英语（江苏卷B卷）2023年高考第二次模拟考试卷（全解全析）

绝密★启用前|2023年高考英语第二次模拟考试卷英语·全解全析（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：答卷前，考试务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分）第一节（共）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whydidthewomanoversleep?A．Shewassick. B．Shewastootired. C．Herclockdidn’tgooff.【答案】C【原文】W:Sorry,I’mlate.Ioverslept.Myclockdidn’tgooffthismorning.M:Again?Don’tyouthinkyoushouldchangeit?Ithoughtyouweresickortired.W:Yousaidit.I’llbuyanewoneafterwork.2．Whattimedoesthemeetingbegin?A．At6:20. B．At6:00. C．At6:10.【答案】C【原文】M:It’salreadysixo’clock.Themeetingwillbeginintenminutes.Howcanwegetthereintime?W:Don’tworry.Iputtheclocktwentyminutesforward.3．Whatistheproblemwiththewoman’sTV?A．It’sbroken. B．Itdoesn’tfitinherroom. C．Ithasbadpicturequality.【答案】B【原文】W:IjustboughtthisTVandIcan’tevenuseit.M:I’msorryaboutthat.Ifthepicturequalitywasbadoryoudidn’tlikeit,youcanreturnit.W:Wellactually,IneedtoreplaceitwithaTVthatcanfitintomyhouse.4．Whyhaven’tthespeakerstakenavacationtheseyears?A．Theirchildrenweretooyoung.B．Theyhaven’tfoundcheapflights.C．They’vebeenbusywiththeirwork.【答案】A【原文】W:Weneedavacation,Thekidsareoldenoughnow.M:You’resoright.Wehaven’ttraveledanywhereinthelastsixorsevenyears.andthekidswillenjoyachangeofscenery,I’msure.W:I’llcheckoutflights.Thereshouldbesomecheapdealsoutthere.5．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife. B．Fatheranddaughter. C．Shopkeeperandcustomer.【答案】C【原文】W:Hello,sir!WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Well,I’dliketobuyapairofdanceshoesformywifeandapairofsportsshoesformydaughter.W:Ok,pleasefollowme.Herearetheshoesyouneed.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatdothespeakersseeupaheadontheroad?A．Thereisconstructiongoingon.B．Thereisalonglineatthetrafficlight.C．Somepolicemenaredealingwithsomething.7．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A．Takeanotherroute. B．Turnontheradio. C．Callthewoman’smother.【答案】6．C

7．B【原文】W:What’sgoingon?Iseeflashinglightsupahead.Itmustbeanaccidentofsomekind,becauseIseesomepolicemenontheroad.M:Youknowthispartoftheroadhasalwaysbeendangerous.There’sanaccidentatleastonceayear.Iwonderwhenthey’refinallygoingtoputinatrafficlight.W:Itcertainlydoesn’thelpbecausethisroadissodark.Youcanhardlysee.M:Doyouthinkweshouldturnaroundandgothelongwayround?Itmightbefaster.W:Let’sturnonthetrafficreportfirstandlistentowhattheysaybeforewedoanything.Maybeit’sjustaconstructioncrew.M:Well.I’mnotcallingyourmothertotellherwe’llbelate.听第7段材料，回到第8-10题。8．WhatdoesBillhaveforlunch?A．Asausage. B．Asalad. C．Ahamburger.9．WhydoesBillpayattentiontosodium-richfoods?A．Todelaytheagingprocess.B．Topreventhighbloodpressure.C．Tolowertheriskofheartattack.10．WhatwillMarydotonight?A．Eatout. B．WatchTV. C．Joinahealthclub.【答案】8．B

