第08讲Unit3单词词组短语知识点讲解（原卷版）

第08讲Unit3FitforLife单词词组短语知识点讲解1．了解本单元的单词和词组等重要语言点。2．可以根据本节课的内容来完成一些习题。1.affectv．影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动【词块积累】(1)beaffectedby 受……的影响;被……感动beaffectedwith 感染……疾病(2)affection n.喜爱(3)effect n.作用;影响haveaneffect/influenceon 对……产生影响[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵*Hespendstoomuchtimeonmaths,andthisinturnaffectstheprogressofhisothersubjects.他在数学上花了太多时间,而这反过来又影响了其他科目的进步。*Withthegovernment’said,thoseaffectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.在政府的帮助下,受地震影响的人都搬到了新的定居点。*Ifeelmuchaffectionformymum,whosewordsandactionshaveapositiveeffectonme.我深爱我的妈妈,她的言行对我有积极的影响。[单句语法填空/单句写作]①Recently，theseactions(affect)theecologicalbalance.②Mymotherhadagreataffectionthepoemwhensheretired.③他们会受到某些体内化学物质的影响。.④我依然对母校怀有深深的喜爱之情。.2.identifyvt.找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份【词块积累】(1)identifysth./sb.as... 认定某事物/某人是……identifyoneself 证明自己的身份(2)identification n.鉴定,识别;认同;身份证明identificationcard=identitycard 身份证[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵*Havingidentifiedtheproblem,thequestionarisesofhowtoovercomeit.发现了问题之后,就产生了如何克服它的问题。*Scientistshaveidentifiedalinkbetweendietandcancer.科学家发现了饮食与癌症之间的关联。*Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.会员们登录该网站,注册他们拥有并愿意分享的图书。BookCrossing提供了一个可以粘在书里的识别号码。[单句语法填空/单句写作]①Aftersharingthestoryonline，Iheardfromsomeone，whoidentifiedtheladyErinSmith.②Toonegroup，he(identify)asAfrican-American，andanotherwastoldhewasBlack.③他认同书中的故事。.④在登机之前，我们被要求出示身份证。.3.relatevt.&vi.联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述【词块积累】(1)relateAto/withB 把……和……联系起来relatesth.tosb. 给……讲述……relateto 涉及;与……相关;谈到(2)related 有关系的,有关联的;讲述的,叙述的berelatedto 与……有关[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Wearecommittedtoimproving(relate)withallcountriesintheworld.②Consideringthefailureofthepreviousplan，thisturnedouttobea(relate)success.③Itisrequiredthatthecomposition(relate)tothestudents’life.④Theplaywhichtookplacealongtimeago.这个剧本和一个久远的爱情故事有关。4.prohibitvt.阻止，禁止【词块积累】(1)prohibition n.禁止;禁令prohibitionagainst... 禁止……(2)禁止某人做某事:bansb.fromdoingsth.forbidsb.fromdoingsth.forbidsb.todosth.(3)阻止某人做某事:preventsb.fromdoingsth.stopsb.fromdoingsth.keepsb.fromdoingsth.[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵*Thehighcostofequipmentprohibitsmanypeoplefromtakingupthissport.昂贵的装备令许多人对这项运动望而却步。*Privatecarsareprohibitedinthetouristspots,sothetransportationisallelectricbus.旅游景点禁止私家车驶入,所以交通工具都是电动公共汽车。【知识微练】语法填空(1)We’llprohibitinsurancecompanies_____denyingcoveragebecauseofaperson’smedicalhistory.(2)Peopleshould____________(prohibit)fromusingplasticbagstoeliminatewhitepollution.

