2023年考研考博考博英语中国传媒大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语中国传媒大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Themagicianpicked（）severalfromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.问题1选项A.byaccidentB.onoccasionC.atrandomD.onaverage2.单选题Anambulancemusthavepriorityasitusuallyhastodealwithsomekindof（）.问题1选项A.crisisB.urgencyC.emergencyD.emergence3.单选题Hemadearough（）ofthefirstfloorofthatbuilding,showinguswherehisofficewaslocated.问题1选项A.paintingB.illustrationC.drawingD.sketch4.单选题Alanisagoodfootballplayerandneverbreaks（）.问题1选项A.legalB.regulationsC.limitationD.agreement5.单选题Iwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,somychoicewasquite（）.问题1选项A.artisticB.artificialC.arbitraryD.mechanical6.单选题In2008therewerefearsthatwemightenteranothereconomic（）asbadasthe1930s.问题1选项A.dropB.recessionC.decreaseD.slump7.单选题

Itissuggestedthatallgovernmentministersshould（）informationontheirfinancialinterests.问题1选项A.discoverB.uncoverC.tellD.disclose8.单选题Thewind（）thelightoftheoillamp.问题1选项A.swayedB.vibratedC.shookD.flickered9.单选题Ifyousawadoctorleavingahouse,youmight（）thatsomeoneinthehousewasill.问题1选项A.induceB.deduceC.reduceD.refer10.单选题Themultinationalcorporationwasmakingatake-over（）forapropertycompany.问题1选项A.applicationB.bidC.proposalD.suggestion11.单选题Thepatient'sprogresswasveryencouragingashecould（）getoutofbedwithouthelp.问题1选项A.nearlyB.hardlyC.merelyD.barely12.单选题Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelong,thinpowderfuseanalogy?2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（）.3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto（）.5.Theword“demographic”,inthefirstparagraphmeans（）.问题1选项A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.问题2选项A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplacesC.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditionsD.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren问题3选项A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000.B.About50,000babiesareborneverysixhoursatpresent.C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.问题4选项A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfutureB.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsD.presentusaclearandcompletepicture’ofthedemographicgrowth问题5选项A.statisticsofhumanB.surroundingsstudyC.accumulationofhumanD.developmentofhuman13.单选题Theboysinthedorm（）acointodecidewhowouldcleanthefloor.问题1选项A.heldB.tossedC.putD.collected14.单选题Theprisonerhasbeen（）ofmanyprivilegesthataveragecitizensenjoy.问题1选项A.ensuresB.informedC.deprivedD.convinced15.翻译题AnothermilestoneonthejourneytowardsdigitalcashwaspassedonNovember13th.Thatdatemarkedtheemergencefrombeta-testinginAmericaofV.me,a“digitalwallet”thatholdsmultiplepaymentcards,inavirtualrepository(容器).1.Insteadofprovidingtheirpersonaldetailandcardnumberstopayforstuffonline,customersjustenterausernameandapassword.TheserviceisprovidedbyVisa,agiantcard-paymentnetworkwhoseheadquartersisintheheartofSiliconValley,closetoahostoftechnologyfirmswhichwouldlovetogettheirhandsonachunkoftheglobalpaymentsbusiness.TheshorttermnewtechnologyisactuallyboostingusageofplasticSmartphoneappsoftenrequireuserstoentertheircarddetailstopayforservices.FirmssuchasSquareandPayPalhavedevelopedtinycardreadersthatplugintosmartphonesandallowsmalltradersusingtheirfewertoacceptpaymentscheaply.EdMcLaughlin,whooverseesemergingpaymentstechnologiesatMasterCard,reckonssuchdevelopmentshaveadded1.2mnewbusinessesoverthepast12monthstothecardfirmslistofmerchants.2.Butevenifplasticcardseventuallygothewayofvinylrecords(黑胶唱片),cardnetworksshouldstillprosperbecausetheytooareinvestingheavilyinnewtechnologyandhaveseveralbuilt-inadvantages.VisaisbettinghasmemberbanscanhelpittonarrowthegapwithrivalslikePayPal,forinstance,whichispartofe-Bayandhasgrownto11mactiveusers,thanksinparttoitsuseontheauctionsite.Over50financialinstitutionsaresupportingthelaunchofV.me,whichacceptsnon-visacardsinitswallet,tooMasterCardandothersarealsotoutingdigitalwallets,someofwhichcanholddigitalcouponsandticketsaswellascarddetails.Beforelongallofthesewalletsarelikelytoenduponmobilephones,whichcanbeusedtobuythingsinstoresandotherplaces.ThisiswherefirmssuchasSquare,whichhasdevelopeditsownelegantandeasy-to-usemobilewalletandGooglehavebeenfocusingplentyofenergy.JenniferSchulz,Visa’sglobalheadofe-commerce,predictstherewillbeashake-outthatleavesonlyafewwalletprovidersstanding.Thankstotheirtrustedbrands,bigbudgetsandpaymentssavvy(机智，悟性),oneormorecardcompanieswillbeamongthem.Cardnetworksarealsotakingstakesininnovativefirmstokeepaneyeonpotentiallydisruptivetechnologies.Visaownspartofsquare,whichrecentlystruckadealwithStarbuckstomakeitsmobile-paymentserviceavailablein7,000ofthecoffeechainoutletsinAmerica,VisahasalsoinvestedinMonitise,amobile-bankingspecialist.AmericanExpress,foritspart,hassetupa$100mdigital-commercefund,oneofwhoseinvestmentsisiniZettle,aSquare-likefirmbasedinSweden.Sofarfewhavetriedtocreatenewpaymentssystemsfromscratch.Thosethathavetoyedwiththeidea,suchasISIS,aconsortiumoftelecomscompaniesinAmerica,haveconcludeditisfartoocostlyandpainfultodealwithregulators,setupanti-fraudsystemsandsoforth.Fearsaboutthesecurityofnew-fangledpaymentsystemsalsoplayintothehandsofestablishedcardfirms.Still,theycannotrelax.BryanKeane,ananalystatDeutscheRank,pointsoutrivaldigitalwalletscouldpromotealternativestocreditanddebitcards,includingstorevaluecardsanddirectbank-account-to-bank-accountpayments3.BigretailersinAmericahaveclubbedtogethertocreatetheirowndigitalwalletandarelikelytopromptuserstochoosethepaymentoptionsthatarecheapestforthechainsbyofferingthemincentiveslikecoupons.JackDorsey,thebossofSquareandaco-founderofTwitter,agreesthatdigitalwalletswillmakethetrade-offsbetweenvariouspaymentoptionsclearertoconsumerandreckonsthiswillforcecardnetworkstouptheirgame.“Theyhadamajorinnovation60yearsago”,hesays,“andtherehavebeenvery,veryfewinnovationssince”4.Someinthepaymentsworldmightquibble(狡辩)withthatbutonethingtheycanallagreeonisthatspreadofmobilepaymentswillbringmaymorecustomers.MasterCard'sMr.McLaughlinclaimsthat85%ofcommercestillinvolvescashandcheck.Asmobilepurchasestakeoff,moreofthisactivitywillmoveonline.5.Thebiggestprizeofallliesinemergingmarkets,wherealackoffinancialinfrastructureishasteningtheriseofphone-basedpaymentssystemsuchasM-PesawhichservesKenyaandseveralothermarket.VisahassnappedupFandom,whichspecializesinpaymentservetotheunbankedandunder-bankedinemergingmarkets;MasterCardhassetupajointventurecalledWandawithTelefonica,aSpanishtelecomfirm,whichaimtomobilepaymentsacrossLatinAmerica.Thepaymentsworldischangingfastbutthecardfirmsarenotabouttoletrivalsswipetheirbusiness.16.单选题Iknownowthatthemanwhosatwithmeonthewoodenstairsthathotsummernightoverthirty-fiveyearsagowasnotatallman.Buttoafive-year-old,hewasagiant.Wesatsidebyside,watchingthesungodownbehindtheoldTexacoservicestationacrossthebusystreet,astreetthatIwasneverallowedtocrossunlessaccompaniedbyanadult,orattheveryleast,anoldersibling.Cherry-scentedsmokefromGrandpa’spipekeptthehungrymosquitoesatbaywhilegray,wispyswirlsdancedaroundourheads.Nowandagain,heblewasmokeringandlaughedasItriedtotargettheholewithmyfinger.I,cladinacoolsummernight,andGrandpa,hissleevelessT-shirt,satwatchingthetraffic.Wecountedcarsandtriedtoguessthecolorsofthenextonetoturnthecorner:Onceagain,Iwascaughtinthemiddleofcircumstances,thefourthbornofsixchildren,itwasnotuncommonthatIwaseithertooyoungortoooldforsomething.ThisnightIwasboth.Whilemytwobabybrotherssleptinsidethehouse,mythreeoldersiblingsplayedwithfriendsaroundthecorner,whereIwasnotallowedtogo.IstayedwithGrandpa,andthatwasokaywithme.IwaswhereIwantedtobe.Mygrandfatherwasbabysittingwhilemymother,fatherandgrandmotherwentout.“Thirsty?”Grandpaasked,neverremovingthepipefromhismouth.