9．B

10．C【原文】W:Ican’tbelievemyeyes,Bill.Areyoujusthavingasaladforlunch?Nohamburgerandsausages?M:Yes,mywifemadeitformethismorning.I’vedecidednottoeatfastfood,becausemostofthemisloadedwithsodium.W:Butdon’tyouworrythatyou’llhaveanemptystomachatworkintheafternoon?M:Getusedtoit,Mary.W:Whyareyousuddenlyinterestedinlesseningyourdailyintakeofsalt?M:MydoctorsaysIshouldcutbackonsodium-richfoodstolowermybloodpressure.W:Doyouhavehighbloodpressure?M:Actually,mybloodpressureisn’tthathighyet,buttheysayitincreaseswithage.W:Well,Ishouldalsoeathealthilytolowertheriskofheartattack.AndIneedtoloseafewpounds,too.Sittinginfrontofthecomputerforalongtimeeverydaylikethishasmademegainweight.M:SodoI.Iguessyoushouldcometothehealthclubafterworkwithme.W:You’vejoinedahealthclub?Iwouldneverhavedreamedthatyou’dtakesomethinglikethissoseriously.M:So,howaboutit?CanyoutearyourselfawayfromtheTVtonight?W:Whynot?Ifyoucanbreakyourunhealthyeatinghabits,Icansurelybreakasweat.听第8段材料，回答第11-13题。11．Whatisthewomanmostworriedabout?A．Herhousekeys. B．Herdocuments. C．Hercamera.12．Whatdateisittoday?A．Maythe12th. B．Maythe13th. C．Maythe14th.13．Wheredidthewomanleavehersuitcase?A．Onatrain. B．Inataxi. C．Onabus.【答案】11．C

12．C

13．B【原文】W:I’mcallingaboutasuitcase.Ilostityesterday.M:Well,let’sputthedetailsintothecomputer.W:OK,it’ssmallandit’sblack.M:Werethereanyitemsinsideit?W:Yes.Ihadofficekeysinthere.Myhousekeyswereinmypocket.Um,therewerealotofdocuments.ButthethingI’mreallyworriedabout—Imean,thereisacameraIjustbought.M:Itwasyesterday.SothatwasonMaythe13th.W:Yes.Iwasheadingtomyhome.IwasverytiredwhenIwasintheairport.Ithinkthat’swhyIjustforgotaboutthecase.M:Whatkindoftransportwereyouusing?W:Ithoughtaboutgettingthetrain,butthatwouldhavemeantabusjourneyaswell,andIcouldn’tbebotheredsoIdecidedtotakeataxiatlast.That’swhereImusthaveleftit.M:Well,ifsomeonehandeditin,we’llletyouknow.W:Thanks.听第9段材料，回到第14-17题。14．WhoisElvisPresley?A．Arockandrollstar.B．Theownerofacompany.C．AnAmericandoctor.15．Howdidhebecomefamous?A．Theoldpeoplesupportedhim.B．Themanagerguidedhim.C．Heworkedveryhard.16．Whowasconsideredveryimportantinhislife?A．Hisparents.B．Hisbrother.C．Hismanager.17．WhatdidmanyoldpeoplesayaboutyoungElvis?A．Hewasdangerous.B．Hewaskind.C．Hewasclever.【答案】14．A

15．B

16．C

17．A【原文】W：HaveyoueverlistenedtotherecordofElvisPresley?M：Oh,maybeyouaretooyoungtoknowhim.HewasafamousAmericansinger.Whenhewasbornin1935,histwinbrotherdied.Hegrewupinapoorhome,buthisparentswerekindandloving.W：Ishestillalive?M：No,hediedin1977.Whenhewasachild,hewonseveraltalentcompetitions.Afterheleftschool,heworkedasatruckdriver.W：Howdidhebecomepopular?M：Thefirstpersontorealizethathewasagoodsingerwastheownerofarecordcompany.ButthemanwhoreallyguidedhimtobecomesuccessfulwasTomParker,wholaterbecameElvis'smanagerin1955andsoonmadehimintoaworldfamousrockandrollstar.W：Whatdoyouthinkofhissongs?M：Istilllikethemthoughsomanyyearshavepassed.Butduringhistime,notallpeoplefavoredhissongs.Manyoldpeoplethoughtthathissongwasdangerousfortheyoung.W：Howdidpeoplechangetheirattitude?M：Yes,Elvishelpedtochangethem.W：I'dliketoborrowsomeofhisrecords.DoyouknowwhereIcangetthem?M：Youcangetthemfromthelibrary.Besides,therearealsoalotofbooksintroducinghislifeandhismusic.W：Good.Wouldyouliketogotothelibrarywithmesothatyoucangivemesomegoodsuggestions?M：I'llbegladto,butnottoday.Ihaveclassesintheafternoon.听第10段材料，回到第18-20题。18．Whenwillthesalebegin?A．OnSunday. B．OnSaturday. C．OnFriday.19．Whichitemwillcost$575?A．Therefrigerator. B．Thedishwasher. C．Thewashingmachine.20．Whatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopletodointheend?A．Buyasmallgift.B．Trythenicecoffee.C．Getamembershipcard.【答案】18．C

