英沃国际英语-大学英语六级测试卷3

英沃国际英语EnglishToTheWorld不定期提供新增押题测试卷，高分从押题开始英沃国际英语EnglishToTheWorld英沃国际英语-大学英语六级测试卷3（满分461.5，及格分276.25，时间1h35m）PartIWriting(30minutes)满分106.5Directions:Nowadays,peoplearegettingmoreaddictedtolivestream.Somethinkthattheycangetalotmoreinformationaboutthecutting-edgetechnologyorthelatestnewsinseconds,whileotherstakeisasthemainreasonfornotbeingabletofocusonstudying.For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

30

minutes

to

write

a

short

essay

toshowyouropinion.

You

should

write

at

least

120

words

but

no

more

than

180

words.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)满分248.5Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.SectionAQuestions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this （26）, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.   To the professional anthropologist (人类学家), there is no intrinsic（27）of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy(等级制度) among languages.   People once thought of the languages of backward groups as （28） and undeveloped forms of speech,consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of  grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Mostlanguages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the（29）of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or（30）structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which(31)the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however,two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to（32）the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in"backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly（33）and complicated.   This study of language, in turn, （34）a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed（35）, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.savageB.superiorityC.conceiveD.transferE.identificationF.grammaticalG.reflectH.revealsI.numerousJ.independentlyK.exclusiveL.castsM.senseN.confidentiallyO.possessSectionBHow Ozone Pollution Works A) The weather report on the radio or TV tells you that it is going to be sunny and hot and that an orange ozone alert has been issued. What is ozone? What does an orange alert mean? Why should you be concerned about it? In this article, we will examine what ozone is, how it is produced, what health hazards it poses and what you can do to reduce ozone pollution.B) Ozone is a molecule of three oxygen atoms bound together (O3). It is unstable and highly reactive. Ozone is used as a bleach, a deodorizing agent, and a sterilization agent for air and drinking water. At low concentrations, it is toxic. Ozone is found naturally in small concentrations in the stratosphere, a layer of Earth’s upper atmosphere. In this upper atmosphere, ozone is made when ultraviolet light from the sun splits an oxygen molecule (O2), forming two single oxygen atoms. If a freed atom collides with an oxygen molecule, it becomes ozone. Stratospheric ozone has been called “good” ozone because it protects the Earth’s surface from dangerous ultraviolet light.C) Ozone can also be found in the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere. Tropospheric ozone (often termed “ bad ” ozone) is man - made, a result of air pollution from internal combustion engines and power plants. Automobile exhaust and industrial emissions release a family of nitrogen oxide gases (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), by-products of burning gasoline and coal. NOx and VOC combinechemically with oxygen to form ozone during sunny, high- temperature conditions of late spring, summer and early fall. High levels of ozone are usually formed in the heat of the afternoon and early evening, dissipating during the cooler nights. D) Although ozone pollution is formed mainly in urban and suburban areas, it ends up in rural areas as well, carried by prevailing winds or resulting from cars and trucks that travel into rural areas. Significant levels of ozone pollution can be detected in rural areas as far as 250 miles downwind from urban industrial zones. E) You can make ozone test strips to detect and monitor ozone levels in your own backyard or around your school. You will need corn starch, filter paper (coffee filters work well) and potassium iodide (can be ordered from a science education supplier such as Carolina Biological Supply or Fisher Scientific). Basically, you make a paste from water, corn starch and potassium-iodide, and you paint this paste on strips of filter paper. You then expose the strips to the air for eight hours. Ozone in the air will react with the potassium iodide to change the color of the strip. You will also need to know the relative humidity, which you can get from a newspaper, weather broadcast or home weather station.F) When you inhale ozone, it travels throughout your respiratory tract. Because ozone is very corrosive, it damages the bronchioles and alveoli in your lungs, air sacs that are important for gas exchange. Repeated exposure to ozone can inflame lung tissues and cause respiratory infections.G) Ozone exposure can aggravate existing respiratory conditions such as asthma, reduce your lung function and capacity for exercise and cause chest pains and coughing. Young children, adults who are active outdoors and people with respiratory diseases are most susceptible to the high levels of ozone encountered during the summer. In addition to effects on humans, the corrosive nature of ozone can damage plants and trees. High levels of ozone can destroy agricultural crops and forest vegetation.H) To protect yourself from ozone exposure, you should be aware of the Air Quality Index (AQI) in your area every day—you can usually find it in the newspaper or on a morning weather forecast on TV or radio. You should also be familiar with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guide for ozone-alert values. I) What do the numbers in the AQI mean? The AQI measures concentrations of five air pollutants： ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. The EPA has chosen these pollutants as criteria pollutants, but these are not all of the pollutants in the air. These concentrations are compared to a standard set out in federal law. An index value of 100 means that all of the criteria pollutants are at the maximum level that is considered safe for the majority of the population. To reduce your exposure to ozone, you should avoid exercising during afternoon and early evening hours in the summer.J) There are several ways you can help to decrease ozone pollution. Limit using your automobile during afternoon and early evening hours in the late spring, summer and early fall. Do not use gasoline-powered lawn equipment during these times. Do not fuel your car during these times. Do not light fires or outdoor