2022-2023学年浙江省台州市高三（下）第二次教学质量评估英语试卷及答案解析

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年浙江省台州市高三（下）第二次教学质量评估英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AFamily:Poems—byMr.KeithKeenan·Kindle$0.00,Hardcover$12.50,Paperback$7.00Thepoetdescribespersonalthoughtsandfeelingsinalyricaljourneytounderstandandcelebratehisfamily."Family"looksatlivinghonestlyinplaces,notillusions.Figurativelanguage,aloveofmetaphorandsharpimagesallmakethepoemswork.TimetoHeal—byAlexandraVasiliu·Kindle$9.99,Hardcover$21.94,Paperback$12.64Fromthebestsellingauthorcomesaninspirationalpoetrybookaboutlove,healing,andgrowth.Itisaremindertostrivetochangeforthebetter.Featuringmorethan130upliftingpoemsandblack-and-whiteillustrations,it'sagreatcompanionwhenyouneedtoembraceself-loveandpersonaltransformation.SeedsfromaBirchTree—byClarkStrand·Kindle$9.99,Hardcover$26.80,Paperback$16.95SeedsFromaBirchTreemakesnatureintoaspiritualpath.Itsmessagewassimple:Haikuteachesustoreturntonaturebyfollowingtheseasons—seventeensyllablesatatime.Withitsmixofpoetryandmemoir(回忆录),thebookguidesustothejoyhiddeninplainsight,leadingustogetintoagoodstateofbodyandmind.APoemforEveryDay—byAllieEsiri·Kindle$9.99,Hardcover$28.05,AudioCD$18.05Thisaudiobookisacollectionof366poemswhichlinktoeventsonkeydates—funnyforAprilFool'sDay,festiveforChristmas.Thisistheperfectgiftforpoetryloversofallages.Thesepoemsareinformative,peaceful,andenergetic!TherearealargenumberofpoetrycollectionsonAmazon.Moreinformation,pleaseclickhere.1.Howmuchwillyoupayifyouaretobuyahardcovereditionofhaiku?A.S12.50. B.$21.94. C.$26.80. D.S28.05.2.Accordingtothetext,whatcanwelearnaboutthebooks?A.Family:Poemsfeaturesplainlanguage.

B.TimetoHealfeaturescolorfulillustrations.

C.SeedsfromaBirchTreefocusesonhumannature.

D.APoemforEveryDayfocusesonfestivecelebrations.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Awebsite. B.Amagazine.

C.Abookreview. D.Atravelbrochure.BAirTag,asmallBluetooth-and-GPS-enableddevice,wasreleasedbyAppleinApril2021.Thissmalldeviceaimedatmakingourliveseasierwasoriginallydesignedtoendthetroubleoflosingkeys,walletsorotherlittleobjects.However,itmaybecomethe"perfect"trackingtoolifinthewronghands.Myex-husbandwasanearlyadopteroftheAirTag.HeandIhadafallingout,leadingtoadivorcebattle.Inordertowincustodybattle,heusedthelittledevicetotrackme.Asatechgiant,theApplecompanybroughtgreatconveniencetotheusers,includingme.IhadnevergivenathoughttotrackingviaAirTaguntilithappenedtome.SoIstartedscanningstoriesaboutAirTag.IwassurprisedtofindthatIwasnotalone.Thereweresomanypeopletrackedbytheseseeminglyinnocentelectronictagsintheirdailylife.AirTagwhichwasoriginallylaunchedforabetterlifeshouldhavesuchadarksideinthewronghands.Peoplehavefoundthatthedigitaldevicehasthepotentialforabuse.Whatmattersishowtoavoiditsdanger.ApplehasreleasedupdatestotheAirTag'sfunctionalityveryquicklysincetheyhitthemarket.Meanwhile,Applehasalsoimproveditscustomerservicetodealwiththebugsofthiskind.IfyoufindanunwantedAirTagfollowingyou,don'tpanic.Justdisableit.YoucanfollowthepromptsonyourAppledevicetolearnmoreaboutdisablingthedevice.Onceyou'vecompletedtheabovestep,thetag'soriginalownercan'tkeeptrackofyouanymore.Almosteverydigitaltechnologycreatessecurityissues.Nobodycangoandliveinacavetoremainunaffected.Whileenjoyingitsconvenience,youneedtobeawareoftherisksitposes,andknowhowtodealwiththem.Preventionismoreeffectiveinsecurityissuesthanfixes.Afterall,astitchintimesavesnine.4.WhatistheoriginalfunctionofAirTag?A.Totrackone'slocationsecretly.

