英语新学案人教必修三全国通用版讲义UNIT4

Section_ⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre­reading1．Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ChinahassentupTiangong­1successfullyandisworkingonbuildingaspacestation.Areyouinterestedinspacestation?2．WhydothesixteencountriesspendalotofmoneybuildingtheInternationalSpaceStation?TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)willbealittle“cityinspace〞orbiting(沿轨道运转)250milesabovetheearth.Aboutthesizeoftwofootballfields,thespacestationwillbeaplacewherepeoplefromaroundtheworldcanliveandstudyinspaceoverlongperiodsoftime.TheISSisanextremelyexpensiveproject,butitwillsomedayserveasastepping­stoneforfuturespaceexploration.SixteencountriesfromaroundtheworldareworkingtogetherontheInternationalSpaceStation.TheseinternationalpartnersaretheUnitedStates,Russia,Canada,Japan,BrazilandEuropeanSpaceAgency(Belgium,Britain,Denmark,France,Germany,Italy,theNether­,lands,Norway,Spain,Sweden,andSwitzerland)．Riskingthedangersofspace,thesixteencountriesarespendingbillionsofdollarsandmanyyearsbuildingthespacestationbecausetheybelievetheycanbenefitalotfromit.Perhapsthemostimportantbenefitisthatthespacestationallowshumanstoliveandstudyforlongperiodsinmicrogravity(微重力)，ora“weightless〞environment.'velearnedfrompastspacetravelthatlivinginmicrogravityleadstotheweakeningofbonesandmuscles.Thespacestationwillallowscientiststounderstandtheseeffectsandstudypossiblesolutionsforlong­termspacetravel.Butstudyinginmicrogravityisnottheonlyreasonforthespacestation.Forthefirsttime,wewillbeabletoobservetheearthfromdifferentangles(角度)overlongperiodsoftime.Thespacestationwillallowustowatchchangesintheenvironmenttobetterunderstandourownplanet.Thespacestationwillalsogiveusanopportunitytostudytheenvironmentofspace.WarmingUp1．Doyouknowhowmanyplanetscirclearoundthesuninoursolarsystem？Whatarethey?Yes._They_are_Venus(金星)，Earth(地球)，Mars(火星)，Mercury_(水星)，Jupiter_(木星)，Saturn_(土星)，Uranus(天王星)，Neptune_(海王星)．2．Eachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.Discussthepicturesinpairsandmatchthem.A．InChina,weallknowthatPanguseparatestheskyfromtheearth.B．TheGoddessNüwamendedtheheavenandcreatedhumanbeings.C．Inwesternculture,Godcreatedtheworldinsixdays.D．Nowadaysitiswidelyacceptedthatuniversebeganwitha“BigBang〞．答案：①～④BCADFastReadingScanthepassageandthenchoosethebestanswersaccordingtothepassage.1．Whatbegantoappearontheearth'ssurfacewhenitcooleddown?A．Water. B．Gases.C．Acids. D．Carbon.2．Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthattheauthoris________.A．confident B．sadC．concerned D．angry3.Whatdoestheword“they〞refertointhesentences“Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourand...〞？A．Planets. B．Stars.C．Gases. D．Fireandrock.4．Whichistherightorderofthedevelopmentoflife?A．Smallcleveranimals→shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals.B．Shellfish→dinosaurs→smallcleveranimals→mammals.C．Shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals→smallcleveranimals.D．Dinosaurs→shellfish→mammals→smallcleveranimals.5．Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotherlifeforms?A．Becausetheygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.B．Becausetheyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.C．Becausetheywereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.D．Becausetheyliveongrass.答案：1～5ACDCACarefulReading1．Readthepassageandwritedownthemainideaofit.Thetextmainlytellsustheformationoftheearthandthedevelopmentoflifeonit.2．Puttheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatime­line.(1)JA．Insectsandamphibiansappeared.(2)GB．Dinosaursappeared.(3)CC．Theearthbecameasolidball.(4)HD．Smallplantsgrewonthewater.(5)DE．Reptilesappeared.(6)IF．Plantsbegantogrowonland.(7)FG．Theearthwasacloudofdust.(8)AH．Waterappearedontheearth.(9)EI．Shellfishandotherfishappeared.(10)BJ．Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang〞．(11)LK．Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.(12)KL．Mammalsappeared.3．Readthepassageandmatcheachparagraphwithitsmainidea.Paragraph1______A．Howhumansappearedandwhateffectstheyhavecausedtotheearth.Paragraph2______B．Waterisveryimportantforlifeontheearth.Paragraph3______C．Howtheearthformed.Paragraph4______D．Howtheplantsandanimalsontheearthdeveloped.Paragraph5______E．Itiswidelyacceptedthattheuniversebeganwitha“BigBang〞．答案：Paragraph1～5ECBDASummaryReadthepassagecarefullyandfillintheblanks.Attheverybeginning,theearthwasjustacloudof1.energetic(energy)dust.Thenthedustbinedintoaballmovingaroundthesun.Afterthat,itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,2.producing(produce)watervapour,carbon,nitrogenandothergases,3.whichintheendmadetheearth'satmosphere.Thentheearthcooleddown,andwater,oneoftheearth'sspecialqualities,appearedandstayedontheearth,whichmade4.itpossibleforlifetobegin5.to_develop(develop).Somesmallplantsgrowinginthewaterappearedontheearth'ssurface,6.followed(follow)bylandanimals,7.including(include)insects,amphibians,reptilesandthemostimportantanimals8.called(call)dinosaurs.Finallydinosaursdisappearedallofasuddenandsomesmallcleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappearedandspreadall9.overtheearth.Inplaceofdinosaurstheybecame10.themostimportantanimalsontheplanet—thatis,humanbeings.Discussion1．Whatproblemshavebeencausedbyhumanstotheearth?The_earth_is_being_warmer_and_warmer.2．Asastudent,whatlittlethingscanwedofortheearth?(1)We_should_make_full_use_of_solar_energy,_plant_trees,_recycle_rubbish,_save_water_and_so_on.(2)Only_if_we_care_will_we_help;_only_if_we_help_shall_all_be_saved!Section_ⅡWarmingUp&Reading—LanguagePoints(一)词义匹配1．atmosphereA．agroupofrelatedpartswhichworktogetherformingawhole2．systemB．themixedgasesthatsurroundstheearth3．fundamentalC．forthatreason;forthisreason4．theoryD．increase,addtothenumberof5．thusE．veryimportantornecessary6．multiplyF．ideathattriestoexplainsomething答案：1～6BAEFCD(二)用所给词的适当形式填空7．Abigviolent(violence)earthquakeoccurredlastweek.8．Beingexposedtothesunlightforalongtimewillbeharmful(harm)toone'sskin.9．Unlike(like)hisbrother,heistalkative(健谈的)andhasasenseofhumour.10．Thepuzzling(puzzle)problemmadestudentspresentpuzzled(puzzle)．1．