(3)Theprohibition_______drivingundertheinfluenceofdrugsoralcoholwillsavemanylives.[完成句子]①Themeantthatthebookcouldnotbesoldinthiscountry.这道禁令意味着该书不能在这个国家出售。②Theythearticleswithadvertisementcharacter.他们禁止发表带有广告性质的文章。5.resistancen．抵抗；反抗；抵抗力(1)drugresistance抗药性，耐药性(2)resistvi.&vt.抵抗，抗拒；忍耐resistdoingsth.抵制做某事；反对做某事resistthetemptation抵制诱惑[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①Thefindingshouldleadtonewstrategiestofightdrugresistance.②Ultimately，theyfindthesekindsofthingsextremelyboring，andtheywillresistdoingthem.③Unabletoresistthetemptation，manychildrenturntheirattentionfromprintedtextstothelesschallenging，morevividmovingpictures.许多孩子无法抵抗诱惑，将注意力从印刷文本转移到难度较小、但更生动的动画上。[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Nowadays，teenagerswhohavegreatpressuremayfinditdifficult(resist)peerpressure(同龄人的压力)．②Thebankstronglyresist(cut)interestrates(降低利率)，whilethepublicholdtheoppositeattitude.③Suchmisuseofmedicinescanleadto，soweshouldtakesomemeasurestopreventthisfromhappening.这样滥用药物会导致抗药性，因此我们应该采取一些措施避免此类事情的发生。④Althoughhewasshortofmoney，hecouldn’tthesebooks.尽管资金不足，但他忍不住买这些书。6.meansn．(单复数同形)手段；方法【词块积累】bymeansof 用……办法;借助……bythismeans 用这种方法byallmeans 尽一切方法;务必bynomeans=notbyanymeans 决不,一点也不ameansof... 一种……的方式[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵*Hemadelotsofmoneybymeansofworkinghardandsetasidesomeforhisson.他通过努力工作赚了很多钱,还留了一些给儿子。*Andyou’dbetterpracticeusingchopsticksinadvance,whichisalsoameansofshowingyourgoodtablemanners.你最好提前练习使用筷子,这也是显示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。*Furthermore,punishmentisbynomeansawisechoicetohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.此外,惩罚绝不是帮助他们身心成长的明智选择。【知识微练】语法填空(1)Watchingfilmsisregardedas______goodmeansofentertainment.(2)Hegotintothehouse_______meansofanopenwindow.(3)Everypossiblemeans_____________(try),butnonehasworked.

(4)Withoutknowledge,bynomeans____weachieveourlifegoal.【完成句子】①Watchingfilmsisregardedasentertainment.看电影被视为是一种很好的娱乐方式。②Hehasgotbothcorrespondingeducationandtalentsandisequaltothisjob.他既接受过相应的教育又有天赋，当然可以胜任这份工作。③Bymeansofmoderntechnologyweareabletocommunicatewitheachotherinstantly.通过现代技术，我们可以相互即时通信。④Therearemanypeoplewhoseculturesareundeveloped，butthelanguagestheyspeakareprimitive.有许多人的文化水平不高，但他们说的语言绝不是原始的。7.arisevi.(arose，arisen)出现；发生；上升；起立；起身；由(……)引起，(因……)产生(1)arisefrom由……引起，产生ariseoutof由……而引起，产生于(2)raisevt.举起；提高；增加raiseone’sawarenessof...提升某人的……意识(3)risevi.上升，增长原形过去式过去分词现在分词arise

vi.

发生,

出现;

引起arosearisenarisingarouse

vt.

唤醒;

激起arousedarousedarousingrise

vi.

升起;

起身;

增长;

上升roserisenrisingraise

vt.

举起;

抚养;