B.Tohelpfindone'seasilylostitems.

C.Tolocateone'sphoneaccurately.

D.Toensurethesafetyofone'sphone.5.WhydidtheauthorscanstoriesaboutAirTag?A.Herex-husbandtrackedherviaAirTag.

B.Manypeoplesufferedfromsecurityproblem.

C.AirTagwasanewlyreleasedelectronicdevice.

D.Sheintendedtoknowaboutitsgreatconvenience.6.WhatisadvisedtodowhenyouarefollowedbyanunwantedAirTag?A.Haveitupdated. B.Makeitunabletowork.

C.Paynoattentiontoit. D.Contactitsoriginalowner.7.Whatarethelasttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Peopleshouldkeeppacewiththetimes.

B.Peopleshouldusetechnologyinaproperway.

C.Peopleshouldhandlepotentialdigitalrisksactively.

D.Peopleshouldbeartheresponsibilitytofixthebugsbravely.CWhydowechoosetohelponeanother?Therearemanyreasons.Youmaybeaselflesspersonorlendingahandmaybeaculturalexpectation.Now,researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderfulingredientthatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.Indeedthebettersleepyouhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand.Andasurprisingnewsetofresearchstudieshavefoundthatsleeplossmayaffectourgenerosityatdifferentlevels.ResearchersatUniversityofCalifornia,Berkley,ledthreesmallstudiestoexploregenerosity.Inonestudy,theyexposedagroupofhealthyadultstoanightof8hoursofsleepandanightwithnosleep.Researchersscannedtheparticipants'brainsaftereachnight.Afterasleeplessnight,areasofthebraininvolvedinempathyandhelpingbehaviorwerelessactive.Infact,whenthestudyparticipantsweresleeplessatnight,78%ofthemdemonstratedareductioninthedesiretohelpothers.Inthenextstudy,researcherstracked136peoplethroughonlinequestionnairesandsleepdiariesforafewdays.Theywantedtoseeifnightlyvariationsinsleepaffectedtheirdesiretohelpothers.Theyfoundthat,whensleepqualityworsenedfromonenighttothenext,therewasamajordecreasein"helpingchoices"andviceversa.Thethirdstudylookedathowsleeplossaffectedgenerosityonalargerscale.Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromover3millioncharitabledonationsmadeintheU.S..TheyfocusedondonationsduringthetransitiontoDaylightSavingTime(DST)inspringeachyear.Duringthespringtimechange,weloseanhourofsleep.Interestingly,researchersfounda10%dropindonationsinregionsthatchangetheirclocks.Thisdropwasn'tseeninregionsthatdidn'tobservethetimechange.Itshowedthatinsufficientsleeptriggeredbythetimechangeimpacteddonationbehavior.Alltheseresultssuggestthatinsufficientsleepmakesuslesscompassionateandhelpful.Throughouttheworld,morethanhalfofadultsdon'tgetenoughsleepduringtheworkweek,butweshouldallstartvaluingadequatesleepratherthantreatingitlikesomethingoptionalorunproductive.Ifso,itwillenableustobemorehelpfulandtobethebestversionsofourselves.8.What'sthewritingpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tostartaheateddiscussion.

B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.

C.Topresentasocialphenomenon.

D.Toshowtheauthor'sconclusion.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"alacrity"meaninthesecondparagraph?A.Understanding. B.Ability. C.Awareness. D.Eagerness.10.Whatcanweinferfromthethreestudies?A.PeopleobservingDSTarelikelytodonateless.

B.Peoplechangetheirclockstohavemoreempathy.

C.Sleepqualitydeterminesthedesiretogiveahand.

