新编大学英语4课件N4课后翻译1英译汉的长句翻译（1）重组法

PartFourWritingandTranslation1.Translation2.WritingKnowingAboutTranslationTranslationPracticeWritingPracticeWritingStrategyKnowingAboutTranslationPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

英语重形合，句子结构可以借助各种连接手段加以扩展和组合构成复杂的长句。这类长句可由若干分句、子句、多种短语及词组构成。而汉语多意合，连词运用得较少，结构较为自由，以短句居多。因此正确处理长句的翻译是确保译文忠实、通顺的重要环节。英译汉的长句翻译（一）TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation1.2语言表达可将长句中各个部分分别译出，并运用一定的方式，根据汉语的特点，不拘泥于原文形式，对译出部分进行整合，确保译文的通顺和流畅。1.

英译汉长句翻译的步骤英语句子虽然较长，但还是遵循一定的基本结构。在翻译时，可以按照如下步骤进行：1.1句法分析在英译汉中，首先需要理清原文的基本句法结构，并且判断出句子的类型，是简单句、并列句还是复合句，并找出主语和谓语，然后判断出各种修饰成分的关系以及句中代词所指代的对象。TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

该句的主句是“BlitzenwouldteaseGrandma”。第一部分“Evenwhenyoung”是主句的时间状语，第三部分“byveryselectivelycarryingoneofherbedroomslippersintothelivingroom”是方式状语，第四部分“whereGrandmasatinherfavorite”，“comfortablechair”是定语从句修饰“livingroom”。以本单元In-ClassReading

中的两个句子为例：1)Evenwhenyoung(1),BlitzenwouldteaseGrandma(2)byveryselectivelycarryingoneofherbedroomslippersintothelivingroom(3)whereGrandmasatinherfavorite,comfortablechair(4).TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation通过对四个部分的整合，按照中文的时间顺序和逻辑顺序，该句译文应该为：

四部分分别译成中文是：

布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室。（1）在小时候（2）布利茨恩戏弄外祖母（3）它叼一只她卧室的拖鞋来到起居室（4）外祖母坐在她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

该句的主句是“theyappealtopeopleeverywhereasfunnystories”。第一部分“Whetherthesestoriesarecartoonsorjokes,toldbyaslapstickcomedianoracross-talkingteam”为让步状语从句，第三部分是由两个并列句组成的原因状语从句。2)Whetherthesestoriesarecartoonsorjokes,toldbyaslapstickcomedianoracross-talkingteam

(1),

theyappealtopeopleeverywhereasfunnystories

(2)

becausetheyhaveanoteofrealitytothem,andtheunexpectedpunchlineisquitefunny

(3).

TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

无论这些故事是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。（1）这些故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲（2）它们都受人们喜爱（3）因为它们贴近现实生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣三部分分别译成中文是：按照中文表达习惯，通过对三个部分的整合，并适当增添词语，该句译文为：TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

随着我技术的进步，我开始加上花样：抛球时让一个球经过其他球的上方，或者其他球的下方；或者我让一个球弹在我的头上或者臂肘上，并继续按原来的方式抛球。2.英译汉长句翻译的方法英译汉长句翻译所采取的主要方法如下：2.1

原序和换序译法某些英语长句所表达的事情或动作是按照时间或逻辑关系排列的，其语序和汉语基本相同，在翻译时可以按照原序翻译，这称为原序译法。例如：1)AsIgotbetter,Ibegantoaddtricks,tossingtheballssothatonewentoverthetopoftheothers,orundertheothers,orIbouncedoneoffmyheadorelbowandstillkeptthepatterngoing.TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

五年之后，当我21岁时，母亲在圣诞节期间的一天，把我叫到一边说：“丹，你愿不愿给救世军的聚餐会表演杂耍？”

2)Thenfiveyearslater,whenIwas21,mymothercalledmeasideonedayduringtheChristmasseasonandsaid,“Dan,howwouldyouliketojugglefortheSalvationArmydinnerthisyear?”TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>Translation