19．C

20．B【原文】

Doyouneedanewdishwasher,washingmachine,orrefrigerator?ThenheadforParadiseMarketthisweekendforourannualbigsale.Forthreedaysonly—Friday,Saturday,andSunday,wehaveallmajorhouseholdappliancesonsaleforupto60percentoff.Youcangetdealsliketherefrigeratorfor$199.Orhowaboutourwashingmachine,normally$699,foronly$575?Orthedishwasher,normally$350,pricedduringtheweekendforonly$225.Thesearecrazyprices,folks,sogetthemwhilesupplieslast.Andifyourcreditisgood,youcangetamembershipcardandasmallgiftforfree!With126salespersonstoserveyou,youwon’tneedtolineupatcheckout.We’reopenfrom8:00a.m.to6:00p.m.onFriday,andfrom9:00a.mto8:00p.m.onSaturdayandSunday.Besides,thereisanicecoffeeshopattheentranceofourmarket.Youcantryit.SohurryuptogetwhateveryouwantthisweekendinParadiseMarket.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。APeruisacountryonthePacificcoastofSouthAmericawiththreemainareas:narrow,dry,flatlandrunningalongthecoast,theAndesAmazonRainforestTourAshortflightfromCuscotakesyoufromtheAndesintotheAmazonrainforest.Fromthere,you’llspendonedaytravellingbyboattoyouraccommodationinthemiddleoftheforest.Youcanthenspendthreedaysexploringtherainforestwithalocalguideandenjoyingtheplantsandanimalsuniquetotherainforest.MachuPicchuTourThisfour-daywalkingtourwilltakeyouonamazingpathsthroughtheAndesMountainsonthewaytothecityofMachuPicchu.Afterreachingyourdestination,youwillhaveadaytoexploreandbeamazedbythisancientcity.EspeciallyamazingistheIncas’drystonemethodofbuilding.Incabuilderscutstonestoexactsizessothatnothingwasneededtoholdwallstogetherotherthantheperfectfitofthestones.CuscoTourSpendfourdaysenjoyingtheuniqueSpanishandlocalIndianculturehighintheAndesatCusco,thecapitaloftheIncaEmpirefromthe13thuntilthe16thcentury.Stayinalocalhotel,visitthemuseums,admirethearchitecture,enjoytheexcellentlocalfood,andgoshoppingatthelocalmarkets.LakeTiticacaTourEnjoythebeautifulcountrysideasyouspendadaydrivingalongthenewhighwayconnectingCuscotoLakeTiticaca.There,aboatwilltakeyoutostaywithalocalUrosfamilyonanislandforthreedays.BoththeislandandtheUroshomesaremadeofwaterplantsfromthelake.SocomeandexperiencewhatPeruhastooffer:everythingfromtheancientIncacultureandcenturies—oldSpanishvillagestodeeprainforests,highmountains,andabeautifulcoastline.21．WhatisspecialabouttheMachuPicchuTour?A．Peoplecanexploretherainforestwithalocalguide.B．PeoplecanstaywithalocalUrosfamilyonanisland.C．Peoplecanenjoytheplantsandanimalsuniquetotheforest.D．PeoplecanknowabouttheIncas’drystonemethodofbuilding.22．WhichtourwouldyourecommendtopeoplewhoenjoylocalIndianculture?A．AmazonRainforestTour. B．MachuPicchuTour.C．CuscoTour. D．LakeTiticacaTour.23．Wherecanyoumostprobablyreadthepassage?A．Onasciencewebsite. B．Inatravelbrochure.C．Inanenvironmentalreport. D．Inabiologymagazine.【答案】21．D