D.Sleeplosscanseverelyaffecthelpingbehavior.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.SleepTriggersBehavior

B.AdequateSleep:AHealthyPerson

C.SleepInfluencesGenerosity

D.SoundSleep:AProductivePersonDAlarminglevelsofdangerouschemicalsknownasPerfluorinatedAlkylatedSubstances(PFAS)werediscoveredinfoodpackagingatanumberofwell-knownfast-foodrestaurantsandgrocerystorechains,anewreportfound.ThereportcomesmorethantwoyearsintotheCovid-19pandemic,whenthepublichasreliedheavilyontakeoutandgrocerydeliveries.Oftencalled"foreverchemicals"becausetheydonotbreakdownintheenvironment,PFASareusedinfoodpackagingtopreventgrease(油脂)andwaterfromsoakingthroughfoodwrappersandcups.PFAScanalsobefoundintheinkusedtoprintlogosandinstructionsonfoodcontainers.TheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventioncallsexposuretoPFASa"publichealthconcern",citingthatthehuman-madechemicalscanharmtheimmunesystemandreduceaperson'sresistancetoinfectiousdiseases.RegulatorylimitsforhowmuchPFASfoodpackagingshouldcontaincanvarygreatly.Forinstance,anewlawinCaliforniasetthelimitatlessthan100ppm."ComparedtoAmerica,Denmarksetsamuchlowerregulatorylimitof20ppmwithgreatsuccess,"saidXeniaTrier,anexpertattheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency."Itdoesworktosetlimitsandenforcethem.PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.Ingeneral,transmissionfrompackagingtofoodisincreasedasthetemperatureofthefoodrises.Itisthesamewiththetimespentinwrappingmaterials."TriertoldNBS,oneofthemajorAmericanmass-mediacompanies.Inresponsetotheissue,WholeFoodsbecamethefirstgrocerychaintopubliclycommittoremovePFASfromtakeoutcontainersandbakerypaper.Manyothercompaniesfollowedsuit.ExpertssaypeoplewhowanttoavoidPFASintheirtakeoutandfooddeliverypackagingshouldfavorcompaniesthathavepromisedtoremovethechemicals."Assoonasyoureceiveyourtakeout,you'dbettertakefoodoutofthecontainerimmediately,andneverreheatfoodinitsoriginalcontainer.Instead,removeyourfoodandheatitinceramic(陶瓷的)orglasscontainers."Triersaid.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutPFASinfoodpackaging?A.Theyhavebeenusedfortwoyears.

B.Theydolittleharmtoconsumers'health.

C.Theyareusedtobreakdownthechemicals.

D.Theycanmakewrappersresistanttogreaseandwater.13.WhatisXeniaTrier'sattitudetosettingalowerlimitofPFAS?A.Favorable. B.Neutral. C.Ambiguous. D.Opposed.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"refertoinparagraph4?A.Considerablemigrationofgreaseandwater.

B.PFAStransmissionfrompackagingtofood.

C.Wrapperexposuretohighfoodtemperature.

D.Regulatorylimitsconcerningfoodpackaging.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Foodpackagingcontainsdangerouschemicals.

B.ConsumersarerecommendedtohavePFAS—freeproducts.

C.PFASfoundinfoodpackaginghasbecomeagreatconcern.

D.ThegovernmenthastakenmeasurestoreducePFASexposure.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Youdon'tneedtobeanastronomerwithagianttelescopetoenjoyasimplebutspellbindingactivity:stargazing.

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It'ssointerestingtodiscoverwhat'sgoingon.Withabitofpractice,andknow—howfrombooksandwebsites,stargazerscanspotparticularstarsandalsogroupsofstars.Thereisplentytotakeinusingjustyoureyesbutsomepeopleuseatelescopeforamoredetailedlook.Forthebestresults,chooseaclearnightwhenthemoonisnotverybright.

(2)

Itcanbehardertoseethestarsintownsandcities.Itisbecauseoflightpollution.Thenightskyisbrightenedbylightfromstreetlamps,shopsandcarheadlights.Thebestplacesforstargazingareopen,hillyareasorthecoast.

(3)

Itisourhomegalaxystretchingacrossthenightskyandisbestseeninsummerandfalleveningskies.Ifthefullmoonisup,itwillbehardtosee.Trygoingforanighthikeinstead!Letyoureyesadjusttothemoonlightandkeepyourflashlightturnedoff.

