2022-2023学年河南省漯河市问十乡中学高三英语下学期期末试题含解析

2022-2023学年河南省漯河市问十乡中学高三英语下学期期末试题含解析一、选择题1.Manmustkeepinmindthatitwillbeyears______theearthrecoversfromthedamagehemakestoit.A.when

B.before

C.since

D.until参考答案：B考查状语从句。before“在……之前；到……才；来不及”；根据句意“人类必须牢记要很多年地球才会从人们给它的损害中恢复”可知，选B。until表示“直到……才……”时，谓语动作到那时会结束。而“itwillbe+时间段+before”表示“要多久才会……”，符合句意。2.Itwasnotuntilmidnight

theyreachedthecampsite.

A.as

B.when

C.while

D.that参考答案：D略3.Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry,_____attractingmoreandmoreforeigners．

A．theone

B．one

C．it

D．that参考答案：B4.______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.

A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated参考答案：B略5.You’dbetterwritedownherphonenumberbeforeyou___it.A.forgetB.areforgettingC.forgot

D.willgorget参考答案：A本题考察的是时态题中的一个常考的用法。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常常使用一般现在时代替将来时。本句中的连词before引导的就是一个时间状语从句，所以使用一般现在时代替将来时。句意：在你忘记之前最好把他的电话号码写下来。故A正确。【考点】考察时态

6.—OK,here___________.—Thankyouforyourlift.Seeyoulater.A.arewe

B.isitC.weare

D.comesit参考答案：C【详解】考查倒装。上句：好的，我们到了。下句：谢谢你的礼物，再见。表示方位地点的here位于句子开头，如果句子的主语是名词，则用全部倒装；如果句子的主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。故选C。【点睛】完全倒装：1.完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。2.there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的therebe句型以外，there还可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seemtobe,stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。3.由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here,there和时间副词now,then开头，后面的动词是be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand（表移动或动态的不及物动词）等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。4.表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装。7.Thegirls______intothecompanyrecentlyhavetoreceivestricttrainingbeforetheystarttowork.A.accepted

B.accepting

C.admitted

D.admitting参考答案：C8.Thegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain_______shewasandwaitedforhermother.

A.where

B.what

C.how

D.who参考答案：A略9.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.

youwantmetosay?A.Whatisitthat

B.Whatitisthat

C.Howisitthat

D.Howitisthat参考答案：A10.It'ssonicetohearfromheragain.

,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What'smore

B.That'stosay

C.Inotherwords

D.Believeitornot

参考答案：D11.Aftersomanyhardships,thescientist

hismotherlandatlast.A.setonhisfoot

B.setfooton

C.setfeeton

D.sethisfeeton参考答案：B略12.____therequestoffarmers,thegovernmentwilltakemeasurestohelpthemincreaseincomeA.infavorof

B.incontrastto

C.inresponseto

D.inexcessof参考答案：C13.Peterishelpingsettablesinthehall,whereJohn’sbirthdayparty

.A．isholding

B．hasheld

C．isheld

D．willbeheld参考答案：D14.I’lltakeseriously___________adviceyouputforward.

A.whatever

B.however

C.whichever

D.whenever参考答案：25.A.考查名词性从句：宾语从句缺定语（无范围）“无论你提出什么样的建议，我都会当回事。”

略15.Alotofpeoplewerestandingatthedooroftheclassroomandthelittlegirlcouldn’tget________.A.between

B.through

C.across

D.beyond参考答案：B16.—CanIgoouttoplaywithTom,Mum?