22．C

23．B【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了去秘鲁旅行的四种旅游套餐。21．细节理解题。根据MachuPicchuTour中“EspeciallyamazingistheIncas’drystonemethodofbuilding.(尤其令人惊叹的是印加人的干石建造法)”可知，马丘比丘之旅的独特之处在于人们可以知道印加人的干石建造方法。故选D项。22．细节理解题。根据CuscoTour部分中“SpendfourdaysenjoyingtheuniqueSpanishandlocalIndianculturehighintheAndesatCusco,thecapitaloftheIncaEmpirefromthe13thuntilthe16thcentury.(在安第斯山脉高处的库斯科，花四天时间欣赏独特的西班牙和当地的印度文化，库斯科是13世纪至16世纪印加帝国的首都)”可知，你会向喜欢印度当地文化的人推荐CuscoTour。故选C。23．推理判断题。根据第一段“PeruisacountryonthePacificcoastofSouthAmericawiththreemainareas:narrow,dry,flatlandrunningalongthecoast,theAndesMountains,andtheAmazonrainforest.(秘鲁是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一个国家，主要有三个地区：狭窄、干燥、平坦的海岸、安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林)”可知，本文是一篇关于去秘鲁旅行包价旅游的广告宣传，因此你最可能在旅行手册上读到这篇文章。故选B项。BOurscreensgiveoutallkindsoflight,especiallybluelight.Bluelight,theargumentgoes,canaffectyoureyehealth,yoursleepingpatterns,andyourhealth.Bluelightglasses—technicallytheyshouldbecalled“bluelightblockingglasses”—filteroutbluelight,lettingintheotherwavelengthsoflight,thustheoreticallyreducingthedangerthatbluelightpresents.Bluelightglassesaredesignedtoreducewhat’sknownasdigitaleyestrain(疲劳),orDES.TherearemanysymptomsassociatedwithDES,includingheadaches,dryeyes,andunclearvision.Howeffectivearebluelightglasses?We’llstartwiththebadnews:thereisnoevidencethatbluelightglasseshaveanyeffectoneyestrainfromdigitalscreens.Infact,oneBritishglassesdealerwasactuallyfinedforindicatingthatbluelightglassescanprotectagainstDES,giventhatthere’snoscientificevidenceofthis.What’smorelikelyisthatDESiscausedbyoveruse,ormisuseofeyes.Afterall,thesunisasubstantiallymorepowerfulproviderofbluelightthanourscreens,andithasbeendecidedlyprovedthatDESisn’tassociatedwiththesunatall.ThegeneralagreementisthatDESiscausedbyspendingtoolong,staringtoohard,andsittingtooclosetoourscreens.HealthexpertsgenerallyrecommendtakingbreakstopreventDES,ratherthanrelyingonbluelightglasses.Butthereisonethingthatbluelightglassesmighthelpwith.Somestudieshaveindicatedthatbluelightcanbebadforourcircadianrhythms(生理节奏).Inotherwords,exposuretobluelightcouldmakeithardertofallasleep.Therehaven’tbeenenoughstudiestotellifbluelightglasses,wornforafewhoursbeforebed,couldhelpyousleepbetter,butit’snotoutofthequestion.Thatsaid,thereareinterestingreportsofpeoplelovingtheirbluelightglasses.Evenifit’sjusttheplacebo(安慰剂)effect,well,thatcanbeincrediblypowerful,andifitworksonyou,keepdoingit.24．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“filterout”inparagraph1mean?A．Appearorhappengradually. B．Removesomethingparticular.C．Bringsomethingintoexistence. D．Tellsomethingapartfromothers.25．WhatisDESlikelycausedby?A．Theblindingsunlight. B．Unfitandcheapglasses.C．Improperuseofeyes. D．Allkindsofnaturalbluelight.26．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellusaboutbluelightglasses?A．Theymaybegoodforsleep. B．Theycanexcitepeople.C．Theycanhelpwithnothing. D．Theyarebadforcircadianrhythms.27．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetobluelightglasses?A．Intolerant. B．Optimistic.C．Objective. D．Conservative.【答案】24．B