饲养raisedraisedraising*Asisknowntoall,emotionalormentalproblemscanarisefromaphysicalcause.众所周知,身体上的原因可以引起情绪或精神上的问题。*Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhiledriving.Accidentsoftenarisefromcarelessness.开车时你越小心越好。事故往往是由疏忽大意造成的。*Problemsaroseoutofthelackofcommunication.由于缺乏沟通而产生了问题。【知识微练】写出下列句中黑体部分的含义(1)Seeinghismotherreturnhome,theboyarosefromhischairimmediately. (2)Newproblemswillariseoneafteranotherinthefuture. (3)Theyaroseatsunrisetogetanearlystarttothepark. (4)Thenumberofroadaccidentsandthedeathsarisingfromthoseaccidentshasincreasedoverthepastyear.完成句子①Inagoodmarriage，bothhusbandandwifeworkhardtotackleanyproblemsthat.在一桩美满的婚姻中，夫妻双方共同致力于解决出现的任何问题。②Emotionalproblemscanaphysicalcause，soitisveryimportanttostayphysicallyhealthy.身体不适可引起情绪问题，所以保持身体健康很重要。③Manypeopleparticipatedinthecampaignwhichaimstothedangersofpassivesmoking.很多人参加了这项运动，它旨在使人们意识到被动吸烟的危害。8.doubtn．怀疑；疑问；疑惑(1)indoubt不确定，拿不准Thereisnodoubtthat...毫无疑问……(2)doubtv．怀疑；不信；恐怕；拿不准doubtabout...怀疑……doubtwhether/if...怀疑是否……(3)doubtfuladj.怀疑的；难以预测的①intheInternetera，onemustgetagoodcommandofcomputerskillstobesuccessfulingettingagoodjob.毫无疑问，互联网时代，人们必须掌握良好的计算机技能才能获得一份好工作。②Herosetohisfeetinafurytoleavenodoubtwherehestoodontheissue.他怒不可遏地站起身来，这就清楚地表明了他在这个问题上的立场。③Peopledoubthecanwintheelectionforthepresident.人们怀疑他是否能赢得总统的选举。9.adjustvt.&vi.调整，调节；适应；习惯；整理【词块积累】(1)adjust...to(doing)... 调整……以适应(做)……adjustto 调节;调整以适应adjustoneselfto... 使自己适应……(2)adjustment n.调整;调节;适应makeanadjustment/adjustmentsto... 对……作出调整(3)adjustable adj.可调节的[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵*(2020·浙江高考)Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersectionsignalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.贝尔维尤是西雅图东部一座快速发展的城市,它使用的一种系统在美国越来越受欢迎:十字路口信号可以根据交通状况实时调整。*Withtheassistanceofhisteacher,hegraduallyadjustedtotheschoollife.在老师的帮助下,他逐渐适应了学校生活。*Sinceyouhavesettleddowninanewcountry,youhavetomakeanadjustmenttothenewenvironment.既然你已经在一个新的国家安顿下来了,你就必须适应新的环境。*Whenyouarrivethere,you’dbettertrytoadjustyourselftothenewlifeassoonaspossible.当你到达那里时,你最好尽量使自己尽快适应新的生活。[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Ittookherawhiletoadjustto(live)alone.②Theyshouldeithermonitortheirwebsitesbetteroradjusttheirwebsitestheneedsofyoungerusers.③Hewillhavetohisthinkingifheistosurviveintheoffice.他要想继续任职的话，就得对他的思维方式做大的调整。10.datebackto追溯到，始于，自……至今【词块积累】(1)datebackto=datefrom 追溯到……(2)outofdate 过时的,陈旧的uptodate 最近的,新式的,现代的dateofbirth(DB) 出生日期[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵*Theissueisnotanewone.Itdatesbacktothe1930satleast.这杂志不是新的,它至少可以追溯到20世纪30年代。*Paper-cutsofanimalshavebeenfoundintombswhichdatebackover1,500years.人们已经在1500多年前的墓穴中发现了动物剪纸。*Mostofthesechurchesdatefrombetweenthe12thand14thcenturies.这些教堂大多建于12到14世纪之间。[单句语法填空/单句写作]①Itappearedonsomeofthefirstpostcards，andwasthesubject(主体)ofacoupleoftheearliestphotos，(date)allthewaybacktothe1800s.②Theattractionofthecloistersmuseumandgardensliesinthefactthatitscollectionsdatethemiddleages.③人们认为中国书法可以至少追溯到汉代。.11.switchvi.&vt.转变；交换；调班n．开关，闸；转变，改变【词块积累】(1)switchover 转接;转换;切换switchsth.over(around) 交换;调换;转换;对调switchbetweenAandB 在A和B之间切换switchoff/on 关闭/打开(2)powerswitch 电源开关alightswitch 电灯开关aswitchfrom...to... 从……到……的改变[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.工程师们还在尝试开发一种开关,使光在日光下会消失。*(2020·浙江高考)InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.在Bellevue,转换为可调节的信号灯在欢迎新方法的价值方面给我们上了一课。*IfIhadtogiveuponeofthem,IwouldturnofftheTVratherthanswitchoffmycellphone.如果我必须放弃其中的一个,我宁愿关掉电视也不愿关掉手机。*Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollutioninthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.这一转变减少了该国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水更安全。[单句语法填空/句型转换]①Haveyoueverforgotten(switch)offtheTVorcomputer?②Wecan’tstopglobalwarmingjustbybeinggoodinthefuture.Wehavetostartbeinggoodnow.→Wecan’tglobalwarmingjustbybeinggoodinthefuture.Wehavetostartbeinggoodnow.12.anxietyn．焦虑；担心；渴望(1)one’sanxietyabout/oversth.焦虑某事；忧虑某事(2)anxiousadj.焦虑的，忧虑的beanxiousabout/beanxiousfor忧虑，担心(3)anxiouslyadv.忧虑地；不安地[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①Poetrywrittenfromtheperspectiveoftheurbanyouthtendstorevealtheiranxietyoveralackofsenseofbelonging.从城市青年的角度写出的诗往往流露出了他们对归属感缺失的焦虑。②Itisouranxietyforbeingsuccessfulthatsupportsustoovercomeallkindsofdifficulties.③Tom’sanxietytosucceedmotivateshimtoworkhard.④Withoutdoubt，parentsareanxiousforthewelfareoftheirchildren.[单句语法填空]①(anxious)IwenttobeddreamingaboutwhatIwouldfindatthetopofthismagicalmountain.②Aschildrengrew，theybecame(anxious)togetmorepublicapproval.③MillionsofjoblessAmericansmightbesufferingin(anxious)andlackingasenseofsecurity.13.disturbvt.打扰；搅乱；使不安【词块积累】(1)Itdisturbssb.todosth. 做某事令某人不安(2)disturbing adj.令人不安的;打扰的,烦人的(3)disturbed adj.有精神病的;心理不正常的;心神不安的(4)disturbance n.干扰;骚乱[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵*Notonlydoonlinerumorscausepeopleinpanic,buttheydisturbpublicorder.网络谣言不仅使人们恐慌,而且扰乱了公共秩序。*Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you’dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.如果你想扰乱汽车行业,你最好有几十亿美元:夫妻店汽车制造商不太可能打败最大的汽车公司。*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomethingdisturbinghappeningaroundhishome.16岁时,莫莱开始注意到家里发生了一些令人不安的事情。【知识微练】语法填空(1)It_________(disturb)metoreadthatanewepidemichadbrokenout.(2)Wecan’tfocusonourhomeworkbecauseofthe_________(disturb)noise.(3)Iwasdeeply_________(disturb)anddepressedbythenews.(4)Thebuildingworkiscreatingconstantnoise,dustand___________(disturb).14.evidencen．证据，证明；物证，人证vt.证明，表明【词块积累】(1)evidenceof/forsth. 某事的证明inevidence 显眼的,明显的,可看见的(2)evident adj.明显的;明白的Itisevidentthat 很明显,显而易见的是(3)evidently adv.显然,明显地;清楚地[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵*ItisevidentthatthereexistedmanytraditionalChinesecultures,butfewofthemhavesurvivedintothepresent.很明显,中国有很多传统文化,但是很少有能流传到现在的。*Shewasevidentlyextremelyshockedatthenews.她听到这消息时显然非常震惊。*Thereisagreatdealofevidenceindicatingthatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.有大量证据表明,音乐活动涉及大脑的不同部分。*Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencethattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.虽然在北纬88度的地区它们很罕见,但有证据表明它们遍布整个北极,甚至南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。【知识微练】语法填空(1)Thediscoveryofnew________(evident)ledtothethief’sbeingcaught.(2)FromthelookonMary’sface,itwasevident____they’vefoundnoevidencesofarwhohadstolenthecomputersintheoffice.(3)Wefoundfurtherscientificevidence___thistheory.(4)Wehavenofirmevidence_________(support)thecase.