—Youhadbetternotuntilyou_______yourhomework．

A．finish

B．willfinish

C．havefinished

D．finished参考答案：C二、完型填空17.完型填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从31—50各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。WehadawonderfultendaysinIdahoandweredrivinghomeadayearlierthanwe’dplanned.Wejustwantedtohaveadayto

31

andprepareforourworkweeksahead.Littledidweknowtheeffectour

32

earlywouldhaveonsomeoneelse.Wesetoffataround1p.m.and

33

asmalltowncalledMarsing.About10milesontheothersideofMarsing,wesawthick34milesdowntheroadtowherewewere

35

Wespeededuptoseewhatwashappening,and

36

aBigRig(18-wheeledtruck)onfireandthedriverwassitting

37

onthesideoftheroad.Wewalkedoutofthecarandwenttooffer

38

.We39wenttothedriver,Basan,whowasanowner-operatorofthetruck,toseeifwecouldhelp.Hehadaseriousburnonhislefthandandshoulder.We

40

himdown,broughtourtowelstocoverhishandandsome

41tokeepitwetforhim.Thenweputhiminourcarandkepthimthere42emergencyvehicles(急救车)arrivedanhourlater.Basantoldushisengine

43

,andashestoppedthetrucktocoolitoff,itjustwentuptoflames.Hemanagedtogethiswallet,hiscellphoneandafireextinguisher(灭火器)outto

44

thefire,buthecouldn’tcontroltheflamesandthetruck__45__burnedtotheground.Basan,thoughfeelingterribleaboutwhathadhappened,wasvery__46__tobealiveandthatsomeonestayedwithhimandhelpedhim.Wehappenedtobethereandcouldhelphim,becausewedecidedtoleaveearly.Wasita(n)47

?Perhaps.Butwebelievethatsomethingjusthappenforreasons__48__ourunderstandingatthetime.Wealsobelievethatsometimes,challengesoropportunities

49

ourwaybecauseweneedtohelpothers.Thisexperiencewas50oneofthoseoccasionsforus.31.

A.rest B.pack C.recover D.practice32.

A.working B.preparing C.leaving D.planning33.

A.headedfor B.stayedin C.wentthrough D.searchedfor34.

A.forest B.cloud C.fog D.smoke35.

A.fueling B.driving C.visiting D.living36.

A.saved B.passed C.knocked D.discovered37.

A.silently B.helplessly C.angrily D.confusedly38.

A.assistance B.energy C.medicine D.comfort39.

A.eventually B.immediately C.frequently D.hesitatingly40.

A.let B.kept C.turned D.settled41.

A.water B.gasoline C.alcohol(酒精) D.ice42.

A.since B.incase C.until D.when43.

A.overturned B.overheated C.overloaded D.overran44.

A.prevent B.survive C.battle D.escape45.

A.somehow B.suddenly C.seemingly D.completely46.

A.positive B.grateful C.excited D.willing47.

A.coincidence B.arrangement C.adventure D.accident48.

A.upon B.within C.without D.beyond49.

A.block B.change C.come D.puzzle50.

A.probably B.favorably C.nearly D.mainly参考答案：31—35ACCDB

36—40DBABD41—45ACBCD

46—50BADCA三、阅读理解18.

AprojectinGambiaisempoweringwomenandreducingdangerouswasteatthesametime.

TheWasteInnovationCenter,fundedbytheEuropeanUnion'sGlobalClimateChangeAlliance,showswomenintheBrikamaareahowtorecyclewasteintousefulmaterialsandproducts,whichtheycanthensellinlocalmarkets.

Wood-likewasteisrecycledintocharcoal(木炭),forexample,whichcanbeusedtosupersedefirewoodandreducethenumberoftreesthatarecutdownforfirewood.Foodwasteisrecycledintocompost(混合肥料)tofunctionasenvironmentallyfriendlyfertilizersandplasticisturnedintomanyusefulthings.

SupportedbyWasteAidUKandtheGambiaWomen'sInitiative(GWI),amongothers,theprojectprovideswomenwithskillstheycanusetobecomeself-sufficient(自给自足的).Womenlearningatthecentercomefromfivecommunities,andsomeofthemtravelasfaras12milestolearntheseimportantskillsthatwillprovidethemwithanincome,accordingtoTheGuardian.

IsatouCeesay,whonowleadstheGWI,highlightedtheneedtofocusoneconomicequalityinhercountry,tellingTheGuardian,"Intermsofeducation,womenaretheoneswhoarealwaysbehind.Boysarechosentogotoschool.Whenweconductourtraining,wefindwomencandoalot,butdon'tknowwhotheyare,orhowtocarryoutthings."

AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization'sCountryCooperationStrategy2018—2023report,themainenvironmentalissuefacingGambiaispoorwastemanagementinurbanareas.NdeySirengBakurin,executivedirectoroftheNationalEnvironmentAgency,hasvoicedconcernoverhealthandenvironmentalrisks,suchaswaterpollution,theincreaseofinsectsaswellasfloodingthatoccurasaresultofpoorwastemanagement.（1）WhatdoestheWasteInnovationCentertrytodo?

A.

DeveloplocalmarketsinBrikama.

B.

Teachwomenhowtoinventnewthings.

C.

Keepwomenawayfromdangerouswaste.

D.

HelpwomeninBrikamabenefitfromwaste.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"supersede"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.

Replace.

B.

Transform.

C.

Burn.

D.

Reserve.（3）FromwhatIsatouCeesaysaidwecanlearnthatwomeninGambia___.

A.

don'tlearnnewthingsfast

B.

aren'tinterestedineducation

C.

reallyhopeforeconomicequality

D.

arenotfairlytreatedinthecountry（4）Whatisthewriter'spurposeofwritingthelastparagraph?

A.

Tosummarizethepreviousparagraphs.

B.

Toprovidesomeadviceforthereaders.

C.

Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.

D.

Tointroduceanewtopicfordiscussion.参考答案：（1）D

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【考点】推理判断题，词义猜测题，时文广告类

【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了冈比亚的一个正在增强妇女权能，同时减少危险废物的项目。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“...showswomenintheBrikamaareahowtorecyclewasteintousefulmaterialsandproducts,whichtheycanthensellinlocalmarkets.”向brikama地区的妇女展示了如何将废物回收到有用的材料和产品中,他们可以在当地市场上出售。可知选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“

Wood-likewasteisrecycledintocharcoal(木炭),forexample,whichcanbeusedtosupersedefirewoodandreducethenumberoftreesthatarecutdownforfirewood.

”例如，木质废物被回收制成木炭,它可以用来取代木柴，减少被砍伐作为木柴的树木的数量，可知选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Intermsofeducation,womenaretheoneswhoarealwaysbehind.

Boysarechosentogotoschool.

”在教育方面，妇女总是落在后面。男孩被选去上学。可推知选D。

（4）考查目的意图。根据最后一段中的“AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization'sCountryCooperationStrategy2018—2023report,themainenvironmentalissuefacingGambiaispoorwastemanagementinurbanareas.”根据卫生组织2018到2023年国家合作战略报告，冈比亚面临的主要环境问题是城市地区废物管理不力，可知作者写这一段的目的是为这个项目增加一些背景信息，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

19.第三部分:阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。56.TheleafletistoinformvisitorsofthePark’s________A.advancedmanagementB.thrillperformancesC.entertainmentfacilitiesD.thoughtfulservices57.AvisitortotheParkcan________.A.rentastrolleroutsideFrontGateB.askforfirstaidbyThunderRunC.smokeintheWaterParkD.leavehispetatKidZville

BWe’veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:hiringlinestanders,buyingticketsfromscalpers(票贩子),orpurchasinglinecuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineoranamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue(waitingyourturn)withthemoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice).

Marketsandqueues—payingandwaiting—aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities.Themoralsofthequeue,“Firstcome,firstserved,”haveanegalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.Theytellustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions.IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatcomesalong,simplybecauseit’sthefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities,properlygovernedbydifferentstandards.Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear,playedoverandover,asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank:“Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived.”Thisisessentialforthemoralsofthequeue.It’sasifthecompanyistryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness.Butdon’ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously.Today,somepeople’scallsareansweredfasterthanothers.Callcentertechnologyenablescompaniesto“score”incomingcallsandtogivefasterservicetothosethatcomefromrichplaces.Youmightcallthistelephonicqueuejumping.

