpopular.B.Simpleandcheap.C.Uselessandpriceless.D.Numbandmeaningless.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。纸艺术历史悠长,此刻纸艺术已发展到了一个新高度。本文主要介绍了几个在纸艺术方面成就颇深的艺术家。1.分析:选D。细节理解题。依据第一段中的“However,there’saspecialminoritywhotakespaperarttothenextlevel,magicallyturningtheplainwhiteorcoloredpaperintosomeofthemostamazingartworks.”可知,此刻有一些人能魔术般地将一般的白纸或彩纸制作成令人惊讶的艺术作品,将纸艺术发展到了一个新的水平。故答案选D。42.分析:选B。细节理解题。依据第三段中的“TheBritishartistSuBlackwelloftengoestosecondhandbookstores...Theartistfindsinspirationfromthebooktitleoraparagraphorpictureinside”可知,文章中所提到的这位英国艺术家常常从旧书中获得灵感。故答案选B。3.分析:选B。细节理解题。依据最后一段中的“sheisamoderndaymagicianwhoturnshumblematerialslikeconstructionpaperandglueintofantastic,complicatedsculpturesthatpuzzletheeyes”可知,JenStark能够将纸变为形状复杂、令人惊诧的艺术作品。故答案选B。4.分析:选B。词义猜想题。“humble”后边的“constructionpaperandglue”意为“美术纸和胶水”,且和下文“fantastic,complicatedsculptures”形成对照可知,美术纸和胶水都是一些很简单且廉价的物件;由此可推知,“humble”的意思应为“简单的,廉价的”。故答案选B。CBLOODDRIVE&MARROW(骨髓)REGISTRATION“Thesepatientsdeserveachanceatanormal,happyfutureandtheyrelyonthekindnessofthestrangerstomakethathappen.—Daisy,Isabelle’sMotherIsabelleisthedaughterofDaisyandSamanMirzaei.InJanuary2008Isabellewasdiagnosed(诊疗)withageneticblooddisorder,betathalassemia.Isabelle’sbodyisunabletoproducehealthyredbloodcells.Asaresult,Isabellehasbeenreceivingbloodtransfusions(输血)every4-6weekssinceshewas11monthsold.Alifetimeofregulartransfusionscanleadtoseriousmedicalproblems.Heronlychanceatanormal,healthylifeistohaveamarrowtransplant.Isabelleisanonlychild,sodoctorshavestartedasearchforanunrelatedmarrowdonorthroughTheMatchRegistry.TheMirzaeifamilyasksthatyouconsiderhelpingpatientslikeIsabellebyregisteringtobeamarrowdonorandgivethegiftoflife,thegiftofblood.HeldatWileyHall5Wednesday,March26,2014BehindHeathmanDormitory/ButterfieldRd.12:00PM-6:00PMDon’tforgettobringyourdriver’slicenseoranotherformofidentificationwhenyoudonate.Vtomakeanappointment,SponsorCode3390.FREEKingstonPizza!!!MarrowDonors:BETHEMATCHbe18to44yearsoldingoodhealth·giveaswab(化验标本)ofyourcheekcellsformarrowtyping·FREE—sponsored(资助)byMichael’sFundTheRhodeIslandBloodCenterdistributesbloodproductstohospitalsinRhodeIslandandSouthernNewEngland.D.doctorswillsponsorIsabelle'sfamilyTobeamarrowdonor,youmust_____________.A.bearelativeofthepatientB.carryadriver'slicenseC.beatleast18yearsoldD.applytoMichael'sFund3.ThosewhowanttohelppatientslikeIsabellecan___________.C.contacttheirparentsat800-283-8385D.callathospitalsinRhodeIsland文章粗心:本文是一则公益广告,呼吁人们为了那些需要进行骨髓移植的人捐赠骨髓。介绍了与之有关的详细信息。1.B。细节题。依据文章第一段3,4行.Asaresult,Isabellehasbeenreceivingbloodtransfusions(输血)every4-6weekssinceshewas11monthsold.可知她自从她11个月以来,就向来在接受输血。故B正确。62.C。细节题。依据be18to44yearsold可知捐赠者一定是在18-44岁之间。故C正确。3.B。细节题。依据Vtomakeanappointment,SponsorCode3390.可知愿意捐赠的人能够接见这个网址进行联系商定。故B正确。D(2015·河北衡水中学二模)Theearthprovidesuswithalmosteverythingthatweneedtoeat,sleep,workandentertain.Todoallthis,weusetheearth’sresources.Becausesomeofushavemorebuyingpower,theyendupusingmoreresourcesthantheyusuallyneed.Atthesametime,wealsocreateagreatdealofwasteandpollution.Sowealsoneedtothinkabouthowmuchlandweusetodealwiththatwaste.Thentwothingshappen:first,largenumbersoftheworld’spopulationgetmuchlessresourcesthantheyneedtolive;second,theearthisdamaged.Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.Theyshowwhoselifestylesareaburdenontheearthandwhoselifestylesarenot.Becauseafewpeopleeatupmostoftheearth’sresources,themajorityhavetobeartheconsequences—likepollution.Thisistheecologicalfootprintsthattheearthkeepsinitsmemory.Someyearsago,afamousexpert,calledWilliamRees,developedthisideaoftheecologicalfootprints.Today,thisideahasbecomelikeamagnifyingglass(放大镜).Itallowsustoseewhetherwearelivinglivesinawaythatkeepstheearthinareasonablygoodshape.Oncetheearthgoesoutofshape,thereisnohopeforhumanbeings.CountriesliketheUnitedStatesandCanadahavebigecologicalfootprints.ReescalculatedthattheaverageamountofenergyandmaterialsconsumedbyaCanadianis7theenergyandmaterialsconsumedbyanIndianiswhat0.4hectaresoflandcanproduce.Butifwelookmorecarefully,wewillfindthatevenwithinIndia,thefootprintsofthecityIndianaremuchlargerthantheruralIndian.1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?A.FootprintsontheEarthB.HowtoProtecttheEarthC.FootprintsofWildAnimalsD.HowtoReducePollutionontheEarth2.Ourfootprintsontheearthreferto________.A.thecitieswebuildB.thecultureswecreateC.themarksweleaveonroadsbehindusD.theresourcesweuseandthewasteweproduce3.Accordingtothetext,richpeople________.A.shouldgivemoremoneytothepoorB.areusingtoomanyresourcesC.arehelpingthepoortolivebetterlivesD.shouldliveinruralareaswiththepoor4.WelearnfromthetextthatRees________.A.putforwardtheideaoftheecologicalfootprintsB.thoughthighlyoftheUnitedStatesandCanadaC.thoughtIndiawasanextremelypoorcountry8D.thoughtrichpeoplemadegreatcontributionstosociety【解题导语】本文是一篇谈论文。我们花费及浪费的能源数目就是留在地球上的脚迹,脚迹越多说明花费的资源越多,给地球造成的负担越重。一旦把地球踩得变了形,那人类就没有了生计的希望。1.分析:选A。标题概括题。纵观全文可知,第二段是本文的主题段。依据第二段第一句主题句“Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.”并联合下文中多次提到的“footprints”可知,A项意为“地球上的脚迹”,合适做标题。故答案选A。2.分析:选D。细节理解题。依据第二段第一句“Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.”可知,地球上的脚迹指的是我们花费的能源数目。故答案选D。3.分析:选B。推理判断题。依据第一段第三句“Becausesomeofushavemorebuyingpower,theyendupusingmoreresourcesthantheyusuallyneed.”可知,有更强购置力的人使用的资源超出了他们的实质需要,即富人耗费的资源太多。故答案选B。4.分析:选A。细节理解题。依据第三段第一句“Someyearsago...WilliamRees,developedthisideaoftheecologicalfootprints.”可知,答案选A。EWhatisthefirstthingyounoticewhenyouwalkintoashop?Theproductsdisplayedattheentrance?Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?Buthaveyouevernoticethesmell?Unlessitisbad,theanswerislikelytobeno.Butwhileashop’sscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovidingtobeanincreasingpowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customers’intensiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinPairs,scentisjustasimportantto9abrand’ssuccessasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonsale.Thatismainlybecauseshoppingisaverydifferentexperiencetowhatitusedtobe.Nowtheriseofelectroniccommerce(e-commerce)hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience.Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarshops(实体店)canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Anotherbrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.Now,afamousstoreusescomplexman-madesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbabypowderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment,andcoconutscentintheswimsuitsection.Adepartmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab

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