江苏省英语高考试卷及答案

2013年全国高考英语试题（江苏卷）及答案

第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）

该部分分为第一、第二两节。注意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部

分结束时，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最

佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题

和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15B.£9.18C.£9.15

答案是C。

1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Takephotos.B.Buyacamera.C.Helpthewoman.

2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.AnoisynightB.Theirlifeintown.C.Aplaceofliving.

3.Whereisthemannow?

A.Onhisway.B.Inarestaurant.C.Athome.

4.WhatwillCeliado?

A.Findaplayer.B.Watchagame.C.Playbasketball.

5.Whatdayisitwhentheconversationtakesplace?

A.Saturday.B.Sunday.C.Monday.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个

选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个

小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第6至7两个小题。

6.WhatisSaragoingtodo?

A.BuyJohnagiftB.InviteJohntoFranceC.GiveJohnasurprise

7.WhatdoesthemanthinkofSara'splan?

A.Funny.B.Exciting.C.Strange.

听下面一段圣诞，回答第8和第9两个小题

8.WhydoesDianasaysorrytoPeter?

A.Shehastogiveuphertravelplan.

B.Shewantstovisitanothercity.

C.Sheneedstoputoffhertest.

9.WhatdoesDianawantPetertodo?

A.Helpherwithherstudy.

B.Takeabooktoherfriend.

C.Teachageographylesson.

听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。

10.Whydoesthemancallthewoman?

A.Totellherabouthernewjob.

B.Toaskaboutherjobprogram

C.Toplanameetingwithher.

11.Whoneedsanewflat?

A.Alex.B.Andrea.C.Miranda.

12.Whereisthewomannow?

A.InBaltimore.B.InNewYork.C.InAvon.

听下面一段对话，回答第13至16四个小题。

13.WhatdoesJanconsidermostimportantwhenhejudgesarestaurant?

A.Wheretherestaurantis.

B.Whetherthepricesarelow.

C.Howwellthefoodisprepared.

14.WhendidJanbegintowriteforamagazine?

A.AfterhecamebacktoSweden.

B.BeforehewenttotheUnitedStates.

C.Assoonashegothisfirstjobin1982.

15.WhatmayJandotofindagoodrestaurant?

A.Talktopeopleinthestreet.

B.Speaktotaxidrivers.

C.Askhotelclerks.

16.WhatdoweknowaboutJan?

A.Hecooksfbrarestaurant.

B.Hetravelsalotforhiswork.

C.HeprefersAmericanfood.

听下面一段独臼，回答第17至20四个小题。

17.WhatdoweknowaboutthePlazaLeon?

A.It'sanewbuilding.B.It'sasmalltown.C.It'sapublicplace.

18.WhendoparentsandchildrenlikegoingtothePlazaLeon?

A.Saturdaynights.B.Sundayafternoon.C.FridaysandSaturdays.

19.Whichstreetisknownforitsfoodshopsandmarkets?

A.ViaDelMarStreet.B.FernandoStreet.C.HernandesStreet.

20.WhydoesthespeakerlikeHoratioStreetbest?

A.Ithasanoldstonesurface.B.Itisnamedafterawriter.C.Ithasafamousuniversity.

第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）

第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答

题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

答案是B。

21.Gnerally,students*innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothersessentialto

theirdevelopment.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

22.-TheT-shirtIreceivedisnotthesameasisshownonline.

—?ButIpromiseyouweUllookintoitrightaway.

A.WhosaysB.HowcomeC.WhatforD.Whyworry

23.一Thetownissobeautiful!Ijustloveit.

-Metoo.Thecharacterofthetowniswell.

A.qualitfiedB.preservedC.decoratedD.simplified

24.LionelMessi,therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear,isconsideredthemost

talentedfootballplayerinEurope.

A.setB.settingC.tosetD.havingset

25.一CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?

—Sure,Iareportathome.

A.willbewritingB.willhavewritten

C.havewrittenD.havebeenwriting

26.IamalwaysdelightedwhenIrecieveane-mailfromyou.thepartyonJuly1st,Ishall

bepleasedtoattend.

