大学英语4级作文讲解课件

大学英语作文写作一、大纲要求：能按照规定的题目和提示，在半小时内写出120-150词的短文，能写短信和便条，表达意思清楚，无重大的语法错误。二、评分原则：（1）四级作文考试采用总体评分（GlobalScoring)的办法。（2）从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。三、评分标准：四级作文满分为15分。阅卷标准分为五等：2分、5分、8分、11分、及14分。11、各分数段评分标准14分段—切题。内容较丰富，文字通顺，连贯性较好；基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。11分段—切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。8分段—基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些严重错误。5分段—基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差；有较多的严重语言错误。2分段—条理不清，思路混乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，切多数为严重错误。22、其它事项如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得计入所写字数。字数不足要酌情扣分。题目给出的不得记入内。只写作文中一个要点者给：0-4分；只写两个要点者给：0-8分。3CET4作文常见结构

1、开篇段（ParagraphOne）

TopicSentence+DevelopingSentence(1)+DevelopingSentence(2)+DevelopingSentence(3)…+ConcludingSentence2、扩展段（ParagraphTwo）

TopicSentence+DevelopingSentence(1)+DevelopingSentence+(2)DevelopingSentence(3)…+ConcludingSentence3、结尾段（ParagraphThree）

主题句+扩展句（1）+扩展句（2）……+结尾句4四级作文试题分析

一、题材：1、贴近大学生的学习生活和课余生活的校园题材2、有关社会变化、发展和进步的热点话题。二、体裁：议论文、说明性议论文、叙事性议论文和应用文三、命题形式：1、提纲式命题作文2、提纲式图表作文3、“情景+提纲”式命题应用文5四级作文的试题类型1、现象解释型（2002-06；2002-12…）2、对比选择型（1999-6；2000-6…）3、问题解决型（2000-1；2001-1…）4、观点论证型（1997-1；1999-1…）5、应用文（2001-6；2002-1…）6一、现象解释型

2002-12ItPaystoBeHonest

1、当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象；

2、诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实二、对比选择型

2000-6IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary1、许多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由.2、也有人持不同意见…3.我的看法和打算7三、问题解决型

2000-1HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation

1、上大学的学费可以通过多种途径解决；

2、那种途径适合我（说明理由）。四、观点论证型

1999-1Don’tHesitatetoSay“No”1、别人在请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说“不”；

2、为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”；3、该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。8五、应用文

2002-1ALettertotheUniversityPresidentAbouttheCanteenServiceonCampus

假设你是李明，请你就本校的食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。9一、如何写主题句（TopicSentence)1、主题句也就是段落大意句，是说明段落的主题或中心思想的句子，它概括地提供中心思想发展的线索，并规定段落发展的范围。2、主题句的结构：限制主题（limitedtopic)加上作者对此主题的意见（opinion),态度(attitude)，印象(impression)以及反应(reaction)。

注意：1)主题不要写得太宽也不要太窄。

2）主题句必须是一个完整的句子，而不是短语或从句10二、段落的展开（扩展句的写作）

扩展句是指一个段落中除了主题句以外的说明中心思想的其它句子。可以从正面论述也可以从反面论述。论述的方法可以用举例法、列举法、因果法、比较对比法、分类法、定义法等。1、列举法(listing)：可以使用的转承词

Firstofall;Next;Also;MostimportantForonething…Foranother…Firstly;Secondly;LastlyTobeginwith;Inaddition;Besides;FurthermoreFirst;Tomakemattersworse;Worstofall…2、举例法(Examples)

：

Forexample//forinstance//take…asanexample//acaseinpoint…11三、因果法（CauseandEffect)

Onereason…Anotherreason…Finally//notthat…butthat//because//owingto//thanksto四、定义法（Definition)通过阐明事物的性质和特征来发展段落的方法。五、分类法（Classification)将人或物依据不同的特点进行分类来展开段落的方法。六、比较对比法（ComparisonandContrast)比较两类事物的相同点和不同点