grills during these times. Keep the engine of your car or boat tuned. Make sure that your tires are properly inflated. Use environmentally safe paints, cleaning and office products (some of these chemicals are sources of VOC).K) Besides personal attempts to reduce ozone pollution, the EPA has initiated more stringent air-quality standards (such as the Clean Air Act and its modifications) to reduce air pollution. Compliance with these standards by industries, manufacturers and state and local governments has significantly reduced the levels of many common air pollutants. L) With continued conservation and reduction practices, adherence to ozone-pollution warnings, research and government regulation, ozone-pollution levels should continue to fall. Perhaps future generations will not be threatened by this environmental pollutant.M) The thing that determines whether ozone is good or bad is its location. Ozone is ‘‘good，，when it is in the stratosphere. The stratosphere is a layer of the atmosphere starting at the level of about 6 miles (about 10 kilometers) above sea level. The stratosphere naturally contains about six parts per million of ozone, and this ozone is very beneficial because it absorbs UV radiation and prevents it from reaching us. N) Ozone is “bad” when it is at ground level. Ozone is a very reactive gas that is hard on lung tissue. It alsodamages plants and buildings. Any ozone at ground level is a problem. Unfortunately, chemicals in car exhaust and chemicals produced by some industries react with light to produce lots of ozone at ground level. In cities, the ozone level can rise to a point where it becomes hazardous to our health. That’s when you hear about an ozone warning on the news.36. When ultraviolet rays from the sun separate an oxygen molecule into two single oxygen atoms in the stratosphere, the combination of a single oxygen atom and an oxygen molecule forms ozone. 37. You can make ozone test strips by yourself to find out about ozone levels in your own locale. 38. Long-time exposure to ozone is badly harmful to our respiratory system. 39. Chemicals in industrial waste gas and vehicle exhaust react with light to form lots of ozone at ground level. 40. Internal combustion engines and power plants cause the artificial tropospheric ozone, also known as “bad” ozone.   41. Ozone is very helpful because it absorbs UV radiation and separates us from it. 42. Using gasoline-powered lawn equipment in the late spring, summer and early fall may increase ozone pollution.   43. Ozone pollution occurs in urban and suburban areas as well as in rural areas.44. In order to decrease ozone pollution, the EPA has set up more rigorous air-quality standards. 45. Pay close attention to the Air Quality Index in your area every day can keep you away from ozone exposure. SectionCPassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia,one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train.One of the looters,Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan,suddenly notices the camera and snatches it.Am I in this?he asks,before smashing it open.To the dismayed reporter,Lawrence explains,He thinks these things will steal his virtue.He thinks you're a kind of thief.As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands,stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic.The ignorant natives may have had a point.When photography first became available,scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts.But in some ways,anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.Up into the 1950s and 1960s,many ethnographers sought pure pictures of primitive cultures,routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress.They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties,often with little regard for veracity.Edward Curtis,the legendary photographer of North American Indians,for example,got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915--even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation.These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated,primitive,and unchanging.For instance,National Geographic magazine's photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures.As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic,the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white,middle-class American conventions.While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops,for example,white women's breasts are taboo.Photos that could unsettle or disturb,such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine,are discarded in favor of those that reassure,to conform with the society's stated pledge to present only kindly visions of foreign societies.The result,Lutz and Collins say,is the depiction of an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict.Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot.She read the magazine as a child,and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career.She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures,they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.46.The main idea of the passage is______________. [A]Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values. [B]There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples. [C]Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales. [D]Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures,compromising the truthfulness of their pictures. 47.We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often_________. [A]took pictures with the natives [B]gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands[C]ask for pictures from the natives [D]gave the natives clocks and Western dresses 48.The author mentions the movie Lawrence of Arabia to___________. [A]show how people in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners. [B]illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues. [C]show how anthropologists portray untruthful pictures of native people. [D]show the cruel and barbarian side of the native people. 49.“But in some ways,anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.”In this sentence,the“one[culture]that stares back”refers to_______.the indigenous culture the Western culture the academic culture [D]the news business culture 50.With which of the following statements would Catherine Lutz most probably agree? [A]Reporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modern elements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies. [B]The primitive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western culture. [C]The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies. [D]People in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values. Passage2Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage：The