A.OnaccountofB.InresponsetoC.InviewofD.Withregardto

27.“Neverforasecond,theboysays,44thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”

A.IdoubtedB.doIdoubtC.IhavedoubtedD.didIdoubt

28.Intheglobaleconomy,anewdrugforcancer,itisdiscovered,willcreatemany

economicpossibilitiesaroundtheworld.

A.whateverB.whoeverC.whereverD.whichever

29.Teamleadersmustensurethatallmemberstheirnaturaldesiretoavoidthe

embarrasmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.

A.getoverB.lookoverC.takeoverD.comeover

30.1shouldnothavelaughedifIyouwereserious.

A.thoughtB.wouldthinkC.hadthoughtD.havethought

31.Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandtoruins,thecitytookonanew

look.

A.reducingB.reducedC.beingreducedD.havingreduced

32.ThepresidentoftehWorldBanksayshehasapssionforChina,heremembersstarting

asearlyashischildhood.

A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when

33.Withinspirationfromotherfoodcultures,Americanfoodculturecantakeaforthe

better.

A.shareB.chanceC.turnD.when

34.一Whataboutyourself-drivetripyesterday?

-Tiring!Theroadisbeingwidened,andwearoundride.

A.hadB.haveC.wouldhaveD.havehad

35.—Thankyoufortheflowers.

一.Ithoughttheymightcheeryouup.

A.That'srightB.AllrightC.TmallrightD.It'sallright

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并

在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

IusedtobelieveintheAmericanDream,whichmeantajob,amortgage（按揭）,creditcards,

success.Iwanteditandworkedtowarditlikeeveryoneelse,allofus36chasingthesame

thing.

Oneyear,throughaseriesofunhappyevents,itallfell37.1foundmyselfhomelessand

alone.Ihadmytruckand$56.138tehcountrysideforsomeplaceIcouldrentforthe39

possibleamount.Icameuponashabbyhousefourmilesupawindingmountainroad40the

PotomacRiverinWestVirginia.Itwas41,fullofbrokenglassandrubbish.Ifoundthe

owner,rentedit,and42acomertocampin.

Thelocalsknewnothingaboutme,43slowly,theystartedteachingmethe44of

beinganeighbor.Theydroppedoffblankets,candles,andtools,andbegan45aroundto

chat.Theystartedtoteachmeabeliefina46AmericanDream-nottheoneofindividual

achievementbutof47.

WhatIhavebelievedin,allthosethingsIthoughtwere48foracivilizedlife,were

nonexistentinthisplace.49ontehmountain,mymostvaluablepossessionsweremy50

withmyneighbors.

Fouryearslater,Imovedbackinto51Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhard

time,52theirjobsandhomes.Imanagedtoreantabigenoughhouseto53ahandful

ofpeople.Therearefourofusnowinthehouse,butovertimeI'vehadninepeoplecomeinand

moveontootherplaces.We'dallbein54ifwehadn'tbandedtogether.

TheAmericanDreamIbelieveinnowisasharedone.It'snotsomuchaboutwhatIcanget

formysefl;it'sabout55wecanallgetbytogether.