12三、结尾句的写作

1、一段的最后一句应该标志着对主题的态度、意见、思想的结束。2、段落的结束常常有三种方式：（1）对全段的总结（2）综上所叙述，得出结论（3）自然结尾

3、通常概括和总结段落内容的句子由这些词引出：

Afterall//Inaword//Inbrief//Inconclusion//Inshort//Insummary//Tosumup//Onthewholetherefore//consequently/Asaconsequence13实用英语作文常用句型

(请注意各句型意思及适用范围)14一、文章开头句型1、观点法

1)Whenitcomesto…,mostpeoplethink…,butinmyopinion,…(当谈到……大多数人认为……,但是在我看来……)2)Nowadays/Recently,moreandmorepeoplebecomeawarethat…(最近越来越多的人意识到……)152、现象法1)Thesedaysweoftenhearaboutthat…2)Withtherapiddevelopmentof…,…hasbecomeafrequentlydiscussedtopic.3)Recentlytheproblem…hasarousedwideconcern/attention.4)Inrecentyears,manypeoplehavebeenfaced/troubledwiththe/aseriousproblem.5)Oneofthepressing/interestingproblemfacingus/oursocietytodayis…163、引用法1）Thereisafrequentlyquoted/citedproverb“…”,whichshowstheimportanceof…2）Asthesayinggoesthat…4、比较法1)Peopleusedtothink…,butthingsaredifferent.Infact,…2)Weareoftentoldthesedaysthat…,butisthisreallythecase?17二、文章结尾句型1、结论型

1)Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecancometoaconclusionthat…2)Insummary/Inaword,itisimportant…2、后果型

Obviously,ifweignoretheproblem…,itisverylikelythat…3、号召型

1)Itis(high)timethatweurgedanendto…2)Itisnecessarythatstepsshouldbetakento…184、建议型

1)Effectivemeasures(有效的措施)shouldbetakento…2)Inshort,weshouldsparenoeffort（不遗余力）to…5、方向型

1)Wemayhavealongwaytogobefore…2)Thetimewillsurelycomewhenwe…

19三、段落扩展句型1、实例列举

1）…isoftencitedasanexample.2)Inmyopinion,…isagoodcaseinpointtoshow(theimportanceof…)3)Take…asanexample.2、原因分析

1)Therearemanyreasonsfor…2)Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.First,….Second,….Third,….3)Themainreasonsforthisproblemareasfollow:Firstofall,….Inaddition,….Finally,….4)…isnotbecause…,butbecause…5)…isalsoresponsiblefor(thechange)…203、后果分析

1)Thereareanumberofeffects…2)Itleavessomeseriousconsequencessuchas…,…,andsoon.3)Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems…4、比较对照

1)Theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.Inthefirstplace,….2)Asacoinhastwosides,everythinghasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.3)…and…haveseveralthingsincommon.First,….Second,…4)…and…differinseveralways.Inthefirstplace,…215、推理判断

1)Anyonewiththeleastknowledgecantell…2)Ifthisisreallythecase,wemay…6、事实引出

1)Noonecandenythefactthat…2)Allreliabledatajustifytheview…3)Itisself-evidentthat…7、数据引用

1)…increased/decreasedby…percent.2)…thenumberhasmorethandoubled,asagainst…3)Itaccountsfor…percentofthetotal.228、直接批驳

1)Itistruethat…,butthatisnottosay…2)Thereisnoreasontobelievethat…9、引起重视

1)Theproblem…deservesgreatattention.2)Itishardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithout…3)…isofgreatimportancetohumanbeings.23大学英语四级作文写作速成方法

英语模版写作241、现象解释型样板：

(1)Asisknowntoall,_______.(2)Peopleseemtogetaccustomedto_____.(3)Infact,________.

(4)Thereasonsof____lieinseveralaspects.(5)Firstly,_____.(6)Secondly,_____.(7)Thirdly,_____.(8)Finally,_____.

(9)Asamatteroffact,______.(10)Ontheonehand,_____.(11)Ontheotherhand,_____.(12)Therefore,_______.

