猪肺炎支原体的免疫时机及疫苗的选择课件

1Mycoplasmahyopneumoniae

猪支原体肺炎(MycoplasmapneumoniaofswineMPS)EnzooticPneumonia(EP)2M.hyoDisease猪支原体肺炎Firstisolatedfrompiglungsin19651965年首次在猪肺脏中分离Oneofthemostcommonandeconomicallyimportantdiseases最普遍和经济意义重大的疾病之一AcomplexinteractionbetweenM.hyoandotherbacterialandviralinfections,andpoormanagementandventilation.主要损失是支原体和其它细菌病毒的混合感染、饲养管理不善、通风不良等综合因素所致。3M.hyoDiseaseOneoftheprimarypathogenscausingPorcineRespiratoryDiseaseComplex(PRDC)引起PRDC的原发病原之一Affectsasmanyas99%ofU.S.herds99％的美国猪群都有感染World-widesignificance世界范围内养猪生产中流行4M.hyodiseaseEconomiceffectsareextremelyvariablebetweenherds.不同猪群的经济影响差异较大Dependentoncostofinputs,priceofpigs,otherdiseases,etc.取决于投入的成本、猪价、其它疾病的情况等。AMOVINGTARGET.5M.hyoDiseaseReducedaveragedailygain(ADG)降低日增重Reducedfeedefficiency(FE)降低饲料报酬Increasedmedicationcosts增加药物成本Increasedcullorlight-weightpigs增加淘汰或低体重的猪Etc.67M.hyoEconomicLossesM.hyodecreasedgrowthrate12.7%anddecreasedfeedefficiencyby13.8%(Pointon,etal,1985)肺炎支原体可降低生长率12.7%和饲料报酬13.8%8M.hyodiseaseTransmissionbetweenpigs:aerosolanddirectcontact猪之间传播途径：空气和直接接触Transmissionbetweenfarms:movementofinfectedpigs猪场之间传播方式：感染猪的移动Aerosolbetweenfarms:Britain~3.2km猪场之间传播距离：3.2公里9M.hyoDiseaseClinicalsignsinclude:临床症状chroniccough(oftendryornonproductive)慢性咳嗽（通常是干咳）highmorbidityandlowmortality高发病率和低死亡率unevengroupsofpigs猪群内生长不整齐10M.hyodiseasePeakprevalenceinFinisherbecauseof:在育肥期多发的原因：Longincubationperiod：潜伏期长Slowspread传播缓慢Increasedanimaldensity养殖密度加大Presenceofotherorganisms其他致病菌的出现11M.hyoPathogenesisM.hyocolonizesciliaoftracheaandbronchi….paralyzingthentangling,splittingandbreakingcilia….reducingnormalfunctionofmucociliaryapparatus.支原体定植在气管和支气管纤毛上，导致纤毛缠绕折断、脱落，从而降低了粘液纤毛的正常功能。OnlyattachestotracheobronchialciliaAmucosalpathogen1314hyovaccineThefirst“one-dose”producthashadaproblemwithsyringabilityandlocalreactionsduetotheWater-in-oiladjuvantused.Lesspain疼痛少Theoreticalimmunologytellsusthatwithaninactivatedvaccine,twodosesarenecessarytoachievepeakimmunity.OptimizedensityandproperventilationTherearealsointeractionswithseveralvirusesincludingSwineInfluenzaVirus,Pseudorabies(PRV),PRRS，PCVIITwo-doses

一针免疫还是二针免疫AMOVINGTARGET.Immediateresponse免疫反应迅速aneffectiveM.Vaccination免疫Two-dose一针还是二针Significantlylowerthannonvaccinated,PRespisure®PfizerO/W,Lecithin卵磷脂Laboratoryvs.15M.hyoPathogenesisThereisalsoevidenceofimpairedAlveolarmacrophagefunction(CarusoandRoss,1990)破坏肺泡巨嗜细胞的功能

1617M.hyoDiseaseSecondarybacterialinfections:继发细菌感染Pasteurellamultocida多杀性巴氏杆菌Actinobacilluspleuropneumoniae胸膜肺炎放线杆菌Streptococcussuis链球菌Haemophilusparasuis副嗜血杆菌

Generallyseenasrespiratorydistressor“thumping”18M.hyoDiseaseTherearealsointeractionswithseveralvirusesincludingSwineInfluenzaVirus,Pseudorabies(PRV),PRRS，PCVII还和几种病毒相互作用，其中包括猪流感病毒、伪狂犬病毒、蓝耳病病毒、圆环病毒II型192021Mycoplasmahyopneumonia:ControlandPrevention

猪支原体肺炎的控制与防治22M.hyoControlandPreventionMedication药物Management管理Vaccination免疫23M.hyoMedicationAntibioticshaveshownmixedresultsinfieldconditionsandareusedmostlytocontrolsecondaryinfections.田间条件下，抗生素的效果表现不一，主要用于控制继发感染。24M.hyoMedicationLincomycin:resultsinconsistent林可霉素Tiamulin:resultsinconsistent支原净Quinolones:showsomepromise喹喏酮类Florfenicol:showssomepromise纽弗罗Aivlosin:resultsaregood爱乐新hyoMedicationWesternBlotAnalysis

免疫印记分析Stimulatesstrongcell-mediatedimmunityCheckothermycoplasmavaccinesagainsttheadvantagesofM+Pac:7%anddecreasedfeedefficiencyby13.hyovaccinehyosincewewantlong-lastingimmunity.ProductsBandCpreserve8proteinsSowVaccination???