36.A.separatelyB.equallyC.violentlyD.naturally

37.A.offB.apartC.overD.out

38.A.crossedB.leftC.touredD.searched

39.A.fullestB.largestC.fairestD.cheapest

40.A.atB.throughC.overD.round

41.A.occupiedB.abandonedC.emptiedD.robbed

42.A.turnedB.approachedC.clearedD.cut

43.A.butB.althoughC.otherwiseD.for

44.A.benefitB.lessonC.natureD.art

45.A.stickingB.lookingC.swingtingD.turning

46.A.wildB.realC.differentD.remote

47.A.neighborlinessB.happinessC.friendlinessD.kindness

48.A.uniqueB.expensiveC.rareD.necessary

49.A.UpB.DownC.DeepD.Along

50.A.cooperationB.relationshipC.satisfactionD.appointments

51.A.realityB.societyC.townD.life

52.A.creatingB.losingC.quittingD.offering

53.A.putinB.turninC.takeinD.getin

54.A.yardsB.sheltersC.campsD.cottages

55.A.whenB.whatC.whehterD.how

第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并

在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

GuestServicesFood&DrinkOptions

FrontGateGuestServicescanhelpyouwithShopsarelocatedthroughoutCanada's

anythingfromfindingoutwhattimeyourWonderland.Pinicbasketsandcoolersare

favouriteshowstartstopurchasingtickets.Thewelcomeattheshelterlocatedoutside

GuestServiceslocationinsideFrontGatealsoWonderlandonthenorthsideofourFront

servesasamessagecenter,lostchildren'sareaGate.Outsidefoodanddrinksarenotallowed

andlostandfound.Canada'sWonderlanddoesinthePark.Bottledwatermaybebroughtinto

notofferpersonalizedpublicpaging(传呼).thePark.

ATMsPetCare

\TMsarelocatedjustinsidetheParkbesideApetcarefacilityislocatedoutsideourFront

JtrolhXLockerandWheelchairRentalsattheGateonthesouthsideforadailyfee.Waterand

I7rontGate,aswellasKidZville(besideGuestair-conditionedsheltersareprovided.Guests

Jervic:es),SplashWorks(twolocations),andareaskedtoprovidefoodandexercise.

)utsiceThunderRun.

FirstAidfl|^Stroller,LockerandWheelchair

Rentals

Stroller,lockerandwheelchairrentalsare

fyouneedmedicalassistance,tellanypark

availableinsidetheParkattheFrontGate,

jmloyeewhowillcallFirstAidandhavethem

besideThrillsAreWonderland.

c:ometoyourlocation.

SmokingPolicy

>mokingisnotpermittedwhileridingorFailuretoobserveallParkrulescouldresult

standinginlineforridesorinanyoftheinbeingdrivenoutoftheParkwithout

crhidrem'sareasortheWaterPark.Smokingisrefund.

F)ermittedindesignated(指定的)areasonly.

56.TheleafletistoinformvisitorsofthePark's.

A.advancedmanagementB.thrillperformances

C.entertainmentfacilitiesD.thoughtfulservices

57.AvisitortotheParkcan.

A.rentastrolleroutsideFrontGateB.askforfirstaidbyThunderRun

C.smokeintheWaterParkD.leavehispetatKidZville

B

We'veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:hiringlineStanders,buyingtickets

fromscalpers(票贩子)，orpurchasingline-cuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineor

anamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue(waitingyourturn)with

themoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice).

Marketsandqueues-payingandwaiting-aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,and

eachisappropriatetodifferentactivities.Themoralsofthequeue,"Firstcome,firstservedJhave

anegalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.Theytellustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.

Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonot

governalloccasions.IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthat

comesalong,simplybecauseit'sthefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferent

activities,properlygovernedbydifferentstandards.

Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.Thinkofthe

recordedmessageyouhear,playedoverandover,asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank:

“Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived."Thisisessentialfbrthe

moralsofthequeue.Ifsasifthecompanyistryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness.

Butdon'ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously.Today,somepeople'scallsareanswered

fasterthanothers.Callcentertechnologyenablescompaniestot€score^^incomingcallsandtogive

fasterservicetothosethatcomefromrichplaces.Youmightcallthistelephonicqueuejumping.

Ofcourse,marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswe

distributebymerit,othersbyneed,stillothersbychance.However,thetendencyofmarketsto

replacequeues,andothernon-marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodemlifethat

wescarcelynoticeitanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue-jumpingschemeswe've

considered-atairportsandamusementparks,incallcenters,doctors'offices,andnationalparks

一arerecentdevelopments,scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisappearanceofthe

queuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern,butthesearenottheonlyplacesthat

marketshaveentered.

58.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingseemsgovernedbytheprinciple"First

come,firstserved”？

A.Takingbuses.B.Buyinghouses.

C.Flyingwithanairline.D.Visitingamusementparks.

59.TheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraphs4and5illustrates.

A.thenecessityofpatienceinqueuingB.theadvantageofmoderntechnology

C.theuncertaintyofallocationprincipleD.thefairnessoftelephonicservices

60.Thepassageismeantto.