(4)

Thatiscampinginanationalparkunderastar-filledsky.Manynationalparksoffervariousnightskyprograms,fromtelescopeastronomyeventstofullmoonwalkswithrangers.Besides,nationalparksarealsogreatplacestoknowabouttheanimalsthatareawakeatnightandasleepduringtheday.Sitquietlyandlistenforthesecreatures.Whenyouheadoutatnight,alwaysgowithanadult.Dresswarmlyandtakeablanketorachairtositon,plusahotdrinktowarmyouup.Youmightwanttotakeacamerawithyouaswell,soyoucantakeaphotoifyouseesomethingamazinginthesky.Awholenewworldcomesaliveatnightandiswaitingtobeexplored.

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A.Getpreparedforthewonderabove.B.Justgooutsideatnightandlookup.C.Youaresupposedtoavoidthefullmoon.D.Italsomatterswhichdirectionyouobserve.E.Intheseplaces,youcanlookfortheMilkyWay.F.Whatisthebetterwaytoexperiencethegreatwonder?G.Wheredoyouprefertohaveastargazingtripatnight?16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）MynameisSaraLifromChina.Lastspring,myfamilymovedtoPortland.Our

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homehadnoyard.Somyparents

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anindoorgarden.MamaplantedseedsinpotsandPapahungthemfromhooks.Withgreenvinesofplants

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down,thehouselooksratherfantastic.Jill,agardening

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livingnextdoor,spentmuchtimeatmyhome.Onemorning,Jillandhermothercametomyfamily.Onarrival,Jill'smothersaid,"Jill

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yourgarden.Shehastoldmesomuchaboutit."

Mamaexplainedthatshehadlearnedhowto

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smallspace.Withaglowineyes,Jill'smotherasked

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,"Canyouhelpuswitha

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?Ourcommunitywantstoplantsomuchbutourplotisverysmall."

PapaandMamanoddedwith

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.Thatafternoon,everyoneinthecommunityagreedto

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.Neighborsbroughtseeds,toolsanddirt.Thenextdaywestartedtheproject.Papabuiltboxesofdifferentsizes.Wefilledthemwith

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.Thetalleststoodagainstthebackwallwhilethe

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wasinthefront.It

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thatalltheplantswouldgetsunlight.Allsummer,JillandIworkedthere.Autumnapproaching,wepickedenoughtohaveacookoutforthecommunity,everyone

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thejoyofharvest.IwassoproudthatPapaandMama

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abitofourstoPortland.21.

A.big B.green C.new D.sweet22.

A.made B.rebuilt C.explored D.decorated23.

A.sliding B.hanging C.climbing D.running24.

A.dealer B.agent C.expert D.enthusiast25.

A.spots B.admires C.expects D.examines26.

A.takeup B.searchfor C.makeuseof D.fitinwith27.

A.eagerly B.proudly C.casually D.patiently28.

A.routine B.project C.business D.campaign29.

A.hesitation B.respect C.gratitude D.pleasure30.

A.donate B.continue C.contribute D.dig31.

A.dirt B.water C.seeds D.tools32.

A.mostbeautiful B.mostspecial C.freshest D.shortest33.

A.proved B.suggested C.guaranteed D.confirmed34.

A.showing B.sharing C.finding D.treasuring35.

A.lent B.left C.gave D.brought四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.Withahistoryofmorethan2,000years,theSilkRoutedatesbacktoHandynasty.Throughthisroute,theChinesehighly

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(qualify)silkmadeitsfametothewesterncountries.Themerchantsindifferentregions

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(seek)theopportunityoftradingChinesesilk

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theyindeedmadetheirfortunealongthisroute.Thatroutefunctioned

(4)

thelifebloodofinternationaltradeatthattime.Meanwhile,theChinesecivilization

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(introduce)totheWesterncountriesandviceversa.TheSilkRoutewasconsideredasanewchapter

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(record)thefriendshipbetweentheEuropeanandAsianpeoples.Throughoutalltheseyears,manygreatfigureshavemadesignificantcontributionstothedevelopmentoftheSilkRoute.Today,theSilkRoutehasa

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(poet)namecalledOneBeltOneRoad,aimingtohelpthoseconnectedregionsincultureandeconomyexchangewithamoreadvancedroad.Themaincitiesalongsideitarebecoming