violentadj.猛烈的；剧烈的；强暴的★背诵佳句培育语感(教材原句)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球(开头)变得剧烈动乱，不知道这个固体外形是否会连续存在下去。(鲜活例句)Aviolentstormhitthecitylastnight,whichcausedalotofdamage.昨天夜里，暴风骤雨攻击了这座城市，造成了重大损失。(鲜活例句)Thegrowthofviolentcrimeisaveryrealproblem.暴力犯罪的增加是个特别现实的问题。★归纳拓展全析考点(1)violentlyadv. 猛烈地；凶狠地(2)violencen. 暴力；暴行；激情withviolence 猛烈地；强有力地You'dbetternotshutthewindowviolently/withviolence.你最好不要猛关窗户。[语境串记]Larrywasinviolentpain.Asaresult,hebehavedviolentlyandtreatedeverythingwithviolence.拉里处于极度苦痛之中，因此他表现得很粗暴，一切都以暴力对待。2．existvi.存在；生存★背诵佳句培育语感(教材原句)Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(鲜活例句)Howdoweseeifthereexistsablackholeinthespace?我们究竟如何看太空中是否存在黑洞呢？★归纳拓展全析考点(1)existin 存在于existon 靠……生存Thereexists/existed... 某地有……；存在……(2)existencen. 存在；生存eintoexistence 开头存在；成立inexistence 现存的；现有的①Doyoubelieveintheexistenceofghosts？Perhapstheyonlyexistinsomepeople'simagination.你信任鬼魂的存在吗？或许他们只存在于一些人的想象里。②Hefindsithardtoexistonthemoneyhe'searning.他发觉靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。③Nooneknowswhenthecustomcame_into_existence.没有人知道这个风俗是何时开头存在的。3．unlikeprep.不同；不像adj.不同的；不像的★背诵佳句培育语感(教材原句)WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.在火星等其他行星上也消失了水，但不像在地球上一样，这些水后来消逝了。(鲜活例句)Theyaresounlikethatnobodywouldbelievetheyweresisters.她们毫无相像之处，谁也不信任她们是姐妹。★归纳拓展全析考点(1)It'sunlikesb.todo... 做……不像某人平常的样子(2)unlikelyadj. 不大可能发生的；未必会发生的(3)likelyadj. 可能的belikelytodosth. 可能做某事It'slikelythat... 有可能……①It'sveryunlikehimtobesolate.迟到这么久可实在不像他平常的作风。②He'slikelyto_arriveabitlate.他可能会晚到一会儿。③It's_likely_thathewillnotattendthemeeting.有可能他不参与会议。4．harmfuladj.有害的★背诵佳句培育语感(教材原句)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家信任，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(鲜活例句)It'sharmfultoyoureyestoreadbooksinthebus.在公共汽车上看书对你的眼睛有害。(鲜活例句)Accordingtotheresearch,toomuchsunisharmfultotheskin.依据调查争论，晒太多太阳对皮肤有害。★归纳拓展全析考点(1)beharmfulto 对……有害(2)harmvt.&n. 损害；损害doharmto(＝do...harm) 对……有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth. 做某事没有害处。(3)harmlessadj. 无害的①Themedicineisharmfultochildrenbutdoesnoharmtoadults.这种药对儿童有害，却对成年人没有什么害处。②Thiscasewilldoseriousharmtomylife.这起案件将严峻损害我的生活。5．puzzlen．难题；谜vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)犯难★背诵佳句培育语感(教材原句)Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球上的生命是如何起源的是科学家们最难以解答的问题之一。(鲜活例句)Formanyyearsthesequestionspuzzledgeologists.多年来这些问题令地质学家迷惑不解。★归纳拓展全析考点(1)beinapuzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好puzzleabout/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思考(2)puzzlingadj. 令人迷惑的(3)puzzledadj. 感到迷惑的bepuzzledabout 对……迷惑不解Ihavebeenpuzzledaboutthisquestionforweeks.我对这个问题已迷惑不解了好几个星期。[语境串记]Thepuzzledlookonherfacesuggestedshewaspuzzlingoverthepuzzlingmathproblem.她困惑的表情示意了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学问题。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Shelistenedwithapuzzled(puzzle)expressiononherface.2．Playingputergamestoomuchisharmfultothechildren'shealth.3．Inmyopinion,prevention(prevent)ismoreimportantthantreatment.4．SomeprogramsontheInternetarefullofviolence(violent)andsex.5．