British

Medical

Journal

recently

featured

a

strong

response

to

what

was

judged

aninappropriately

lenient

reaction

by

a

medical

school

to

a

student

cheating

in

anexamination.Although

we

have

insufficient

reliable

data

about

the

extent

of

this

phenomenon,itsprevention,or

its

effective

management,much

can

be

concluded

and

acted

upon

on

the

basis

ofcommon

sense

and

concepts

with

face

validity.There

is

general

agreement

that

there

should

be

zero

tolerance

of

cheating

in

a

professionbased

on

trust

and

one

on

which

human

lives

depend.It

is

reasonable

to

assume

that

cheaters

inmedical

school

will

be

more

likely

than

others

to

continue

to

act

dishonestly

withpatients,colleagues,insurers,an

government.The

behaviours

under

question

are

multifactorial

in

origin.There

are

familial,religious,andculturalvalues

that

are

acquired

long

before

medical

school.For

example,countries,cultures,andsubcultures

exist

where

bribes

and

dishonest

behaviour

are

almost

a

norm.There

are

secondaryschools

in

which

neither

staff

nor

students

tolerate

cheating

and

others

where

cheating

isrampant;there

are

homes

which

imbue

young

people

with

high

standards

of

ethical

behaviour

andothers

which

leave

ethical

training

to

the

harmful

influence

of

television

and

the

market

place.

Medical

schools

reflect

society

and

cannot

be

expected

to

remedy

all

the

ills

of

a

society.Theselection

process

of

medical

students

might

be

expected

to

favour

candidates

with

integrity

andpositive

ethical

behaviour

-if

one

had

a

reliable

method

for

detecting

such

characteristics

inadvance.Medical

schools

should

be

the

major

focus

of

attention

for

imbuing

future

doctors

withintegrity

and

ethical

sensitivity

Unfortunately

there

are

troubling,if

inconclusive,data

that

suggestthat

during

medical

school

the

ethical

behaviour

of

medical

students

does

not

necessarilyimprove;indeed,moral

development

may

actually

stop

or

even

regress.The

creation

of

a

pervasive

institutional

culture

of

integrity

is

essential.It

is

critical

that

theacademic

and

clinical

leaders

of

the

institution

set

a

personal

example

of

integrity.Medical

schoolsmust

make

their

institutional

position

and

their

expectations

of

students

absolutely

clear

from

dayone.The

development

of

a

school's

culture

of

integrity

requires

a

partnership

with

the

students

inwhich

they

play

an

active

role

in

its

creation

and

nurturing.Moreover,the

school's

examinationsystem

and

general

treatment

of

students

must

be

perceived

as

fair.Finally,the

treatment

ofinfractions

must

be

firm,fair,transparent,and

consistent.

51.What

does

the

author

say

about

cheat