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(large)andmoreimportantinhelpingtradeandcultureexchange.Manycountrieshavegainedgreat

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(benefit)alongthetradingprocess.Allinall,theancientSilkRoadismorelike

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historicaltextbookforeveryonetoreadandtoknowaboutwhathappenedduringthatancienttime.IthasbeenplayingasignificantroleinthedevelopmentofthecivilizationsofChina.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、任务型读写（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）37.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。MybestfriendCarlaHernandezcalledmeonThursdayafternoon."Daniel,meetmeintheparkneartheplaygroundinfiveminutes.Ihaveagreatidea!"ThisworriedmebecauseCarla'sgreatideasalmostalwaysmeantbigtroubleforme!Idashedoutsideandjoggedtothepark.WhenIsawCarla,myheartsankbecauseherlargedogPerrowaswithher.IlikedeverythingaboutCarlaexceptPerro.Ihadneverhadapetinmyhouse,andIfeltuncomfortableandnervousaroundanimals.ButIwasembarrassedtosayIwasafraidofCarla'sdog.Uponmyarrival,Carlasmiledinajoyfulvoice."Isn'tthistheperfectlocationforapetshow?"Iwassurprisedatherwords.Carlaexplainedtomethatallthekidsintheneighborhoodcouldshowofftheirpets'talentsanddemonstratedthethingstheydidwell.Besides,therewereplentyofcomfortablebenchesforourparentsandfriendstositonasaudience.CarlaaddedthatIcouldbetheannouncersinceIdidn'thaveapetfortheshow.Whatshesaiddirectlyaffectedmymoodbecausecrowdsalwaysmademenervousandunsure.Lookingintohereyes,Iapologized,"I'msorry,butthat'simpossible!Besides,Idon'tlikeanimals,remember?""That'snonsense,"saidCarla."There'snothingtobeconcernedaboutbecauseyou'llbegreat!"Justatthattime,Perroleapedup,slobberedalloverme,andalmostknockedmedown."Yuck.Down,Perro!Stay!"Ishouted.Perrosatasstillasastatue."Wow,you'regoodatthat,"Carlaraisedhervoiceexcitedly."Nowlet'sgetstartedbecausewehavealottodo."Withherencouragement,Idecidedtohaveatry.Aftergoingbackhome,Icouldn'twaittopractiseannouncingeachpet'sact.BySaturdaymorningIhadpracticedhundredsoftimes.However,mystomachwasdoingflipflopsbythetimetheaudiencearrivedatthepark.Thesizeofthecrowdmademefeelevenmoreanxious.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Whentheshowbegan,Itookadeepbreathandannouncedthefirstpet.______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

ThenitwasCarlaandPerro'sturn.______________________________________________________

​​​​​​​______________________________________________________六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）38.假定你是李华，你校将组织师生进行一次远足活动，请用英语给外教Jason写一封邮件邀请他一起参加，内容包括：

1.活动时间和地点；

2.注意事项；3.表达期待。注意：

1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearJason,________________________________________________________

​​​​​​​________________________________________________________

Yours,LiHua

答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、D、A【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了可以在亚马逊上购买的几本诗歌。

1.

根据SeedsfromaBirchTree—byClarkStrand部分下的“Itsmessagewassimple:Haikuteachesustoreturntonaturebyfollowingtheseasons—seventeensyllablesatatime.(它传达的信息很简单:Haiku教会我们通过顺应季节回归自然——一次十七个音节。)”和“Kindle$9.99,Hardcover$26.80,Paperback$16.95(Kindle售价9.99美元，精装版26.80美元，平装版16.95美元)”可知，如果你要买一本精装版的Haiku，你会付26.8美元，故选C。

2.

根据APoemforEveryDay—byAllieEsiri部分中的“Thisaudiobookisacollectionof366poemswhichlinktoeventsonkeydates—funnyforAprilFool'sDay,festiveforChristmas.(这本有声书收录了366首诗歌，这些诗歌都与关键日期的事件有关——愚人节和圣诞节都很有趣。)”可知，APoemforEveryDay专注于节日庆祝，故选D。

3.