Thereexistedacloserelationshipbetweenfamiliesandtheirmilkmen.6．Chinaisacountryoffreedomofreligious(religion)belief.Ⅱ.完成句子1.过量饮酒对你的身体有害。Itis_harmful_to/does_harm_toyourhealthtodrinktoomuch.2．包办婚姻在中国一些地方依旧存在。Thecustomofarrangedmarriagesstillexists_insomepartsofChina.3．警察仍正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。Thepoliceare_still_puzzling_about/overhowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.4．她最近的小说和她以前的作品截然不同。Herlatestnovelisquiteunlike_her_earlier_works.1．solarsystem 太阳系2．awidelyacceptedtheory 一个广泛接受的学说3．intime 准时；最终4．cooldown 冷却下来；变凉5．befundamentalto 对……(来说)是根本的6．achainreaction 连锁反响7．layeggs 下蛋8．givebirthto 产生；分娩9．inone'sturn 轮到某人；接着10．prevent...from 阻挡；制止1．intime准时；最终；迟早★背诵佳句培育语感(教材原句)Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，这些后来形成了地球的大气层。(鲜活例句)Hebrakedhiscarjustintimeonlytoavoidanaccident.他准时刹车，防止了一次事故。(鲜活例句)Youwillsucceedintimeaslongasyoudon'tgiveup.只要不放弃，你总有一天会胜利。★归纳拓展全析考点intimeforsth. 赶上某事innotime 马上；立刻atonetime 曾经；一度attimes 有时；间或fromtimetotime 有时；间或atnotime 从不；决不atatime 每次；一次①Doonethingatatimeanddoitwell.一次只做一件事情，并且要做好。②Atnotimeshould_wegiveintodifficulties.我们在任何时候都不能向困难屈服。[点津]atnotime用在句首时，句子要局部倒装。innotime相当于atonce或immediately，用于句首不倒装。2．inone'sturn轮到某人；接着★背诵佳句培育语感(教材原句)Thustheyhave,intheirturn,beethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。(鲜活例句)They,intheirturn,madesomeadvicefortheplan.他们接着为这项方案提了一些建议。(鲜活例句)Whenitisinmyturn,Iamtooexcitedtospeak.当轮到我时，我冲动得都说不出话来了。★归纳拓展全析考点inturn 依次；轮番；逐个；相应地；转而byturns 轮番；依次taketurnsdoing/todo... 轮番做……It'sone'sturntodosth. 轮到某人干某事。①Alltheoriesarefrompracticeandinturnservepractice.全部的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践效劳。②Thegirlscalledouttheirnamesin_turn.那些女孩儿逐一报出自己的名字。③Theytook_turnstocareabouttheirparents.他们轮番照看他们的父母。④Itismyturnto_cleantheclassroomthisweek.这周轮到我清扫教室了。3．prevent...from阻挡；制止★背诵佳句培育语感(教材原句)Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。(鲜活例句)Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried,butnothingcanpreventhim(from)dyingoflungcancer.任何可能的方法都尝试了，但也没能阻挡肺癌夺走他的生命。(鲜活例句)Noonecanpreventthisplanfrombeingcarriedout.谁也不能阻挡这个方案的实施。★归纳拓展全析考点eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(prevent＋宾语＋fromdoing,stop＋宾语＋fromdoing,keep＋宾语＋fromdoing))阻挡……做protect...from(against)...爱护……不受……侵袭(from后接能带来损害或损害之物)①Theywerestopped/preventedfromenteringtheburningbuilding.他们被拦在了燃烧着的大楼外面。[点津]表示“阻挡……做〞的三个短语用于被动语态中时，from都不能省略。②Heputonhissunglassesto_protecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.他戴上太阳镜爱护眼睛不受强光的损害。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theheavysnowpreventedusfromgoing(go)outforsports.2．Luckilyforhim,hewasjustintimeforthebus.3．HeaskedeachofusinturntodescribehowtheInternethadaffectedourlives.4．MissGaogavebirthtoafinehealthyboylastnight.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Ifyougiveupthischance,you'llregretitin_time(迟早)．2．Laying_eggs(下蛋)istheantqueen'sfull­timejob.3．Theirsonwas_prevented_from_going_to_college(被阻挡上高校)becauseoftheirlowine.4．Inbusiness,successnotonlydepends_on(依靠)whatyousaybutalsohowyousayit.5．