或者举办“谋杀案侦破晚宴”：一群朋友聚在一起，在餐桌上利用预先准备好的关于人物性格行踪的线索破解一桩案件。而某些英语长句在叙述两个或两个以上的动作或事情时，其先后顺序可能与汉语表达习惯不一致，在翻译时需要调整顺序，这称为换序译法。例如：3)Ortherearemurderdinnerparties,atwhichgroupsoffriendsgettogethertosolveacrimeoverthedinnertable,usingspeciallypreparedinformationabouttheircharacterandtheirwhereabouts.TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

45分钟以后，我给了孩子们一句忠告，作为节目的结束语：“不论是杂耍还是别的，如果你们想成功，就必须不断地努力。你们能做到，只是永远不能放弃。4)Forty-fiveminuteslaterIendedtheperformancewithmyfinalwordofadvicetothechildren:“Ifyouwanttosucceed,atjugglingoranythingelse,youhavetokeeptrying.Youcandoit.Justnevergiveup.”TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

我喜欢那个关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。2.2

拆分译法把某些较长的英语句子进行分解，译成两个或两个以上的汉语句子，称为拆分译法。例如:Ilikethesomewhatmildstoryofaschoolteacherandaprincipalofahighschoolwhoareconcernedbecausesomeboysandgirlshavebeenseenkissingontheschoolplayground.TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation2)AsonewhohasenjoyedhumorsinceIfirstrecognizedit,I’vemadeanattempttoexplainanddiscusshumorwithstudentsinsuchdiverseculturesasLatinAmericaandChina.

我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上了它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。TobecontinuedWhatishumor?PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。3)FirstistheSETUP(orsetting),nextistheBODY(orstoryline),andthesearefollowedbythePUNCHLINE(anunexpectedorsurpriseending)whichwillmakethejokefunnyifitcontainssomehumor.TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

所有小说里最有名的侦探也许是舍洛克·福尔摩斯，他的住所是，“伦敦贝克街221b号”。现在仍有信件寄到那里，要求他帮忙解决各种各样的迷案。2.3

重组法指打破原文的层次和结构安排，按照汉语行文习惯将原文内容进行一定的重新组合的翻译方法。这种方法是对上述各种长句翻译方法的综合利用。例如：Lettersstillgetsentto“221bBakerStreet,London”,homeofSherlockHolmes,perhapsthemostfamousfictionaldetectiveofall,askingforhishelpinsolvingavarietyofmysteries.TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙彼利埃（俄亥俄州）的《企业导报》工作，当时我很少收到体育迷的来信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸引住了。2)OnmyfirstjobassportseditorfortheMontpelier(Ohio)LeaderEnterprise,Ididn’tgetalotoffanmail,soIwasintriguedbyaletterthatwasdroppedonmydeskonemorning.TranslationPracticePartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

Thiselderly,unmarriedEnglishladywasbetween65and70yearsofagewhenshemadeherfirstappearanceinTheMurderattheVicaragein1930.Sheappearedintwelvenovelsandtwentyshortstoriesoveraperiodofforty-oneyears—makingherquiteelderlybyherlastcase!TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseusingthetechniquesmentionedabove.TobecontinuedTranslationPracticePartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

Inappearance,MissMarpleisatall,thinwomanwithapink,wrinkledface,paleblueeyesandsnowywhitehairwhichshewearspileduponherheadinanold-fashionedmanner.Herharmlessappearance,meanderingconversationandever-presentknittingneedlesoftenmisleadpeopleintounderestimatingherassimplya“ditheringoldmaid”.Thosewhoreallyknowherrecognizethatsheisasharpobserverofhumannaturewith“anuncannytalentofbeingalwaysright”.TobecontinuedTranslationPracticePartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

DespitealifetimespentintheseeminglydullSt.MaryMead,MissMarpleisquiteworldlyinherrecognitionandacceptancethatevilisallaroundus.Assheoftenpointsout,hervillageanditsenvironsprovideexamplesofeverycharactertraitandevilinhumannaturethatcanbefoundinbigcities.Thus,hermethodofdetectionconsistsinfindingparallelsbetweenlifeandpeopleinSt.MaryMeadandhappeningsintheoutsideworld.Sample