根据最后一段中的TherearealargenumberofpoetrycollectionsonAmazon.Moreinformation,pleaseclickhere.（亚马逊上有大量的诗集，更多信息，请点击这里。）可知，本文可能选自一个网站，故选A。

4~7.【答案】B、A、B、C【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AirTag这种小程序可以被人用来追踪他人，介绍了其最初的功能以及如何防止被追踪。

1.

根据第一段中的Thissmalldeviceaimedatmakingourliveseasierwasoriginallydesignedtoendthetroubleoflosingkeys,walletsorotherlittleobjects.（这个旨在让我们的生活更轻松的小设备最初是为了解决丢失钥匙、钱包或其他小物件的麻烦而设计的。）可知，AirTag最初的功能是帮助寻找容易丢失的物品。故选B。

2.

根据第一段中的Myex-husbandwasanearlyadopteroftheAirTag.HeandIhadafallingout,leadingtoadivorcebattle.Inordertowincustodybattle,heusedthelittledevicetotrackme.（我前夫是AirTag的早期使用者。我和他闹翻了，闹出了离婚大战。为了赢得抚养权，他用那个小装置跟踪我。）可知，作者浏览有关AirTag的故事是因为她的前夫通过AirTag追踪到她。故选A。

3.

根据倒数第二段中的IfyoufindanunwantedAirTagfollowingyou,don'tpanic.Justdisableit.（如果你发现一个不需要的AirTag跟踪你，不要惊慌。禁用它。）可知，当你后面跟着一个不需要的AirTag时，建议使它无法工作。故选B。

4.

根据倒数第二段内容（人们发现这种数字设备有被滥用的可能。重要的是如何避免危险。自从AirTag上市以来，苹果公司很快就对其功能进行了更新。与此同时，苹果也改善了客户服务来处理这类错误。如果你发现一个不需要的AirTag跟踪你，不要惊慌。禁用它。你可以按照苹果设备上的提示来了解有关禁用该设备的更多信息。一旦你完成了上述步骤，标记的原始所有者就不能再跟踪你了。）以及最后一段内容（几乎所有的数字技术都会产生安全问题。没有人可以住在洞穴里而不受影响。在享受它的便利的同时，你需要意识到它带来的风险，并知道如何应对它们。在安全问题上，预防比修复更有效。毕竟，一针及时省九针。）可知，最后两段主要讲的是人们应该积极应对潜在的数字风险。故选C。

8~11.【答案】B、D、A、C【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了睡眠与人们帮助他人的行为有关，事实上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。

1.

根据第一段内容（为什么我们选择互相帮助？原因有很多。你可能是一个无私的人，或者伸出援助之手可能是一种文化期望。）可知，第一段提出了我们可能帮助别人的原因，第二段中的Now,researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderfulingredientthatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.（现在，研究人员提出了一种可能性，即良好的睡眠可能是一种极好的成分，可以促进人与人之间提供帮助的敏捷性。）指出一项研究表明，良好的睡眠有助于人类去帮助别人，这是文章的主题，由此可推知，第一段的写作目的是引出文章话题，故选B。

2.

根据划线单词下文Indeedthebettersleepyouhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand.（事实上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。）可知，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。换言之，良好的睡眠促使人们乐意去帮助别人，由此可推知，划线单词“alacrity”意为“乐意”，与D项“Eagerness.(渴望)”意思相近，故选D。

3.

根据倒数第三段中的TheyfocusedondonationsduringthetransitiontoDaylightSavingTime(DST)inspringeachyear.Duringthespringtimechange,weloseanhourofsleep.（他们把重点放在了每年春季向夏令时过渡期间的捐款上。在春季的时间变化中，我们失去了一个小时的睡眠。）和倒数第二段中的Interestingly,researchersfounda10%dropindonationsinregionsthatchangetheirclocks.（有趣的是，研究人员发现，在改变生物钟的地区，捐赠减少了10%。）可推知，用夏时制的人们可能会捐赠较少。故选A。

4.

通读全文，尤其是第二段中的Now,researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderfulingredientthatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.Indeedthebettersleepyouhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand.（现在，研究人员正在提高这样一种可能性，即良好的睡眠可能是促进人类之间提供帮助的快捷性的一种奇妙成分。事实上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。）可知，文章主要讲述了睡眠与人们帮助他人的行为有关，事实上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。C项“睡眠影响慷慨”适合做文章标题，故选C。

12~15.【答案】D、A、B、C【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食品包装中发现全氟烷基化物质，这已经成为一个备受关注的问题。

1.