Then,in_their_turn(轮到他们),theyraisedaquestionwhichcausedaheateddiscussion.1．[句型展现]What_it_was_to_beewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到45～38亿年前，这团尘埃才渐渐地形成了一个固体的球状物。[典例背诵]Whatimpressesmemostisthatheseemsapleasantman.给我印象最深的是他好像很和气可亲。2．[句型展现]Theearthbecame_so_violentthat_itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球(开头)变得剧烈动乱，不知道这个固体外形是否会连续存在下去。[典例背诵]TheplaywassointerestingthatIwenttoseeitseveraltimes.这个话剧特别好玩，因此我去看过好几次。3．[句型展现]Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmade_it_possibleforlifeto_develop.这就产生了一个连锁反响，使生命的开展成为可能。[典例背诵]Hemakesitahabittogetupatsixeveryday.他每天早晨6点起床，这已成为一种习惯。4．[句型展现]Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstoewilldependon_whether_this_problem_can_be_solved.所以，在将来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上连续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。[典例背诵]Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我们正在谈论是否让同学参加我们的俱乐部。1．What_it_was_to_beewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到45～38亿年前，这团尘埃才渐渐地形成了一个固体的球状物。(1)句子结构分析①Whatsurprisedeverybodywasthathedidn'tetothemeeting.使大家惊异的是他竟没有参与会议。②WhatIsuggestisthatyoushouldapologizetohim.我建议你去向他抱歉。(2)主语从句可用形式主语it代替③Itiswonderfulthatallofyouhavepassedthedifficultexam.真是太棒了，你们都通过了那次很难的考试。④Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherhewilletoattendthemeetingornot.他来不来参与会议无足轻重。[点津]1)it作形式主语，谓语局部表示建议、要求、命令时，从句谓语常用“should＋动词原形〞，should可省略。2)what引导主语从句意为“所……的(东西)〞，在从句中充当句子成分；that引导时不充当句子成分，通常不行省略。⑤Itisadvisablethatshe(should)takeacoupleofdaystorest.她休息一两天是明智的选择。⑥Thathewillrefusetheofferisunlikely.他不行能拒绝这个报价。2．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstoewilldependon_whether_this_problem_can_be_solved.所以，在将来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上连续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。(1)该句是一个主从复合句，第一个whether引导的从句为主语从句；其次个whether引导的从句作介词on的宾语。①Shewasuncertainaboutwhethersheshouldaccepthisoffer.她拿不准是否应当接受他的好意。②Everythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus.一切要看你跟我们意见是否全都。(2)引导名词性从句时用whether或if的区分：whether可以直接和ornot连用，if不行以；引导位于句首的主语从句，用whether不用if；引导表语从句、同位语从句，用whether不用if；动词不定式之前用whether不用if；动词discuss，leave，put及介词之后的宾语从句，用whether不用if。③Itisuncertainwhether/ifhe'llsucceedinpassingthedrivingtest(ornot)．他是否能胜利地通过驾驶考试还不确定。④Thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing.问题是电影是否值得看。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.2．Wemakeitaruletotakeawalkeverymorning.3．Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfinditdifficulttotellonefromtheother.4．It'snotclearwhethertheyareabletoarriveatanagreementthroughmunicationornot.Ⅱ.完成句子1．这是一块很重的石头，他挪不动。Itwasso_heavy_a_stonethathecouldn'tmoveit.2．很明显他们没有和平的诚意。It_was_clear_thattheyhadnodesireforpeace.3．我担忧我是否损害了她的感情。Iworryaboutwhether_I_have_hurtherfeelings.4．他告知我们的事很重要。What_he_has_told_usisofgreatimportance.5．他的努力工作使他胜利成为可能。Hishardworkmade_it_possibleforhimtosucceed.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Moreviolent(violence)scenesinthefilmwerecutwhenitwasshownontelevision.2．