2014年自考英语(二)资料(-unit-4)

Unit4TheJoyofWork

I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.blessingn.好事；有益之事

2.subsistencen.勉强维持生活；生计

3.sugarcanen.甘蔗

4.cornn.玉米

5.hogn.猪

6.cashn.现金

7.dairyadj.乳品业的；生产乳品的n.牛奶场；乳制品

区分：dairy/diary

8.complainv.抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚

complaint

complaintosb.aboutsth.

complainofasplittingheadache

9.carpentern.木工；木匠

10.committedadj.尽心尽力的：坚信的；坚定的

commitanerror

commitacrime

commitsuicide

commitoneselfto(doing)sth.

becommittedto(doing)sth.

commitment

11.brickn.砖；砖块

12.hammern.锤子；榔头

13.escortn.护送者；护卫队

14.remindv.提醒；使想起

15.victimn.受害者；牺牲品

fallvictimtosth.

16.ideologyn.意识形态：观念形态

17.terrorismn.恐怖主义

18.depressionn.萧条期；经济衰退；不景气

depress

depressed沮丧的；萧条的

19.unrestn.动荡；动乱；骚动

20.illegaladj.不合法的；非法的；违法的

il是in的变体，否定前缀，再如：illogical

ir,im都是in的变体，如：irregular,irresponsible,imbalanced,impossible,immobile

21.immigrantn.（外来）移民；外侨

22.traffickingn.非法交易；非法买卖

c结尾的词变形时先加k，如trafficker,panicker,picnicker,trafficking,panicking

23.dealern.贩毒者；毒品贩子

dealinsth.

car/drugdealer

dealwithsth.

24.gangn.一帮，一群，一伙（闹事、斗殴的年轻人）

25.contributev.增加；增进；添加（到某物）

26.quitv.停止；戒掉PhrasesandExpressions1.bringin赚得；挣

2.ekeoutaliving竭力维持生计；勉强度日

3.sinkin被完全理解；被充分意识到

4.lookforwardto（高兴地）盼望，期待

5.overandoveragain多次；反复地；一再

6.bepreparedfor准备好；有所准备

7.believein认为某事好（对、可接受）II.TextLearningWorkIsaBlessing①IgrewupinLakeland,Louisiana,oneof12children.Wealllivedonmyparents'subsistencefarm（自给自足的农场）.Wegrewcotton,sugarcane,corn,hogs,chickensandhadalargegarden,butitdidn'tbringinmuchcash.SowhenIwas12,Igotapart-timejobonadairyfarmdowntheroad,helpingtomilkcows.Wemilked65cowsat5inthemorning,andagainat2intheafternoon,sevendaysaweek.

②InthekitchenoneSaturdaybeforedaylight,Iriibercomplainingtomyfatherandgrandfatherabouthavingtogomilkthosecows.Myfathersaid,"Yaknow,boy,toworkisablessing."

③Ilookedatthosetwomenwho'dworkedharderthanIeverhad-myfatherekingoutalivingonthatfarm,andmygrandfatherfarmingandworkingasacarpenterduringtheDepression.(1)IhadafeelingIhadbeentoldsomethingreallyimportant,butittookmanyyearsbeforeitsankin.（承上、总结的话）

④GoingtocollegewasarareprivilegeforakidfromLakeland,Louisiana.MyfathertoldmeifIpickedsomethingtostudythatIlikeddoing,I'dalwayslookforwardtomywork.Buthealsoadded,"Evenhavingajobyouhateisbetterthannothavingajobatall."Iwantedtobeafarmer,butIjoinedtheROTC（美）后备军官训练队，预备役军官训练营（Reserveanddifferenttodoonyourlunchbreakeverysooften.I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.paradoxn.矛盾的人（或事情、情况）

2.simultaneousadj.同时发生（或进行）的；同步的

3.rewardn.奖励；回报；报酬

4.entrepreneurn.创业者；企业家

5.excludev.把…排斥在外；防止…进入；阻止…参加

6.tragicadj.悲惨的；悲痛的；可悲的

tragedy

tragedian悲剧演员，悲剧作家

comedy

7.passionn.強烈情感；激情

passionate

8.soundadj.明智的；合理的；正确的；可靠的

9.processn.（为达到某一目标的）过程；进程

10.crucialadj.至关重要的；关键的

11.privilegedadj.荣幸的；幸运的

12.motivationn.动机；原因

13.prioritizev.按重要性排列；划分优先顺序

prior

priority

-r（+ity构成名词），再如：regularity,similarity,familiarity,popularity

14.patternn.模式；方式

15.strategyn.策划；规划；部署；统筹安排

16.routinen.常规；正常顺序

17.sightn.视力范围；视野

18.solelyadv.仅；只：惟；单独地

19.logisticsn.后勤；物流；组织工作

20.locallyadv.在本地

21.competitorn.（尤指商业方面的）竞争者，对手

competewith/againstsb.forsth.

competitive

competitor

competition

22.roomn.可能性；机会

Thereisstillalotofroomforprogress.

23.nichen.（商品的）商机；市场定位

24.uniqueadj.独特的；罕见的

25.survivev.生存；存活；继续存在

surviveafire/awar/aflood/anaccident/anearthquake

surviveaperson

survivor

survival

Heisoneoftheluckysurvivorsinthisaccident.

Darwin'sTheoryofEvolutioncanbecharacterizedassurvivalofthefittest.

