2023年安徽中考英语总复习二轮专题课件：专题二 动词 动词的语态

第二部分

语法专题剖析专题二

动词第4讲

动词的语态2023年安徽中考英语总复习二轮专题课件（10年5考）知识清单考点透析1.

常考被动语态的结构时态构成例句主动语态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are+doneWe

clean

the

classroom

every

day.我们每天打扫教室。The

classroom

is

cleaned

by

us

every

day.教室每天被我们打扫。时态构成例句主动语态被动语态一般过去时was/were+doneHer

mother

gave

her

a

new

pen.她妈妈给了她一支新钢笔。A

new

pen

was

given

to

her

by

her

mother.她妈妈给了她一支新钢笔。一般将来时will/shall/be

goingto+be+doneThey

will

plant

trees

tomorrow.他们明天将要种树。Trees

will

be

planted

by

them

tomorrow.他们明天将要种树。续表时态构成例句主动语态被动语态现在完成时have/has+been+doneJim

has

finished

the

work.吉姆已经完成了这项工作。The

work

has

been

finished

by

Jim.这项工作已经被吉姆完成了。含情态动词情态动词+be+doneWe

must

solve

the

problem

soon.我们必须尽快解决这个问题。The

problem

must

be

solved

soon.这个问题必须被尽快解决。续表2.

主动语态变被动语态的方法口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动例：3.

使用被动语态的情况（1）不知道动作的执行者是谁时。如：This

watch

was

made

in

China.

这块手表是在中国制造的。（2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁时。如：Many

trees

must

be

planted

every

year.每年都必须种很多树。（3）需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：Paper

was

invented

by

Cai

Lun.纸是由蔡伦发明的。（4）句子的主语是物时。如：Many

houses

were

washed

away

by

the

flood.

许多房屋被洪水冲走了。（5）出于礼貌而不说出动作的执行者时。如：My

glass

was

broken

this

morning.我的玻璃杯今天早上被打碎了。4.

主动语态表被动语态的情况（1）open,

lock,

write,

read,

sell,

clean,

watch,

cut,

burn,

drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。如：This

kind

of

pen

writes

very

smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。（2）look,

sound,

taste,

smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如：Mooncakes

taste

delicious.月饼尝起来很好吃。（3）be

worth

doing用主动形式表被动意义。如：This

book

is

worth

reading.这本书值得一读。（4）表示“发生”的happen或take

place，无被动结构。如：The

story

happened

on

a

cold

night.

故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。（5）need/require+doing相当于need/require+to

be

done,

to

be

done为不定式的被动结构。如：My

bike

needs

repairing.=

My

bike

needs

to

be

repaired.

我的自行车需要被修理。（6）在too…to…结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，主语是物。如：The

plane

is

too

high

to

see.飞机飞得太高了，都看不见了。（7）形容词easy,

difficult,

hard,

expensive,

fit,

nice,

dangerous,

exciting,

funny,

heavy,

important,

good,

interesting等后面接不定式作状语时，往往用主动形式表示被动意义。如：They

found

the

question

is

difficult

to

answer.

他们发现这个问题很难回答。（8）动词不定式作定语时,如果它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语，则可以用主动形式表示被动意义。如：They

have

a

lot

of

work

to

do.他们有很多工作要做。十年真题1.(2019年42题)The

villagers

expect

that

the

building

of

the

bridge

___

before

the

rainy

season

comes.A.is

completed

B.was

completedC.will

be

completed

D.has

been

completed2.(2018年44题)The

weatherman

says

a

rain

shower

___

this

afternoon

in

the

south.A.expects

B.expected

C.is

expected

D.was

expected√√3.(2017年42题)Mr.

Green

___

to

sing

an

English

song

at

the

party

and

he

sang

well.A.was

invited

B.invited

C.is

invited

D.invites4.(2013年46题)Thanks

to

the

Internet,

different

kinds

of

information

___

in

a

short

time.A.can

be

learned

B.has

been

learnedC.can

learn

D.has

learned√√提升训练5.Hot

water

___

in

the

students’

flats

from

5

p.m.

to

7

p.m.

now.A.supplies

B.is

supplied

C.supplied

D.was

supplied6.In

Switzerland,

things

like

glass

and

plastic

___

into

different

groups

and

then

recycled

last

year.A.separate

B.separatedC.were

separated

D.is

separated√√7.Tea,

the

most

popular

drink

in

the

world,

___

by

accident

in

China.A.discovered

B.is

discoveredC.will

be

discovered

D