Itisgenerallyacceptedthatsmokingisharmful(harm)toourhealth.3．Marywasreadingapoemwithapuzzledexpressiononherface.Itsdeepermeaningremainedapuzzleforher.(puzzle)4．Thedoglyingonthefloorbelongstohim.Heliedtomeyesterdaythatithadbeenlost.(lie)5．Unlike(like)mostpeopleintheofficewhoetoworkbycar,Iusuallyetoworkbybus.6．Thismadeithardtocontrolmyself.7．Ican'texistonthemoneyhegaveme.8．You'llsucceedintimebecauseyouarealwaysworkinghard.Ⅱ.完成句子1.有些工厂排放的气体对环境有害。Thegasesfromsomefactoriesare_harmful_totheenvironment.2．要不是他们关心，我们就不能准时完成这个工程。Butfortheirhelp,wecouldnothavefinishedtheprogramin_time.3．大雨使我们不能踢足球了。Theheavyrainprevented/stopped_us(from)playingfootball.4．我发觉学好英语很难。Ifindit_very_difficult_to_learnEnglishwell.5．我们得不到的东西好像比我们已经拥有的东西好。What_we_can't_getseemsbetterthanwhatwealreadyhave.Ⅲ.阅读理解AEdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofets(彗星)whichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularetwasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.However,HalleyhadafriendnamedNewton,whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem,buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofaethadtheshapeofanellipse(椭圆)．NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredout(解决；计算出)theorbitsofsomeoftheetsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Theetsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607,and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Thedifferentetsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtaboutit,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentets,aspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesameetthreetimes.Theethadgoneawayandhadebackagain.Itwasanastonishingidea!Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeaprediction(预言)ofwhatetwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthisetwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.In1758theetappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit,forhehasdiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatethasbeencalledHalley'set,inhishonor.eq\x(语篇解读：本文主要介绍了闻名科学家哈雷及他的发觉。)1．Halleymadehisdiscovery________.A．bydoingexperimentsB．bymeansofhisowncarefulobservationC．byusingtheworkofotherscientistsD．bychance解析：选C细节理解题。由文中第三段得知。2．Halleymadeasurprising,butcorrectpredictionintheyear________.A．1704 B．1705C．1706 D．1707解析：选B计算题。文中的“Hedecidedthatthisetwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.〞这句话告知我们：他预言彗星消失的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。3．Thispassageingeneralisabout________.A．HalleyandotherscientistsB．theorbitofaetC．NewtonandHalleyD．Halleyandhisdiscovery解析：选D主旨大意题。综观全文，不难看出，文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发觉。4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．EdmundHalleywasanAmericanscientist.B．Halleymadehisdiscoverybydoingexperiments.C．Newtonwasafamousmathematician.D．Theorbitofaethadtheshapeofanaround.解析：选C综合推断题。从文章首句可以看出A项错误；从其次题的分析中可知B项也错误；牛顿告知哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排解D。