母猪免疫？？？hyosituation:AtleastaseffectiveasW/O与油包水效果相同Laboratoryvs.ManagementfactorsareimportantM+PAC安百克拥有全世界最多的猪支原体抗原KirkClarkworkonlossofantibodytitersin>3rdParitysows25M.hyoMedicationOneproblemwithanymedicationprogramisthatoncethemedicationisremoved…thediseasecanbegintocauseproblemsagain.一旦停药，疾病复发26M.hyoPreventionandControlManagementfactorsareimportant管理十分重要All-in/all-outproductionisprobablythesinglemostimportantmanagementtechnique全进全出是最好的管理方式Nomorethan3weeksspreadinage年龄差距不要超过3周MedicatedEarlyWeaning(MEW)hasbeenshowntohelpcontroltheMPSdisease早期药物断奶有一定帮助27M.hyoPreventionandControlManagementfactors(continued)SegregatedEarlyWeaning(SEW)hasshownmerit早期隔离断奶也有一定好处Vaccination免疫Optimizedensityandproperventilation合理化密度，保持良好通风28M.hyoPreventionandControlKeytoaneffectiveprogramtocontrolPRDC

(PorcineRespiratoryDiseaseComplex)isaneffectiveM.hyovaccine控制PRDC有效措施的关键是使用有效的支原体疫苗29M.hyoVaccinesBecausetheexactantigenicepitopesresponsibleforimmunityarenotwellunderstood,whole-cellvaccinesarebest.因为还不清楚决定免疫力的具体抗原决定部位，所以全细胞疫苗是最好的。30WesternBlotAnalysis

免疫印记分析M+Pacpreserves15proteins安百克保留了15种抗原蛋白ProductApreserves11proteinsA产品保留了11种抗原蛋白ProductsBandCpreserve8proteinsB和C产品保留了8种抗原蛋白31M+PAC安百克拥有全世界最多的猪支原体抗原

Pfizer

Intervet

FortDodge

M+PAC

32M.hyoVaccinesAlso,becauselong-lastingimmunityisimportant,itisourbeliefthataneffectiveM.hyovaccineshouldhaveanimprovedoiladjuvant…..此外，长久免疫力是重要的，良好的油佐剂是支原体疫苗必须的。。。33VaccineAdjuvants

疫苗佐剂34VaccineAdjuvants

疫苗佐剂AluminumHydroxide(AH)氢氧化铝Water-in-oil(W/O)油包水Oil-in-water(O/W)水包油AluminumHydroxideplusOil-inwaterhyoEconomicLossesPasteurellamultocida多杀性巴氏杆菌Oil-in-water(O/W)水包油World-widesignificanceHighercell-mediatedimmunityDecreasedSowtoPigShedding?Revaccinatewithasingle1mldoseannually.Excellentsyringeabilitychroniccough(oftendryornonproductive)Streptococcussuis链球菌Increasedcullorlight-weightpigsMildtonoreactions温和无刺激hyoVaccineAdjuvantsAntigeninsideisreleasedgraduallyasoildropletsbreakdownovertime.35AluminumHydroxide

氢氧化铝Lowviscosity粘度低Mildtonoreactions温和无刺激Immediateresponse免疫反应迅速Short-livedimmunity免疫期短36Water-in-Oil(W/O)油包水Moreoil=moreviscosity粘度高Moreirritation刺激大Morepain疼痛Morestress应激大37Oil-in-Water(O/W)水包油Moremodern最新型AtleastaseffectiveasW/O与油包水效果相同Lessoil=lowerviscosity低粘度Lessirritation刺激小Lesspain疼痛少Lessstress(pigsandpeople)应激小38M.hyoVaccineAdjuvantsM+PAC®SPAHO/W+AHRespisure®PfizerO/W,Lecithin卵磷脂Respifend®FortDodgeAHIngelvacMHNobl/BIW/OPorcilisIntervetAHHyorespMerialAH39IntroducingnewM+PacÒ40CheckothermycoplasmavaccinesagainsttheadvantagesofM+Pac:ReducedlunglesionsLesscoughingHigherantibodytitersHighercell-mediatedimmunityExclusiveEmunade™adjuvant1mladministration41Emunade,arevolutionarynew

dual-actionadjuvant

革命性的双相佐剂ThekeytoM+Pac’ssuperiorperformance安百克优良性能的关键Fasteracting,longerlasting速效、长效Excellentsyringeability良好的通针性42Emunade,AluminumHydroxideplusOil-inwater氢氧化铝＋水包油Fastacting速效Longlasting长效Stimulatesstrongcell-mediatedimmunity刺激坚强的细胞介导免疫力43OilglobulesinEmunadecontainantigenbothinsidedropletandondropletsurface.Surfaceantigenpromptsrapidimmuneresponse.