25

2002-12ItPaystoBeHonest1.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象；

2诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实1）现象部分：描写普遍现象2）解释部分：为什么出现这种现象（原因…)3）表明作者态度部分（我的看法）

（1）Asisknowntoall,

weoftenhearcomplaintsaboutdishonesty.（2）Peopleseemtogetaccustomedto

manydishonestbehaviors.（3）Infact,

therearedishonestpracticeineverywalkofourlives.26(4)Thereasonsof

socialdishonesty

lieinseveralaspects.(5)Firstly,mostpeopleneglectmoralvaluesinpursueoftheirmaterialbenefits.(6)Secondly,

unfaircompetitionworsenthesituation.(7)Thirdly,welackpowerfulandeffectivelawstocopewiththisproblem.(8)Finally,manydishonestpeoplemayescapepunishmenteasily.(9)Asamatteroffact,inmyopinion,tobehonestwillbegoodforboththehonestpeopleandothers.(10)Ontheonehand,behavingyourselfinanhonestwaycanwinrespectfromothers.(11)Ontheotherhand,beinghonestisanessentialsteptowardsourspiritualcivilization.(12)Therefore,itpaystobehonestinthelongrun.272、问题解决型样板

(1)Nowadays,thereisagrowingconcernon______.(2)Itiscertainthat_____.(3)However,_____.

(4)

Itwillcausemanyseriousresultsif______.(5)

Firstly,______.(6)

Secondly,______.(7)

Finally,______.(8)Inspiteofallthese,therearestillmanyways_______.(9)Firstofall,______.(10)Inaddition,____.(11)Thirdly,_____.(12)Onlyinthisway,____.28例一：HowtoDealwithAnger?1.许多人容易生气，而专家提醒，生气危害健康；2.如何有效地控制或减轻愤怒情绪；3.我的看法问题部分：激烈的竞争让许多人容易生气，而专家提醒如果处理不当，生气严重危害健康；解决部分：如何有效地控制或减轻？冷静、幽默、找出生气的原因等等。表明作者态度部分：我的看法29

HowtoDealwithAnger?

（1）Nowadays,thereisagrowingconcernover

themethodstocopewithanger.(2)

Itiscertainthat

angerisveryharmfultoourhealth.(3)

However,

noteveryoneknowshowtocopewithangerintherightway.

(4)

Itwillcausemanyseriousresultsif

wearekeptinanger.(5)

Firstly,angermaycausevariousdisease.(6)

Secondly,

angermayspoilourrelationshipwithfriends.(7)

Finally,ourangerwillonlymakeeverythingworse.

30

(8)

Inspiteofallthese,therearemanymethodstodealwithangerwithreasons.(9)

Firstofall,weshoulddecidewhetherthecausedeserveourangerornot.(10)

Inaddition,wemaytrytoseehumorwhenweareintrouble.(11)

Thirdly,wemustlistentoadvicesofothers.(12)

Onlyinthisway

canwecalmdownbeforewecopewithanyproblem.313、对比选择型样板

(1)Thereisaheateddebateover____.(2)Itiscommonlyacceptedthat______.(3)Incontrast,others______.

(4)Thosewhoholdthefirstopinionsuggest______.(5)Intheirview,_____.(6)However,othersthink______.(7)Theyarguethat_____.

(8)Consideringoneafteranother,Istandonthesideof______.(9)Firstofall,______.(10)Furthermore,_______.(11)Thirdly,_________.(12)Therefore______.32

2000-6IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary

许多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由.也有人持不同意见…3.我的看法和打算

1段）引出两种不同的观点；2段）一部分人的看法：支持、赞同；另一部分人的看法：反对、不支持3段）作者的态度：我的观点

AtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest.Thisnewscausesaheateddebateover

thenecessityofthetest.Itiscommonlyacceptedthat

suchatestinChinaisverynecessary.Incontrast,othersthinkitunnecessary.33

Thosewhoholdthefirstopinionsuggestthat

speakingabilityisveryimportantintoday’ssociety.Intheirview,atestofspokenEnglishwillurgecollegestudentstoimprovetheiroralEnglish.However,othersthinkthat

writingskillswouldbeenoughfordailyuse.Theyarguethat

spokenEnglishdoesnotnecessarilymeanbetteropportunities.