完成句子①Thereisconvincingofalinkbetweenexposuretosunandskincancer.有可靠证据表明日光曝晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。②Gradually，wefoundfurtherscientific.我们逐渐找到了进一步的证实这种理论的科学根据。③thisremarkswereveryhurtful，whichbrokeherheart.显然，他的话很伤人，伤透了她的心。15.abusevt.滥用；虐待；辱骂n．滥用；虐待；辱骂【词块积累】(1)alcohol/drug/powerabuse 酗酒;嗜毒;滥用权力(2)abuseof... 滥用……(3)abused adj.受虐待的[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵*Hewasarrestedonchargesofcorruptionandabuseofpower.他因被控贪污腐化和滥用职权而遭逮捕。*Hehasalreadybeensentencedtosixyearsinjailforabuseofpower.他已经因滥用职权而被判6年监禁。*Iwasleftshoutingabuseasthecarspedoff.当车加速离去时,我在那里破口大骂。*Janethadbeenabusedbyherfathersinceshewaseleven.珍妮特自从11岁起就被她的父亲虐待。[写出下面句子中abuse的词性及汉语意义]①Heabusedalcoholandtobacco，sohewasphysicallyunhealthy.②Maryhasadifficultlifeandisoftenabusedbyherstepmother.③Hisparentsoftencriticizeandabusehimwithsharpwords.④Toourshock，thepersonofhighranksufferedalotfromdrugabuse.⑤Depressedteensmayalcoholorotherdrugsasawaytofeelbetter.抑郁症青少年可能滥用酒精或其他药物作为一种使自己感觉好一点的方法。⑥Theyshouldneverbeallowedtoandposition.绝不允许他们滥用职权。16.infectionn.传染;感染*AIDSlowersthebody’sresistancetoinfection.艾滋病降低了身体的抗感染能力。*Theriskofinfectionisapparentlyhigheramongchildren.儿童受到感染的危险性要高得多。*Thewoundfromthedogbitehadbecomeinfected.狗咬的伤口感染了。【词块积累】(1)beexposedtoinfection 暴露于易受感染的环境theriskofinfection 传染的危险crossinfection 交叉感染(2)infect vt.感染,传染beinfectedwith 染上……(3)infectious adj.传染的;传染性的(4)infective adj.有传染性的,感染别人的【知识微练】语法填空(1)Thevictimsmayget_______(infect)orevendie.(2)Thedoctortheresaidthatshewouldbeindangerofdeathifthe________(infect)spread.(3)Symptomsappearsevendaysormoreafterthe________(infec