25．C

26．A

27．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是防蓝光眼镜对缓解数字屏幕造成的眼睛疲劳是否真的有用。24．词句猜测题。根据划线短语前面的“Bluelightglasses—technicallytheyshouldbecalled“bluelightblockingglasses””(蓝光眼镜——严格来说，它们应该被称为“蓝光阻挡眼镜”)”和划线短语后面的“lettingintheotherwavelengthsoflight(让其他波长的光进入)”可知，蓝光眼镜可以过滤掉蓝光，因此划线短语意为“过滤”。故选B。25．细节理解题。根据第二段的“What’smorelikelyisthatDESiscausedbyoveruse,ormisuseofeyes.Afterall,thesunisasubstantiallymorepowerfulproviderofbluelightthanourscreens(更有可能的是DES是由过度使用或误用眼睛引起的。毕竟，太阳提供的蓝光比我们的屏幕要强大得多)”可知，数字眼疲劳是由使用屏幕时错误的用眼习惯造成的。故选C。26．主旨大意题。通读第三段内容且根据第三段的“Therehaven’tbeenenoughstudiestotellifbluelightglasses,wornforafewhoursbeforebed,couldhelpyousleepbetter,butit’snotoutofthequestion.(还没有足够的研究来证明睡前戴上几个小时的蓝光眼镜是否能帮助你睡得更好，但这不是不可能的。)”可知，本段主要讲述蓝光眼镜可能会对睡眠有帮助。故选A。27．推理判断题。根据第二段的“We’llstartwiththebadnews:thereisnoevidencethatbluelightglasseshaveanyeffectoneyestrainfromdigitalscreens.(我们先从坏消息说起:没有证据表明蓝光眼镜对数字屏幕造成的眼睛疲劳有任何影响。)”及最后一段的“Evenifit’sjusttheplacebo(安慰剂)effect,well,thatcanbeincrediblypowerful,andifitworksonyou,keepdoingit.(即使只是安慰剂效应，那也会非常有效，如果对你有效，那就坚持下去。)”可知，作者既陈述了蓝光眼镜可能真的没什么用，但是也认为如果自己觉得有用也可以继续戴，因此作者对于蓝光眼镜持客观的态度。故选C。CManyancientpopulationsusedinscriptions(铭文)todocumentdifferentpartsoftheirlives.Buttheobjectscontainingsuchinscriptionshavebeendamagedoverthecenturies.Theresearchers,ledbyAlphabet’sAIcompanyDeepMind,developedanewAI-basedmethodwhichservesasatechnologicaltooltohelpresearchersrepairmissinginscriptionsandestimatethetrueoriginsoftherecords.TheycalltheirtoolIthaca.Thesystemisthefirstdeepneural(神经的)networkthatcanrestorethemissingtextofdamagedinscriptions.TheresearcherssaidittrainedIthacaonthelargestcollectionofdatacontainingGreekinscriptionsfromthenon-profitPackardHumanitiesInstituteinCalifornia.Feedingthisdataintothesystemisdesignedtohelpthetoolusepastwritingstopredictmissinglettersandwordsindamagedinscriptions.Theresearchersreportedthatinexperimentswithdamagedwritings,Ithacawasabletocorrectlypredictmissinginscriptionelements62%ofthetime.Inaddition,thetoolwas71%correctinidentifyingwheretheinscriptionsfirstcamefrom.Andwhenhistoriansworkontheirown,thesuccessrateforrestoringdamagedinscriptionsisabout25%.ButwhenhumansteamedupwithIthacatoassistintheirwork,thesuccessratejumpedto72%.TheaSommerschieldfromCa’FoscariUniversityofVenicesaidthesystemhadalreadyprovidednewinformationtohelpresearchersreexamineimportantperiodsinGreekhistory.Inonecase,IthacaconfirmednewevidencepresentedbyhistoriansaboutthedatingofaseriesofimportantGreekdecrees(法令).Thedecreeswerefirstthoughttohavebeenwrittenbefore446/445BCE.Butthenewevidencesuggestedadateinthe420sBCE.Ithacapredictedadateof421BCE.ThedatechangemayseemsmallbutithassignificantimplicationsforourunderstandingofthepoliticalhistoryofClassicalAthens.TheteamiscurrentlyworkingonotherversionsofIthacatrainedonotherancientlanguages.DeepMindhaslaunchedafree,interactivetoolbasedonthesystemforusebyresearchers,educators,museumworkersandthepublic.28．WhatisthefunctionofIthaca?A．Restoringandidentifyingdamagedinscriptions.B．Interpretingandprotectinghistoricaldocuments.C．ExploringandtracingtheoriginsofGreekletters.D．CollectingandtranslatingpastwritingsintoEnglish.29．Whatdothenumbersinparagraph3mainlyindicate?A．Theinscriptionsareofgreatvaluetohuman.B．Ithacahelpsresearchersworkmoreeffectively.C．Thedemandforreadingancientrecordsisincreasing.D．Theprocessofrepairingdamagedwritingsiscomplicated.30．Whydoestheauthormentionthecaseinparagraph4?A．ToshowthelimitationsofIthaca. B．TosupportSommerschield’sstatement.C．ToexplainthehistoryofGreekdecrees. D．Toprovetheimportanceofdatestohistorians.31．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．TheachievementsofGreekhistorians.B．ThedisappearanceofancientGreekculture.C．Arisingtrendofstudyingancientlanguages.D．AnAIsystemforrepairingmissingwritings.【答案】28．A