BRedDwarfRedDwarfstars(红矮星)canrangeinsizefromahundredtimessmallerthanthesun，toonlyacoupleoftimessmaller.Becauseoftheirsmallsizethesestarsburntheirfuelveryslowly，whichallowsthemtoliveaverylongtime.Somereddwarfstarswilllivetrillionsofyearsbeforetheyrunoutoffuel.Thenwhyarereddwarfstarsred？Becausereddwarfstarsonlyburnalittlebitoffuelatatime，theyarenotveryhotparedtootherstars.Thinkofafire.Thecoolestpartofthefireatthetopoftheflameglowsred，thehotterpartinthemiddleglowsyellow，andthehottestpartnearthefuelglowsblue.Starsworkthesameway.Theirtemperaturesdeterminewhatcolortheywillbe.Thuswecandeterminehowhotastarisjustbylookingatitscolor.____________LiketheSun，thesemedium­sizedstarsareyellowbecausetheyhaveamediumtemperature.Theirhighertemperaturecausesthemtoburntheirfuelfaster.Thismeanstheywillnotliveaslong,onlyabout10billionyearsorso.Neartheendoftheirlives，thesemedium­sizedstarsswellupbeingverylarge.WhenthishappenstotheSunitwillgrowtoengulf(淹没)eventheEarth.Finallytheyshrinkagain，leavingbehindmostoftheirgas.ThisgasformsabeautifulcloudaroundthestarcalledaPlanetaryNebula(行星状星云)．WhenwilltheSunexpandintoagiant，andthenshrinkleavingbehindaplanetarynebula?Don'tworry.Thesunisonlyabout5billionyearsold.Itstillhasanother5billionyearsbeforeitwillexpand，andthenturnintoaplanetarynebula.TheSunissohotthatwhenitdies，itwilltakealongtimetocooloff.Thesunwilldieinabout5billionyears，butitwillstillglowformanybillionsofyearsafterthat.Asitcools，，afterbillionsmaybeeventrillionsofyears，itwillstopglowing，atthatpointitwillbewhatwecallablackdwarfstar.TherearestillnoblackdwarfstarsintheUniverse.eq\x(语篇解读：本文对红矮星和黄色星进行了介绍。)5．WhydotheRedDwarfstarsburntheirfuelveryslowly?A．Becausetheyaresmall.B．Becausetheydon'tmovearound.C．Becausetheyarecool.D．Becausetheyreflectlightlikethemoon.解析：选A细节理解题。依据文章第一段其次句话“Becauseoftheirsmallsizethesestarsburntheirfuelveryslowly...〞可知选A。6.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Howreddwarfstarswork.B．Whyreddwarfstarsburnalittlefuel.C．Whyreddwarfstarsarered.D．Howtemperaturedeterminesthecolor.解析：选C主旨大意题。综合其次段的内容可知，本段开头由一个问句(为本段的主题句)引出作者要说明的中心：红矮星为什么是红色的？然后通过类比来进行解释，因此C项为最正确选项。7.ThetitleontheunderlinebeforeParagraph3isprobably________.A．TheSunB．YellowStarsC．PlanetaryNebulaD．StarTemperature解析：选B主旨大意题。综观最终四段话可以看出：作者通过读者所熟识的、与黄色星相类似的太阳相比拟来对黄色星进行说明，最终三段话看似与黄色星无关，但实际上是对黄色星开展走向的一个猜测，故B项最正确。8.Whichofthefollowingwebsitesmaythispassagebetakenfrom?A．B．C．D．解析：选D推理推断题。本文主要介绍了红矮星和黄色星，与天文学有关，由此推断本文是从与天文学有关的kidsastronomy(D项)上摘录的。Ⅳ.语法填空Mark:Peggie,canIborrowyournotesforhistory？I__1__(return)themtomorrow.Peggie:Sorry,__2__Iusuallygotothecafeteriaandreviewthem.Why__3__copytheminthelibrary?Mark:OK.Peggie:Hereyouare.Mark:Youareagreathelp,Peggie.Peggie:Idon'tquiteunderstand__4__youneedmynotes,Mark.Youhaven'tmissedanyclasses.Mark:__5__(honest)speaking,Iworkinasupermarketfrom7to10o'clockeveryevening.Peggie：Isee.Soyou'repretty__6__(tire)whenyouetoclass.Mark：That's__7__(exact)whyIwanttoborrowyournotes.Mynotesaren'tverygood.Peggie:Sowhatdoyouusuallydoinclass?Mark:I'malwaysawakeatthebeginning,butthirtyminutesaftertheclassbegins,Ifeelsleepy,andhavetrouble__8__(keep)myeyesopen.Peggie：Well,Ineedsomeonetostudywithandyouneedsomeonetokeepyouawake.