Consideringoneafteranother,Istandonthesideofthe

formeridea.Firstofall,Englishaslanguageisatoolfororalcommunication.Furthermore,

theabilitytospeakEnglishfluentlyisamustforusinthemoreopenChina.Thirdly,thetestwillhelpusinourjob-seeking.Therefore,thetestofspokenEnglishisnecessary.344、观点论证型样板

(1)Itiswellknownthat_______.(2)Thetruthofitisself-evident.(3)Noonedeny___.(4)Therefore,____.

(5)

Manyexamplescanbefoundtoprove______.(6)

Take___asatypicalexample.(7)

People_______.(8)

Furthermore,____.(9)Itgoeswithoutsayingthat____.(10)Then,_____.(11)Thereisnodoubtthat______.(12)Inconclusion_____.35例一：

CompetitionandCooperation

1、当今社会处处存在竞争(观点部分：竞争是社会普遍现象）；2、竞争离不开合作，例如…（例证部分，如足球）3、我的看法（作者态度）例二：

HealthandHappiness1、每个人都想获得财富，财富似乎就是幸福；2、其实世界上有许许多多东西是财富换不来的。（1）观点部分：金钱并不代表幸福；金钱不是万能的，但是没有钱是万万不能的。（2）论证部分：其实世界上有许许多多东西是财富换不来的如：友谊、爱情、健康等。（3）作者态度：幸福的构成多样化，友谊、爱情、健康、知识。36

Competitionandcooperation

（1）Itiswellknownthat

competitionexistsineverycornerofthesociety.(2)Thetruthofitisself-evident.(3)Noonecandenythatthemoredevelopedthesocietyis,themorefiercethecompetitionis.(4)Therefore,competitionwillplayanimportantroleinfuturesociety.

(5)

Manyexamplescanbefoundtoprovethat

competitionisnotalwayscontrarytocooperation.

(6)

Takefootballgameasatypicalexample.

(7)

People

havetoadmitthateachmemberoftheteammustcooperatewithhisteammates.(8)Furthermore,thereluctancetocooperatewitheachother

willdefinitelycauseafailureinamatch.37(9)Itgoeswithoutsayingthat

competitionhasmuchtodowithcooperation.(10)Then,weshouldstrengthencooperationinateamwork.(11)There

isnodoubtthat

mosttasksareaccomplishedbyacooperativeteam.(12)Inconclusion,competitionoftengoeshandinhandwithcooperation.385、应用文样板

1）建议信样板Dear__,

（1）Iamdelightedtolearnthat___.(2)Severalyearshaspassedsince____.(3)Inmyopinion,______.(4)Ontheonehand,___(5)Ontheotherhand,___.(6)AstofamoussitesIsuggest___(7)If__.(8)Itisnecessaryforyouto___.(9)Inaddition,__.(10)Iamsure___.(11)Pleaseinformme_____.(12)Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.SincerelyYours，39例一：

DearAllison,

Iamdelightedtolearnthat

youplantotakeavisitinChinafortendaysinnextmonth.Severalyearshaspassed

sinceIcamefromyourcountry.Inmyopinion,payingavisittoBeijingisyourbestchoice.Ontheonehand,BeijingisthecapitalcityofChina.Ontheotherhand,Beijingisaplaceofinterest.

Asto

thefamoussites,Isuggestthat

youshouldvisittheGreatWallforthefirst3days,whichmayshowyouahistoryof2000years.Ifyou

areenergeticenough,wecanvisittheSummerPalace.Itisunnecessaryforyouto

bringanythingexceptyourcamera.Inaddition,IadviseyoutasteChinesefood.Iamsureyouwillhaveaverygoodvisit.

Pleaseinformme

beforeyousetoff.Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.

SincerelyYours,

Tom402）批评、抱怨、投诉信样板

Dear____,

Mynameis_____.(2)Iam_________.Iventuretowriteyoualetterabout____.(4)Thefocusofthecomplai