29．B

30．B

31．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种AI系统，它可以帮助科学家修复和识别受损铭文的文字，了解历史发展。28．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theresearchers,ledbyAlphabet’sAIcompanyDeepMind,developedanewAI-basedmethodwhichservesasatechnologicaltooltohelpresearchersrepairmissinginscriptionsandestimatethetrueoriginsoftherecords.TheycalltheirtoolIthaca.Thesystemisthefirstdeepneural(神经的)networkthatcanrestorethemissingtextofdamagedinscriptions.(由Alphabet旗下人工智能公司DeepMind领导的研究人员开发了一种新的基于人工智能的方法，作为一种技术工具，帮助研究人员修复缺失的铭文，并判断这些记录的真实来源。他们称他们的工具为Ithaca。该系统是第一个可以恢复受损铭文缺失文本的深度神经网络。)”可知，Ithaca是第一个可以复原受损铭文的缺失文本、识别铭文真实来源的深度神经网络，由此可知，Ithaca的主要作用是修复和识别损坏的铭文。故选A。29．推理判断题。根据第三段“Theresearchersreportedthatinexperimentswithdamagedwritings,Ithacawasabletocorrectlypredictmissinginscriptionelements62%ofthetime.Inaddition,thetoolwas71%correctinidentifyingwheretheinscriptionsfirstcamefrom.Andwhenhistoriansworkontheirown,thesuccessrateforrestoringdamagedinscriptionsisabout25%.ButwhenhumansteamedupwithIthacatoassistintheirwork,thesuccessratejumpedto72%.(研究人员报告说，在对损坏的文字进行的实验中，Ithaca能够在62%的时间里正确预测缺失的铭文元素。此外，该工具在识别铭文最初来自何处方面的正确率为71%。当历史学家独自工作时，修复受损铭文的成功率约为25%。但当人类用Ithaca协助他们工作时，成功率跃升至72%。)”可知，历史学家使用了Ithaca协助工作后，复原受损铭文文本的准确率从25%提高到了72%，由此可知，第三段中数字表明Ithaca能帮助研究人员更有效地工作。故选B。30．推理判断题。根据第四段“TheaSommerschieldfromCa’FoscariUniversityofVenicesaidthesystemhadalreadyprovidednewinformationtohelpresearchersreexamineimportantperiodsinGreekhistory.Inonecase,IthacaconfirmednewevidencepresentedbyhistoriansaboutthedatingofaseriesofimportantGreekdecrees(法令).Thedecreeswerefirstthoughttohavebeenwrittenbefore446/445BCE.Butthenewevidencesuggestedadateinthe420sBCE.Ithacapredictedadateof421BCE.ThedatechangemayseemsmallbutithassignificantimplicationsforourunderstandingofthepoliticalhistoryofClassicalAthens.(威尼斯Ca’Foscari大学的TheaSommerschield说，该系统已经提供了新的信息，帮助研究人员重新审视希腊历史上的重要时期。在一个案例中，Ithaca证实了历史学家提出的关于一系列重要希腊法令年代的新证据。这些法令最初被认为是在公元前446/445年之前写成的。但新的证据表明时间在公元前420年。Ithaca预言的日期是公元前421年。日期的变化可能看起来很小，但它对我们理解古典雅典的政治史具有重要意义。)”可知，该段第一句提到，学者Sommerschield说该系统已经提供了新的信息，帮助研究人员重新审视希腊历史上的重要时期，接着就给出了具体的示例来佐证，因此，此段中的案例是为了支持Sommerschield陈述的观点。故选B。31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Manyancientpopulationsusedinscriptions(铭文)todocumentdifferentpartsoftheirlives.Buttheobjectscontainingsuchinscriptionshavebeendamagedoverthecenturies.(许多古代居民使用铭文记录他们生活的不同部分。但是，包含这些铭文的物品在几个世纪以来遭到了破坏。)”