Ofcourse,marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswedistributebymerit,othersbyneed,stillothersbychance.However,thetendencyofmarketstoreplacequeues,andothernon-marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticeitanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue-jumpingschemeswe’veconsidered—atairportsandamusementparks,incallcenters,doctors’offices,andnationalparks—arerecentdevelopments,scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisappearanceofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern,butthesearenottheonlyplacesthatmarketshaveentered.58.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingseemsgovernedbytheprinciple“Firstcome,firstserved”?A.Takingbuses.B.Buyinghouses.C.Flyingwithanairline.D.Visitingamusementparks.59.TheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraphs4and5illustrates.A.thenecessityofpatienceinqueuingB.theadvantageofmoderntechnologyC.theuncertaintyofallocationprincipleD.thefairnessoftelephonicservices60.Thepassageismeantto.A.justifypayingforfasterservicesB.discussthemoralsofallocatingthingsC.analyzethereasonforstandinginlineD.criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumpingCIfadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubbles(气泡)accumulateinajoint,issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.

Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression(减压)sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil(化石)bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.

BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(标本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.

Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.

Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator(捕食动物)suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey(猎物)aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.

61.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?A.Atwistedbody.B.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.C.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.D.Adropinbloodpressure.62.ThepurposeofRothschild’sstudyistosee________.A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendsB.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompressionC.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodiesD.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones63.Rothschild’sfindingstatedinParagraph4.A.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocessC.disagreedwithhisassumptionD.changedhisresearchobjectives64.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs.A.failedtoevolveanantidecompressionmeansB.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesD.evolvedanantidecompressionmeansbutsoonlostitDMarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.Andhesurelydeservesadditionalpraise:themanwhopopularizedthecleverliteraryattackonracism.Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.Stowe’sUncleTom’sCabinisonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.Withminorexceptions,Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.Againandagain,inthepostwaryears,Twainseemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeofrace.Considerthemostcontroversial,atleasttoday,ofTwain’snovels,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.OnlyafewbookshavebeenkickedofftheshelvesasoftenasHuckleberryFinn,Twain’smostwidelyreadtale.Onceuponatime,peoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruckthemasrude.Twainhimselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel“trashandsuitableonlyfortheslums(贫民窟).”MorerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseofthecharacterJim,theescapedslave,andmanyoccurrencesofthewordnigger.(ThetermNiggerJim,forwhichthenovelisoftenseverelycriticized,neverappearsinit.)

Buttheattackswereandaresilly—andmissthepoint.Thenovelisstronglyanti-slavery.Jim’ssearchthroughtheslavestatesforthefamilyfromwhomhehasbeenforciblypartedisheroic.AsJ.Chadwickhaspointedout,thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfiction—arecognitionthattheslavehadtwopersonalities,“thevoiceofsurvivalwithinawhiteslavecultureandthevoiceoftheindividual:Jim,thefatherandtheman.”

Thereismuchmore.Twain’smysterynovelPudd’nheadWilsonstoodasachallengetotheracialbeliefsofevenmanyoftheliberalsofhisday.WrittenatatimewhentheacceptedwisdomheldNegroestobeinferior(低等的)towhites,

especiallyinintelligence,Twain’stalecenteredinpartaroundtwobabiesswitchedatbirth.Aslavegavebirthtohermaster’sbabyand,forfearthatthechildshouldbesoldSouth,switchedhimforthemaster’sbabybyhiswife.Theslave’slight-skinnedchildwastakentobewhiteandgrewupwithboththeattitudesandtheeducationoftheslave-holdingclass.Themaster’swife’sbabywastakenforblackandgrewupwiththeattitudesandintonationsoftheslave.

Thepointwasdifficulttomiss:nurture(养育),notnature,wasthekeytosocialstatus.Thefeaturesoftheblackmanthatprovidedthestuffofprejudice—mannerofspeech,forexample—were,toTwain,indicativeofnothingotherthantheconditioningthatslaveryforcedonitsvictims.Twain’sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasy,forexample,bythelengthypassageinhisautobiography(自传)abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows”inhisyouth—mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-face—andhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.