A.justifypayingforfasterservicesB.discussthemoralsofallocatingthings

C.analyzethereasonforstandinginlineD.criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumping

C

Ifadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen（氮）dissolved（溶解）inhis

bloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubbles（气泡）

accumulateinajoint,issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhis

lungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.

Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression（减压）sicknessiftheysurfacetoo

fast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgot

thebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoff

itsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothe

pointofcollapse.Fossil（化石）bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthatthe

animaloncehadthebends.

BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyof

ichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularly

wantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe

150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld'snatural-historymuseums,

lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicand

Cretaceousperiods.

Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,

reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewas

astonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshad

sufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen（标本）showedevidenceof

thatsortofinjury.

Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly一and,

moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.He

suspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.

Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator（捕

食动物）suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflarge

sharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,by

contrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopof

thefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey（猎物）aswellaspredator—and

oftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.

61.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?

A.Atwistedbody.

B.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.

C.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.

D.Adropinbloodpressure.

62.ThepurposeofRothschild'sstudyistosee.

A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebends

B.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompression

C.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodies

D.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones

63.Rothschild'sfindingstatedinParagraph4.

A.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocess

C.disagreedwithhisassumptionD.changedhisresearchobjectives

64.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs.

A.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeans

B.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebends

C.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodiles

D.evolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostit

D

MarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.Andhesurelydeserves

additionalpraise:themanwhopopularizedthecleverliteraryattackonracism.

Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartoftheliteratureinthe

yearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.Stowe'sUncleTom'sCabinisonlythemostfamousexample.

Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.Withminorexceptions,Twainplantedhisattacks

onslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.Hedrew

hisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.

Againandagain,inthepostwaryears,Twainseemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeof

race.Considerthemostcontroversial,atleasttoday,ofTwain9snovels,Adventuresof

HuckleberryFinn.OnlyafewbookshavebeenkickedofftheshelvesasoftenasHuckleberry

Finn,Twainsmostwidelyreadtale.Onceuponatime,peoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruck

themasrude.Twainhimselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel“trash

andsuitableonlyfortheslums(贫民窟)Morerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseof

thecharacterJim,theescapedslave,andmanyoccurencesofthewordnigger.(ThetermNigger

Jim,forwhichthenovelisoftenseverelycriticized,neverappearsinit.)

Buttheattackswereandaresilly-andmissthepoint.Thenovelisstronglyanti-slavery.

Jim'ssearchthroughtheslavestatesforthefamilyfromwhomhehasbeenforciblypartedis

heroic.AsJ.Chadwickhaspointedout,thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfiction一a

recognitionthattheslavehadtwopersonalities,"thevoiceofsurvivalwithinawhiteslaveculture

andthevoiceoftheindividual:Jim,thefatherandtheman.,,

Thereismuchmore.Twain'smysterynovelPuddrnheadWilsonstoodasachallengetothe

racialbeliefsofevenmanyoftheliberalsofhisday.Writtenatatimewhentheacceptedwisdom

heldNegroestobeinferiord氐等的）towhites,especiallyinintelligence,Twain'stalecenteredin

partaroundtwobabiesswitchedatbirth.Aslavegavebirthtohermaster'sbabyand,forfearthat

thechildshouldbesoldSouth,switchedhimforthemaster'sbabybyhiswife.Theslave's

light-skinnedchildwastakentobewhiteandgrewupwithboththeattitudesandtheeducationof

theslave-holdingclass.Themaster9swife'sbabywastakenforblackandgrewupwiththe

attitudesandintonationsoftheslave.

Thepointwasdifficulttomiss:nurture（养育），notnature,wasthekeytosocialstatus.The

featuresoftheblackmanthatprovidedthestuffofprejudice-mannerofspeech,for

example-were,toTwain,indicativeofnothingotherthantheconditioningthatslaveryforcedon

itsvictims.

Twain'sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasy,forexample,bythelengthypassage

inhisautobiography（自传）abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows“inhis

youth—mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-face—andhisdelightingettinghismotherto

laughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.His

frequentattacksonslaveryandprejudicesuggesthiskeenawarenessthattheydidnot.