和第二段“Theresearchers,ledbyAlphabet’sAIcompanyDeepMind,developedanewAI-basedmethodwhichservesasatechnologicaltooltohelpresearchersrepairmissinginscriptionsandestimatethetrueoriginsoftherecords.TheycalltheirtoolIthaca.(由Alphabet旗下人工智能公司DeepMind领导的研究人员开发了一种新的基于人工智能的方法，作为一种技术工具，帮助研究人员修复缺失的铭文，并估计记录的真实来源。他们称他们的工具为Ithaca。)”以及下文对Ithaca的具体介绍，可知本文是介绍一种可以帮助科学家修复和识别受损铭文文字的AI系统——Ithaca，D选项“AnAIsystemforrepairingmissingwritings.(一种修复缺失文字的人工智能系统。)”能够概括文章主旨。故选D。DInSoutheastOhio,countlessorange-stainedstreamsarecoloredbytheironoxide(氧化铁)pollutionfromabandonedcoalmines.Althoughriverscanbecleanedupbyneutralizingtheacidityofacidminedrainage(AMD)(矿山酸性废水),it’sanexpensiveprocess.However,twoprofessorsatOhioUniversityhavecomeupwithawaytohelpwiththeclean-upbycollectingtheironoxidefrompollutedriverstomakepigments(颜料)forartists.CoalwasonceanimportantpartofOhio’seconomy,andthestateproducedapproximately2.35billiontonsfromitsundergroundminesbetween1800and2010.Butbefore1977,whentheUSintroducedtheSurfaceMiningControlandReclamationAct,minesthatwerenolongerneededwereoftensimplyabandoned.Asaresult,manyofthemineshavebecomepolluters,withAMDaffecting1300milesofOhiostreams.GuyRieflerandJohnSabrawfromOhioOncethetreatmentfacilityisoperational,TruePigmentsaimstocollectapproximately2millionpoundsofironoxideannuallyandcleanupsevenmilesofstream.ApreviousprojectthatneutralizedtheacidityofstreamwateronthewestbranchofSundayCreeksaw17speciesofnativefishreturnaftertwoyears.TruePigmentsisconfidentthatitsfacilitywillleadtoasimilaroutcome.TruePigmentshasreceivedfundingfromtheOhioDepartmentofNaturalResources(ODNR).ByfundingTruePigments,theODNRhopesthatthefacilitycanhelpaddressanenvironmentalissueandrecoverandimprovewaterqualityandprovidejobsforthelocalcommunityandcreateasupplyofironoxideforotheruses.32．HowdoprofessorsfromOhioUniversityhelpcleanpollutedrivers?A．Byremovingplasticwastefromstreams.B．Byreducingtheacidityofpollutedrivers.C．Bymakingpaintswiththeironoxidefromtherivers.D．Byorganizingpeopletojoinintheclean-upactivities.33．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph2?A．Summarizethepreviousparagraph.B．Addsomebackgroundinformation.C．Providesomeadviceforthereaders.D．Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.34．WhatdoweknowaboutGuyRieflerandJohnSabraw’sproject?A．Itiswellreceivedbyartists.B．Itsavestheproductioncostofoilpaints.C．Itaimstointroducetheirclean-upmodel.D．Itpreventsfactoriesfrompollutingrivers.35．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ReclaimingEarthPigments.B．TurningWasteintoTreasure.C．PaintingaGreenerFuture.D．RemovingIronOxideforRivers.【答案】32．C