__9__webestudypartners?'sagoodidea.Sogivemeapush__10__youseemesleepinclass.Peggie:OK.Let'sstarttodayinthelibrary.WearegoingthereanywayandIdon'thavetogotothecafeteria.Mark:Soundsgreat.答案：1.willreturn5．Honestly9．ShallSection_ⅢLearning_about_Language_&_Using_LanguageⅠ.Scanthepassageandthenchoosethebestanswersaccordingtothepassage.1．Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A．whatthemoonisB．myvisittothemoonC．thedifferencesbetweentheearthandthemoonD．LiYanping,myfriend,whoisanastronaut2．Whenweweregoingup,wefelt________.A．wewerepressedagainstourseatsB．wewerelighterthanweareontheearthC．asifwewereflyingD．therocketwasshakingstrongly3．Whycan'tthespaceshipfallbacktotheearth?A．Becausethemoon'sgravitypullsitup.B．Becauseitistoofarawayfromtheearth.C．Becausetheearthhasnogravity.D．Becausethespaceshipisnotveryheavy.4．WhenIwasonthemoonIfeltIwas________thanIamontheearth.A．slower B．heavierC．cleverer D．lighter5．Ifababyisgrowingonthemoon,whenhegrowsup,hewillgrow________thanheisontheearth.A．taller B．shorterC．fatter D．thinner答案：1～5BABDAⅡ.Readthepassageandtrytofindthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.Paragraph1：Paragraph_1:_We_visited_the_moon_in_our_spaceship!Paragraph2：Before_we_left,_Li_Yanping_explained_to_me_...the_most_powerful.Paragraph3：When_we_got_there,_I__wanted_to_explore_immediately.Paragraph4：But_returning_to_the_earth_was_very_frightening.词义匹配1．biologyA．tohaveanaccidentinacar,planeetc.byviolentlyhittingsomethingelse2．gravityB．touseyourhandstomakesomethingmovetowardsyou3．gentleC．thescientificstudyoflivingthings4．climateD．theforcethatcausessomethingtofalltotheground5．crashE．theweatherconditionsinaparticulararea6．pullF．kindandcarefulsothatyoudonothurtanyoneoranything;notviolent答案：1～6CDFEAB1．crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落；使撞毁n．(汽车的)撞车事故；(飞机的)失事；突然发出的巨响★背诵佳句培育语感(教材原句)Otherscientistsbelievethataetcrashedintotheearthlongagoandcausedthedisappearance.其他科学家认为很久以前一颗彗星与地球相撞导致恐龙灭亡。(鲜活例句)Shestormedoutoftheroomandcrashedthedoorshutbehindher.她生气地冲出房间并顺手把门“砰〞的一声关上。(鲜活例句)Henarrowlyescapedintheaircrash.他险些在飞机失事中遇难。★归纳拓展全析考点crashinto/onto... 撞到……上withacrash 随着撞击声①Thetreefellwithagreatcrashallofasudden.突然，那棵树哗啦一声倒了下来。②Thebrakesfailedandhiscarcrashed_intoatree.由于刹车失灵，他的车撞到树上了。2．pulln．[C]&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力★背诵佳句培育语感(教材原句)Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.随着升空，由于我们在努力摆脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。(鲜活例句)Inoticedherpullhersongentlytowardsher.我留意到她把儿子轻轻地拉到身边。形象记忆★归纳拓展全析考点pullin进站停靠；驶向路边(或某处)停靠pullon匆忙穿上(衣服)pullout离站；(使)摆脱逆境pullthrough恢复健康；渡过危机pullup停车；停住pulldown拆毁①Afterhewaitedfortwohours,thetrainfinallypulledin.他等了两个小时，火车最终进站了。②Hisinjuriesareseverebuthe'sexpectedtopull_through.他的伤势很重，但有望恢复健康。③Hepulled_uphiscarattheentranceofthecinema.他在电影院入口处将车停了下来。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Anyoneisnotpermittedtopullupatthetrafficlights.2．Thebiologist(biology)studiedplantsandbecamefamousinhiscountry.3．Thecarwasoutofcontrol