根据第二段中的Oftencalled"foreverchemicals"becausetheydonotbreakdownintheenvironment,PFASareusedinfoodpackagingtopreventgreaseandwaterfromsoakingthroughfoodwrappersandcups.（PFAS通常被称为“永久化学品”，因为它们在环境中不会分解，它被用于食品包装，以防止油脂和水渗入食品包装纸和杯子。）可知，食品包装中的PFAS可以使包装物耐油脂和水。故选D。

2.

根据第四段中的"ComparedtoAmerica,Denmarksetsamuchlowerregulatorylimitof20ppmwithgreatsuccess,"saidXeniaTrier,anexpertattheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency.（欧洲环境署的专家XeniaTrier说：“与美国相比，丹麦设定了低得多的20ppm的监管限制，取得了巨大成功。”）可知，对于设定更低的PFAS下限，XeniaTrier持有支持态度。故选A。

3.

根据第四段中的PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.（PFAS确实从纸张转移到了食品中。尽管它不是100%，但我们仍然看到了相当大的传播。）可知，句中it指代上文提及的“PFAS从纸张转移到食品中”。故选B。

4.

根据第一段内容（一份新的报告发现，在许多知名快餐店和连锁杂货店的食品包装中发现了危险化学物质全氟烷基化物质(PFAS)，其含量达到了惊人的水平。该报告是在新冠疫情爆发两年多后发布的，当时公众严重依赖外卖和食品杂货配送。）以及第三段中的TheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventioncallsexposuretoPFASa"publichealthconcern",citingthatthehuman-madechemicalscanharmtheimmunesystemandreduceaperson'sresistancetoinfectiousdiseases.（美国疾病控制和预防中心称接触PFAS是一种“公共卫生问题”，理由是人造化学物质会损害免疫系统，降低人对传染病的抵抗力。）可知，本文主要介绍了食品包装中发现全氟烷基化物质，这已经成为一个备受关注的问题。故选C。

16~20.【答案】B、C、E、F、A【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了观星这一简单但引人入胜的活动，并就如何更好地观星给出建议。

1.

上文Youdon'tneedtobeanastronomerwithagianttelescopetoenjoyasimplebutspellbindingactivity:stargazing.（你不需要成为一个拥有巨大望远镜的天文学家，就可以享受一项简单但引人入胜的活动：观星。）说明想要享受观星这一活动不需要有巨大的望远镜，它很简单，B项“晚上出去抬头看看就好了。”介绍观星的简单方法，承接上文，符合题意。故选B。

2.

上文Forthebestresults,chooseaclearnightwhenthemoonisnotverybright.（为了获得最佳效果，请选择一个月亮不太亮的晴朗夜晚。）说明观星时，夜晚的月亮不要太亮，C项“你应该避开满月。”承接上文，符合题意。故选C。

3.

上文Thebestplacesforstargazingareopen,hillyareasorthecoast.（观星的最佳地点是开阔的丘陵地区或海岸。）说明观星的最佳地点，以及下文Itisourhomegalaxystretchingacrossthenightskyandisbestseeninsummerandfalleveningskies.（它是我们的银河系，横跨夜空，在夏季和秋季的夜空中最为明显。）介绍银河系的相关信息，E项中theMilkyWay表示“银河系”，是关键词，E项“在这些地方，你可以寻找银河系。”承上启下，“theseplaces”代指上文提到的“open,hillyareasorthecoast.”。故选E。

4.

下文Thatiscampinginanationalparkunderastar-filledsky.（那就是在星空下的国家公园里露营。）说明体验观星的最好方式就是在星空下的国家公园里露营，F项“体验这一伟大奇迹的更好方式是什么？”提出问题，引出下文的答案，符合题意，和下文构成一问一答。故选F。

5.