这位上了年纪而从未结过婚的英国女士，在1930年第一次出现在小说《牧师住宅的谋杀案》中时，年纪大约在65到70岁之间。在长达41年多的时间里，她出现在12部长篇小说、20篇短篇小说中——最后一次破案时她已经很老了。从外表上看，马普尔小姐高高瘦瘦，面色红润而布满皱纹，有着一双淡蓝色的眼睛，雪白的头发在头上盘成老式的发髻。她的外表看上去不会给任何人造成伤害。再加上她那漫无边际的闲谈以及永远都在身边的毛线针，她常常会引起人们的误解，把她仅仅看成是一位“犹犹豫豫的老女人”。那可真是小看了她。那些真正了解她的人都明白，她是敏锐的人类本性观察者，而且“不可思议地总是正确的”。TobecontinuedSamplePartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

虽然马普尔小姐一生都生活在看上去枯燥乏味的圣玛丽牧场，她却相当老到地明白并接受“我们周围尽是邪恶”这个事实。就像她经常指出的那样，大城市能找到的人性特征和邪恶，在她住的村子及周边也都能找到。于是，她的破案方式就是找出圣玛丽牧场和外面世界在生活和人物方面的相似之处。BacktothepassageWritingStrategyPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Writing

Exposition(说明文)meansexplainingorgivingthereaderinformationtohelphim/herunderstandtheworld.Anexpositoryessayexplainssomething,suchaswhyacertainphenomenonhappens,howaproblemissolved,orwhatawordortermmeans.Afterthereaderhasfinishedreadingthiskindofwriting,his/herresponseshouldbe“Iunderstand”.Toachievethis,youshouldbearinmindthefollowingpoints:HowtoWriteanExpositoryEssayWritingStrategy

Youhavetolimityourdiscussiontoamanageabletopic,foritisimpossibletoexplainmanythingsclearlyinashortessay.Forinstance,youmayfindthetopic“MyPastime”toogeneraltowriteaboutinashortessay.Youcan,then,narrowitto“MyFavoritePastime”.NarrowingtheScopeofDiscussionPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingWritingStrategyInasense,expositionistheprocessofmakingastatementandthensupportingitwithevidence.Whenpresentingastatement,youmustmakesureitexpressesveryclearlyyourattitudetowardsthesubject.MakingClearYourAttitudeTowardtheSubjectPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingWritingStrategyItisadvisabletoprepareenoughmaterial(detailsorexamples)tohelpyourexplanation.Readersoftenfindabstractdiscussionshardtofollowiftheyarenotillustratedbyconcreteexamples.Moreover,goodexpositionisoftenbothinstructiveandinteresting;withmanyconcreteexamples,youressaycertainlywillnotbedull,thoughnotnecessarilyinteresting.PreparingEnoughMaterialPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingWritingStrategyGoodwritinggetsthereader’sattentionquickly.Ifyouarewritingabouttheproblemofpollution,youcouldstartbylistingthestatisticsonpollutionintheworldtoday.Butthefactsalonemaynotattractyourreader’sattention.Amoreeffectivewayofpresentingthisproblemwouldbetotellthestoryofonepollutedvillage.Thiswoulddramaticallyillustratetheproblemanddrawthereaderintoyourexposition.DramatizingtheIssuePartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingWriteacompositiononeitherofthefollowingtopics.Useatleast6wordsorphrasesinyourcompositionfromthelistbelow.1)MyFavoritePastime2)HowPeopleSpendTheirLeisureTimeWritingPracticerelaxationtakeone’smindawayentertainmentillusionpursuedefinitelylimitedappeal

toprofessionalentertaininglaughterinadvancerequireconcertalternativepopularityattractionfashionuniversal

SampleSamplePartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Writing

Myfavoritepastimeiswriting.Youmaynotthinkitisapastime.Buttomeitis,becauseitisaformofrelaxationthattakesmymindawayfromotherthingswhenIfeeltired.IbegantolikewritingwhenIwasapupilinprimaryschool.Iwasimaginativeandcreatedmanyinterestingstoriesatthattime.WhenItoldmystoriestomyfriendsonourwayhomefromschool,theyenjoyedthem.ThentellingastoryIwroteonthewaybackhomesoonbecamemyregularpractice.Thatmademereallyhappy.Ihadneverthoughtofwritingasentertainmentbefore.SometimesIwrotedownmystoriesandpassedthemaroundamongmyclassmates.MyFavoritePastimeSample1TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingWhenIwasinhighschool,Ibegantolikepoems.Thiswasbecauseoftheinfluenceofmybestfriend.Shelikedpoemsverymuch,sograduallyIlearnedtoappreciatepoems.WhenIamwritingpoems,Icanconcentrateforalongtime,totallylosingmyself.NomatterwhetherIamhappyorsadIstartwritingpoemstoexpressmyself.Letmetellyoualittlesecret.NowI'mwritingasciencefictionabouttimetravel.I'msureitisoriginalandinteresting.However,writingdefinitelytakestime,andhowIwishIcouldhavemoretimetopursuethishobby.Imaynotbecomeaprofessionalwriter,butIwillalwaysenjoywriting.(238words)TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingIusuallyspendmyleisuretimeonvariousthingssuchaswatchingTV,reading,swimmingandplayingtabletennis.Butifyouaskmewhat'smyfavoritepastime,Iwoulddefinitelysaythatitisplayingcomputergames.MyFavoritePastimeIlikecomputergamesandsurfingontheInternet.Manypeoplebelieveplayingcomputergamesisharmfultoone'shealth,especiallytotheeyes.ButIdon'tquiteagree.Ithinkplayingcomputergamesbenefitsme.Sample2TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingFirst,asawayofrelaxation,italsogivesmeasenseofaccomplishment.Secondly,IgainalotofknowledgeIcannotfindintextbooks.Forinstance,whenIplayedCivilizationII,Ibegantorealizetheimportanceofscience,becauseitwasimpossibletodefeattheenemyinthegameifyoudidn'tdevelopscience.Finallyandmostimportantly,IhavetouseanEnglish-ChinesedictionaryfromtimetotimebecausemostofthegamesareinEnglish.SothemoregamesIplay,thegreaterprogressImakeinEnglish.Thegamesareentertainingandinstructive.TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingIalsolikesurfingontheInternet.Thereisahugeamountofinformationthere.Ithasbecomemoreandmorepopularandimportant.ItissaidthatthosewhocontroltheInternetwillconquertheworldinthefuture.ThatisperhapsanillusionbutIwanttobeamasterofthefuture.Inaword,Ilikeplayingwithmycomputerverymuch.Itappealstomycuriosityandmydesiretoescapefromthelimitedworldofmyroom.(255words)BacktothetopicPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingManypeopleareoftenverybusywithvariousthingsatworkorathomesotheyhavenotimeforentertainment.Butthisisreallybadforone'shealth.Soweshouldmakeanefforttolookforrelaxation.Aproverbsays,"AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy."Peopleindifferentregionsmayhavedifferentformsofactivities.InChinaoneofthemostpopularactivitiesistraveling,especiallygoingtotheremoteareaswhicharenotseriouslypolluted.Theseisolatedlocationsappealtotravelerswhowanttogetclosetonaturebecausetheyaretiredofstressfulcitylife.HowPeopleSpendTheirLeisureTimeSample1TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingOtherpeoplewhocanaffordneitherthetimenorthemoneyfortravelwillstayathome,watchingTV,goingtothemoviesorconcerts,orinvitingsomefriendsoverforaparty.Childrenliketogotothepark,playcomputergames,andparticipateinsports.Youngwomenliketogoshoppingwhileyoungmenprefertostayathome,watchingTVanddrinkingtea.Thepopularityofpastimesvariesaccordingtoage,sex,personalityandfinancialsituations.Whateverone'spastime