4445Antigeninsideisreleasedgraduallyasoildropletsbreakdownovertime.ThisgradualreleaseallowsEmunadetodeliverprolongedimmunity.

SowVaccination???

母猪免疫？？？SegregatedEarlyWeaning(SEW)hasshownmerit肺炎支原体爆发阶段和免疫时机LesscoughingLessirritation刺激小SowVaccination???

母猪免疫？？？Managementfactors(continued)Affectsasmanyas99%ofU.Short-livedimmunity免疫期短reducingnormalfunctionofmucociliaryapparatus.取决于投入的成本、猪价、其它疾病的情况等。IncreasedmedicationcostsAcomplexinteractionbetweenM.hyoPreventionandControlWorld-widesignificance4647VaccinationSchedules

免疫程序Timing(Laterisbetter?)时机One-dosevs.Two-dose一针还是二针SowVaccination母猪免疫48VaccinationTiming

免疫时机LaterisBetter…….Why?越晚越好MaternalAntibodyInterference母源抗体干扰Protectionneedstolastforentirefinishingperiod保护力需要持续整个育肥期49LungScoresAfterVaccinationofMaternalAntibodyPigsAt4And6WeeksofAge

5.95.818.8005101520%oflunglesions4weeks6weeksNonvaccNon-Chall*Significantlylowerthannonvaccinated,P<0.02**50EfficacyofVaccinationof1,3,and6weekoldPigs

*5.000123456MeanpourcentageofLungConsolidation1week3weeks6weeksNonvaccNon-ChallAgewhenvaccinated*Significantlylowerthannonvaccinates,p=0.002651One-dosevs..Two-dose

一针免疫还是二针免疫Theoreticalimmunologytellsusthatwithaninactivatedvaccine,twodosesarenecessarytoachievepeakimmunity.ThisisveryimportantwithM.hyosincewewantlong-lastingimmunity.根据免疫学理论，灭活苗二针免疫才能达到免疫力高峰。这对于肺炎支原体免疫极为重要，因为我们希望支原体的免疫力持久（直到出栏）肺炎支原体爆发阶段和免疫时机Secondarybacterialinfections:继发细菌感染安百克保留了15种抗原蛋白ProductApreserves11proteinsparalyzingthentangling,splittingandbreakingcilia….AluminumHydroxideplusOil-inwaterAluminumHydroxide(AH)氢氧化铝Highercell-mediatedimmunityMedicatedEarlyWeaning(MEW)hasbeenshowntohelpcontroltheMPSdiseaseAerosolbetweenfarms:Britain~3.hyoDiseaseTwo-dose一针还是二针Increasedcullorlight-weightpigsConvenientdosageschedule合理化密度，保持良好通风52One-dosevs.Two-doses

一针免疫还是二针免疫Productsinitiallywell-received,howeverinmostcases,didnotprovideadequateprotectioninfaceofM.hyofieldchallenge.即使初次免疫应答良好，但大多数情况下，当面对田间野毒挑战时，还是不能提供足够的保护力。Laboratoryvs.“RealWorld”53One-dosevs.Two-doses

一针免疫还是二针免疫Thefirst“one-dose”producthashadaproblemwithsyringabilityandlocalreactionsduetotheWater-in-oiladjuvantused.早期的一针免疫疫苗，由于使用了油包水佐剂，存在通针性和局部反应的问题54SowVaccination???

母猪免疫？？？Controversial有争议的话题Dr.KirkClarkworkonlossofantibodytitersin>3rdParitysows经产3次的母猪抗体滴度下降。DecreasedSowtoPigShedding?能减少母猪对仔猪的散毒吗？55SowVaccination

母猪免疫Ifsowherdisvaccinated,especiallypre-farrowing,thenitisevenmoreimportanttovaccinatepigslater.如果母猪免疫，尤其在产前免疫，仔猪则免疫更嘉推迟。56M+Pac安百克Convenientdosageschedule方便的剂量1mldoseat7-to-10daysofageorolder.首免1毫升7－10日龄以上Revaccinatewith1mldose2weeksafterinitialvaccination.在首免2周后，二免1毫升Revaccinatewithasingle1mldoseannually.每年加强免疫1毫升57M+PACTM

Vaccinationprogram(con’t)

安百克免疫程序Vaccinationschedulealsocanbedoneaccordingtofarm’sM.hyosituation:免疫程序也需根据猪场的肺炎支原体发生状况来决定。

stageofM.hyooutbreaksandtimeforvaccination:

肺炎支原体爆发阶段和免疫时机

nursery/grower

pre-fattener

post-fattener

保育期/育成期育肥前期育肥后期

1wk&3wk3wk&6wk6wk&9wk58M+PACTMCheckyourMycoplasmavaccineagainsttheseadvantages:HigherantibodytitersReducedlunglesionLesscoughingHighercell-mediatedimmunityExclusiveEmunade®adjuvant1mlSQ/IMadministration59M+PACTM

安百克RaisingthestandardinMycoplasmaVaccines提高了支原体疫苗的标准60M.hyodiseaseEconomiceffectsareextremelyvariablebetwee