上文Youmightwanttotakeacamerawithyouaswell,soyoucantakeaphotoifyouseesomethingamazinginthesky.Awholenewworldcomesaliveatnightandiswaitingtobeexplored.（你可能也想带上相机，这样如果你在天空中看到了令人惊叹的东西，你就可以拍张照片了。一个全新的世界在夜晚活跃起来，等待着探索。）介绍为观星这一活动所做的准备，A项中prepared是关键词，A项“为上空的奇迹做好准备。”承接上文，符合题意。故选A。

21~35.【答案】C、A、B、D、B、C、A、B、D、C、A、D、C、B、D【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家搬到了波兰，新家没有院子，于是父母在室内做了一个花园。邻居吉尔很喜欢作者家的花园，她的妈妈更是邀请作者父母帮忙做一个项目，即利用社区狭小空间来种植植物。项目开始时，社区的人都来帮忙。秋天来了，作者和吉尔采摘了足够多的野炊食物，这样每个人都能分享收获的喜悦。

1.

句意：我们的新家没有院子。A.big大的；B.green绿色的；C.new新的；D.sweet甜的。由上文“Lastspring,myfamilymovedtoPortland.(去年春天，我们全家搬到了波特兰。)”可知，此处指我们的新家，故选C。

2.

句意：所以我的父母做了一个室内花园。A.made制作；B.rebuilt重建；C.explored探索；D.decorated装饰。由下文“MamaplantedseedsinpotsandPapahungthemfromhooks.(妈妈把种子种在花盆里，爸爸把它们挂在钩子上。)”可知，父母做了一个室内花园，故选A。

3.

句意：绿色的藤蔓植物垂下来，房子看起来相当漂亮。A.sliding滑行；B.hanging悬挂；垂下；C.climbing爬；D.running跑步。由上文“Papahungthemfromhooks(爸爸把它们挂在钩子上)”可知，藤蔓植物垂下来，故选B。

4.

句意：吉尔是我家隔壁的一位园艺爱好者，她在我家待了很长时间。A.dealer商人；B.agent代理人；C.expert专家；D.enthusiast热衷者。由下文“spentmuchtimeatmyhome.”和下段中“Shehastoldmesomuchaboutit.(她跟我说了很多关于它的事。)”可知，吉尔很喜欢作者家的花园，由此可知，她是一个园艺爱好者，故选D。

5.

句意：到达后，吉尔的母亲说:“吉尔很欣赏你的花园。”A.spots认出；B.admires钦佩；欣赏；C.expects期望；D.examines检查。由下文“Shehastoldmesomuchaboutit.(她跟我说了很多关于它的事)”可知，吉尔很欣赏作者家的花园，故选B。

6.

句意：妈妈解释说，她已经学会了如何利用狭小的空间。A.takeup从事；B.searchfor寻找；C.makeuseof利用；D.fitinwith适应。由下文“smallspace.”和上文提到的作者一家在家里建造了一个花园可知，此处指吉尔的母亲说，她已经学会如何利用狭小的空间了，故选C。

7.

句意：吉尔的妈妈眼睛里闪着光，渴望地问道:“你能帮我们做一个项目吗？”A.eagerly渴望地；B.proudly骄傲地；C.casually随便；D.patiently耐心地。由上文“Withaglowineyes,Jill'smotherasked”可知，吉尔的妈妈想让作者一家帮忙，所以此处指渴望地问，故选A。

8.

句意同上。A.routine路线；B.project项目；C.business商业；D.campaign活动。由下文“Thenextdaywestartedtheproject.”可知，此处指一个项目，project属于同词复现，故选B。

9.

句意：爸爸妈妈高兴地点点头。A.hesitation犹豫；B.respect尊敬；C.gratitude感恩；D.pleasure快乐；高兴。由上文“PapaandMamanoddedwith”可知，爸爸妈妈乐意帮忙，所以是高兴地点点头，故选D。

10.

句意：那天下午，社区里的每个人都同意出力。A.donate捐赠；B.continue继续；C.contribute做贡献；出力；D.dig挖。由下文“Neighborsbroughtseeds,toolsanddirt.(邻居们带来了种子，工具和泥土。)”可知，社区里的人都过来帮忙，即出力，故选C。

11.

句意：我们用泥土填满它们。A.dirt泥土；B.water水；C.seeds种子；D.tools工具。由上文“Papabuiltboxesofdifferentsizes(爸