WasTwainaracist?Askingthequestioninthe21stcenturyisaswiseasaskingthesameof

Lincoln.Ifwereadthewordsandattitudesofthepastthroughthe“wisdom"oftheconsidered

moraljudgmentsofthepresent,wewillfindnothingbuterror.Lincoln,whobelievedtheblack

mantheinferiorofthewhite,foughtandwonawartofreehim.AndTwain,raisedinaslavestate,

brieflyasoldier,andinventorofJim,mayhavedonemoretoangerthenationoverracialinjustice

andawakenitscollectiveconsciencethananyothernovelistinthepastcentury.

65.HowdoTwain'snovelsonslaverydifferfromStowe's?

A.Twainwasmorewillingtodealwithracism.

B.Twain'sattackonracismwasmuchlessopen.

C.Twain'sthemesseemedtoagreewithplots.

D.Twainwasopenlyconcernedwithracism.

66.RecentcriticismofAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnarosepartlyfromits.

A.targetreadersatthebottom

B.anti-slaveryattitude

C.ratherimpolitelanguage

D.frequentuseof“nigger”

67.WhatbestprovesTwain'santi-slaverystandaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Jim'ssearchforhisfamilywasdescribedindetail.

B.Theslave'svoicewasfirstheardinAmericannovels.

C.Jimgrewupintoamanandafatherinthewhiteculture.

D.Twainsuspectedthattheslaveswerelessintelligent.

68.Thestoryoftwobabiesswitchedmainlyindicatesthat.

A.slaveswereforcedtogiveuptheirbabiestotheirmasters

B.slaves'babiescouldpickupslave-holders,wayofspeaking

C.blacks'socialpositionwasshapedbyhowtheywerebroughtup

D.blackswerebornwithcertainfeaturesofprejudice

69.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph7referto?

A.Theattacks.

B.Slaveryandprejudice.

C.Whitemen.

D.Theshows.

70.Whatdoestheauthormainlyarguefor?

A.Twainhaddonemorethanhiscontemporarywriterstoattackracism.

B.TwainwasanadmirablefigurecomparabletoAbrahamLincoln.

C.Twain'sworkshadbeenbannedonunreasonablegrounds.

D.Twain'sworksshouldbereadfromahistoricalpointofview.

第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分）

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入二个最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

QuietVirtue:TheConscientious

Theeverydaysignsofconscientiousness（认真尽责）一beingpunctual,carefulindoingwork,

self-disciplined,andscrupulous（——丝不苟的）inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypical

characteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen,thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningasthey

should.Theyfollowtherules,helpout,andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It's

tehconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence,

whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves,whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.

Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield..Instudiesofjobperformance,outstanding

effectivenssforalmostalljobs,fromsemi-skilledlabortosalesandmanagement,dependson

conscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelower

levelsofanorganization:thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect,tehdeliverytruckdriver

whoisalwaysontime.

AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufactures,thosewhoweremost

conscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer（缓冲）

againstthethreatofjoblossinloday'sconstantlychaningmarket,becauseemployeeswiththis

qualityareamongthemostvalued.Forthesalesrepresentatives,theirlevelofconscientiousness

matteredalmostasmuchastheirsalesindeterminingwhostayedon.

Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.Since

conscientiouspeopledemandsomuchofthemselves,theycanholdotherpeopletotheirown

standards,andsobeoverlyjudgementwhenothersdon'tshowthesamehighlevelsofmodel

behavior.FactoryworkersinGreatBritainandtheUnitedStateswhowereextremely

conscientious,forexample,tendedtocriticizeco-workersevenaboutfailuresthatseemed

unimportanttothosetheyciticized,whichdemandedtheirrelationships.

Whenconscientiousnesstakestheformoflivinguptoexpectations,itcandiscourage

creativity.Increativeprofessionslikeartoradvertising,opennesstowildideasandspontaneity

（自发性）arescarceandindemand.Successinsuchoccupationscallsforabalance,however;

withoutenoughconscientiousnesstofollowthrough,peoplebecomemeredreamers,with