26.clientn.客户；顾客

27.financen.（个人、组织、国家的）财力，财源，财务管理

28.purchasen.购买；采购

29.obligationn.（已承诺的或法律等规定的）义务，责任

30.downpaymentn.（分期付款的）首期付款；预付金；定金

31.mortgagen.按揭；按揭贷款

32.trashcann.垃圾桶

33.garagen.停车房；车库

34.fixturen.固定设施

35.landscapev.对…做景观美化；美化…的环境

36.exceedv.超过（数量）

37.boundaryn.边界；界限；分界线

38.exhaustiveadj.详尽的；彻底的

39.viabilityn.可行性

40.run（使）运转，运行；操作

41.assumev.假定；假设；认为

assumption

42.alleviatev.减轻；缓和；缓解

43.seasonedadj.富有经验的；老于此道的

44.offerv.主动提出；愿给予

45.aspirev.渴望（成就）；有志（成为）

aspiration

inspiration

perspiration

respiration

Edisononcesaidgeniusis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.

46.variousadj.各种不同的；各种各样的

vary

variety

47.counseln.劝告；忠告；建议

48.makeshiftadj.临时替代的；权宜的

49.licensen.许可证；许可证；执照

50.presencen.存在；出现

51.unparalleledadj.无比的；无双的；空前的；绝无仅有的

52.professionaladj.职业的；专业的

53.careern.生涯；职业

54.feedv.满足（希望、愿望、欲望等）PhrasesandExpressions1.liein存在；在于

2.bargainfor预料到；料想到

3.be/feelobligedtodosth.荣幸地做某事

4.bring…tothetable带来（好处）

5.at/in/totheforefrontof…处在最前列；进入重要地位

6.inplainsight显而易见

7.get…up安排；组织

8.seekout寻求

9.inplace在工作；准备就绪

10.applyfor（通常以书面形式）申请，请求II.TextLearningHowtoStartYourOwnBusiness1Theparadoxofstartingyourownbusinessliesinthesimultaneouschallengeandreward,makingitanexperienceunlikeanyother.Somanybusinessesfail,andmostentrepreneursexcludethiselvesfromthepossibility.Thetragicrealityisthatwhenbusinessesfail,thepassionoftendieswithit.（承上句）Byfollowingsomesoundadviceandbeingpreparedfortheprocess,youwilldecreaseyourchancesoflosingalotmorethanyoubargainedfor.IhaverecentlystartedabusinessandhavelearnedsomecruciallessonsintheprocessthatIfeelprivilegedtosharewithyou.（承上启下句）

21.Identifyyourmotivation.Whydoyouwanttostartyourownbusiness?Tohavemoretime?Tomakemoremoney?Tobeyourownboss?Tohavecreativecontroloverwhatyoulovetodo?Writeoutallofyourmotivatingfactorsandprioritizethi.（承上启下句）Whenyouseethilisted,youmightseeapatterninthatyou'rejustunhappyatyourcurrentjobandstartingyourownbusinessisn'ttheanswer.

32.Identifyyourpassion.Whatdoyoulovetodo?Whatskillsandknowledgedoyouuniquelybringtothetable?Whatgetsyouexcitedaboutyourwork?Keepthatpassionattheforefrontofyourbusinessplan,yourmarketingstrategies,andyourdailyroutine.(1)Ifyoukeepyourpassioninplainsight,youwillstayfocusedonthepurposeofyourbusinessandnotsolelyonthelogistics.

43.Identifyyourmarket.Ifyouarestartingyourbusinesslocally,researchyourcompetitors.Determineifthereisroominthemarketforyourbusiness.Whatwillyoudodifferentlytodrawincustomers?Whatnichemarketaretheotherbusinessesmissing?IfyouarestartinganInternetcompany,researchtherequirientsforyourownuniqueWebpresence.Yourbusinesscannotsurvivewithoutcustomers,sodoenoughresearchonthefrontendtodetermineifthereareenoughpotentialclientstokeepyourbusinessalive.

54.Identifyyourfinances.Ifyouhaveeverpurchasedanewhome,youknowthatthefinancialobligations（债务）extendbeyondthedownpaymentandthemortgage.Youhavetobuyfurniture,trashcans,agaragedooropener（车库门遥控开关）,lightfixturesandlandscapingequipment（景观美化设备）,andbeforeyouknowit,you'vefarexceededyourfinancialboundaries.Thatcanhappenjustaseasilyinabusiness.Doexhaustive（详尽的）financialplanning.Meetwithafinancialadvisor（财政顾问）orsomeoneatyourbanktoexaminethefinancialviabilityofyourbusinessandtheprocessofgettingitupandrunning.Planwiselyanddonotassumethebestaboutyourbusiness.Bepreparedforfinanciallossandgetadviceonhowtoalleviatethatburdeninthefuture.

65.Identifyyoursupportsysti.Seekoutadvicefromseasonedbusinessowners,eventhoseinyourownfield.Developrelationshipswithpeoplewhocanoffersoundadviceandcriticismthatyoumightnotsee.Ifthereisabusinessownerinyourcommunityorinyournetworkthatyouaspiretomodel,examinehisorherbusinesspracticesandhowtheyhandlevarioussituations.Askforcounselbeforebigdecisions,andevencreateyourownmakeshiftBoardofDirectorstohelpguide