33．B

34．A

35．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两位教授提出来一个计划，既能帮助清理被污染的河流又能从中提取氧化铁制作颜料。32．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However,twoprofessorsatOhioUniversityhavecomeupwithawaytohelpwiththeclean-upbycollectingtheironoxidefrompollutedriverstomakepigments(颜料)forartists.(然而，俄亥俄大学的两位教授提出了一种帮助清理的方法，他们从被污染的河流中收集氧化铁，为艺术家制作颜料。)”可知，这两名教授是从河流中收集氧化铁制作颜料。故选C。33．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“CoalwasonceanimportantpartofOhio’seconomy,andthestateproducedapproximately2.35billiontonsfromitsundergroundminesbetween1800and2010.

Butbefore1977,whentheUSintroducedtheSurfaceMiningControlandReclamationAct,minesthatwerenolongerneededwereoftensimplyabandoned.

Asaresult,manyofthemineshavebecomepolluters,withAMDaffecting1300milesofOhiostreams.(煤炭曾是俄亥俄州经济的重要组成部分，1800年至2010年间，该州的地下煤矿产量约为23.5亿吨。但在1977年美国出台《地表采矿控制与复垦法案》(SurfaceMiningControlandReclamationAct)之前，不再需要的矿山往往会被直接废弃。结果，许多矿山变成了污染者，AMD影响了俄亥俄州1300英里的河流。)”可推断，第二段主要介绍了一些背景知识，告诉读者为什么会有这么多的河流被氧化铁所污染。故选B。34．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In2018,alongsidelocalnon-profitRuralAction,theypartneredwithapaintcompanyGamblintocreatealimitedrunof500oilpaints.Namedthe“ReclaimedEarthColors”set,thepaintswerepopularamongartists,allowingthemtopresentanenvironmentallyconsciousaspectintheirwork.(2018年，他们与当地非营利组织“RuralAction”合作，与油漆公司Gamblin合作，限量生产了500种油画颜料。这款名为“再生大地颜色”的颜料在艺术家中很受欢迎，使他们在作品中表现出环保意识。)”可知，这款颜料很受艺术家的欢迎。故选A。35．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“However,twoprofessorsatOhioUniversityhavecomeupwithawaytohelpwiththeclean-upbycollectingtheironoxidefrompollutedriverstomakepigments(颜料)forartists.(然而，俄亥俄大学的两位教授提出了一种帮助清理的方法，他们从被污染的河流中收集氧化铁，为艺术家制作颜料。)”可知，两位教授提出了一种清流河流的方法是从中收集氧化铁制作颜料。再根据最后一段“ByfundingTruePigments,theODNRhopesthatthefacilitycanhelpaddressanenvironmentalissueandrecoverandimprovewaterqualityandprovidejobsforthelocalcommunityandcreateasupplyofironoxideforotheruses.(通过资助Truepigment,ODNR希望该设施能够帮助解决环境问题，恢复和改善水质，为当地社区提供就业机会，并为其他用途提供氧化铁供应。)”可知，该项目使环境得到了改善。因此，本文主要讲述了从河流中提取氧化铁制作颜料并使得环境更好。所以“PaintingaGreenerFuture.(描绘绿色未来。)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Anyonewhohastriedtoconcentrateonadifficultorboringpieceofworkwillknowhowtoughitcanbe,butthefollowingscience-backedtipscanhelp.Getridofdistractions(分心的事物)Howdowefocusbetterifwearealwaysbombarded(轰炸)withinformation?____36____Researchersfoundthatcognitivecapacity(认知能力)wassignificantlybetterwhenthephonewasoutofsight,notjustswitchedoff.Keepingyourprimaryfocusistocompletewhatyouneedtodo.Duringthistime,requestthatyoubeleftalone.Shuttingoffexternaldisturbancescanhelpyouconcentrate.____37____Scientificresearchisstartingtocollectevidenceontheabilityofbraintrainingactivitiesto