“Yes”,wasmyreply.“HowwouldyouliketorunovertothegasstationthereandgetyourselfabottleofCoke?”Icouldn’tbelievemyears.HadIhearditright?Washetalkingtome?Onmyfamily’smodestincome,Cokewasnotapartofourbudgetordiet.AfewtantalizingsipswasallIhadeverhad,andcertainlynevermyownbottle.“Okay.”Irepliedshyly,alreadywonderinghowIwouldgetacrossthestreet.SurelyGrandpawasgoingtocomewithme.Grandpastretchedhislonglegoutstraightandreachedhishugehanddeepintothepocket.Icouldhearthefamiliarjanglingoftheloosechangehealwayscarried.Openinghisfist,heexposedamoundofsilvercoins.Theremusthavebeenamilliondollarsthere.Heinstructedmetopickoutadime.Afterhedepositedtherestofthechangebackintohispocket,hestoodup.“Okay.”Hesaid,helpingmedownthestairsandtothecurb,“I’mgoingtostayhereandkeepanearoutforthebabies,I’lltellyouwhenit’ssafetocross.YougoovertotheCokemachine,getyourCokeandcomebackout.Waitformetotellyouwhenit’ssafetocrossback.”Myheartpounded.Iclutchedmydimetightlyinmysweatypalm.Excitementtookmybreathaway.Grandpaheldmyhandtightly.Togetherwelookedupthestreetanddown,andbackupagain.Hesteppedoffthecurbandtoldmeitwassafetocross.HeletgoofmyhandandIran.IranfasterthanIhadeverrunbefore.Thestreetseemedwide.IwonderedifIwouldmakeittotheotherside.Reachingtheotherside,IturnedtofindGrandpa.Therehewas,standingexactlywherelefthim,smilingproudly.Iwaved.“Goon,hurryup,”heyelled.MyheartpoundedwildlyasIwalkedinsidethedarkgarage.Ihadbeeninsidethegaragebeforewithmyfather,mysurroundingswerefamiliar.IheardtheCoca-ColamachinemotorhummingevenbeforeIsawit.Iwalkeddirectlytothebigoldred-whitedispenser.Iknewwheretoinsertmydime.Ihadseenitdonebeforeandhadfantasizedaboutmomentmanytimes.Thebigoldmonstergreedilyacceptedmydime,andIheardthebottlesshift.OntiptoesIreachedupandopenedtheheavydoor.Theretheywere:oneneatrowofthickgreenbottles,necksstaringdirectlyatme,andicecoldfromtherefrigeration.Iheldthedooropenwithmyshoulderandgrabbedone.Withaquickyank,Ipulleditfreefromitsbondage.Anotheroneimmediatelytookitsplace.Thebottlewascoldinmysweatyhands.Iwillneverforgetthefeelingofthecoolglassonmyskin.Withtwohands,Ipositionedthebottleneckundertheheavybrassopenerthatwasboltedtothewall.Thecapdroppedintoanoldwoodenbox,andIreachedintoretrieveit.Itwascoldandbentinthemiddle,outIknewIneededtohavethissouvenir.Cokeinhand,Iproudlymarchedbackoutintotheearlyeveningdusk.Grandpawaswaitingpatiently.Hesmiled.“Stoprightthere”,heyelled.Oneortwocarsspedbyme,andonceagain,Grandpasteppedoffthecurb.“Comeon,now”hesaid,“run.”Idid.Coolbrownfoamsprayedmyhands.“Don’teverdothatalone,”hewarned,Iheldthecokebottletightly;fearfulhewouldmakemepouritintoacup,ruiningthisdreamcometrue.Hedidn’t.Onelongswallowofthecoldbeveragecooledmysweatingbody.Idon’tthinkIeverfeltsoproud.1.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,wecaninferthat（）.2.Bysaying“Iwascaughtinthemiddleofcircumstances”inthethirdparagraph,theauthormeans（）.3.Theauthor’sgrandpawasdescribedasbeingallthefollowingEXCEPT（）.4.FromthepassagewecaninferthattherelationshipbetweentheauthorandhisGrandpawas（）.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?问题1选项A.theauthorwouldpreferplayingwithhisthreeoldersiblingstostayingwithhisgrandpaB.theywerelivinginthesuburbswheretherewerenottoomuchtrafficontheroad.C.thegrandpawasalwaystheonetobabysitfortheauthorandhissiblings.D.theauthorenjoyedthetimethathespentwithhisgrandpa.问题2选项A.hewasfacingadilemmaanddidnotknowwhatdecisiontomakeB.hewascaughtwhenhewasdoingsomethingthathewasnotsupposedtodoC.hewaseithertooyoungortoooldforsomethingasthefourthbornofsixchildrenD.hewasdoingsomethingthatrequiredhimtoconsiderdifferentcircumstances问题3选项A.considerateB.stingyC.carefulD.kind问题4选项A.closeB.remoteC.tenseD.impossibletotell问题5选项A.ItwasthefirsttimethattheauthorcrossedthestreetbyhimselfB.ItwasthefirsttimethattheauthorwentinthatgarageC.TheauthorboughttheCoca-Colafromavendingmachine.D.Theauthor’sgrandpakeptaneyeonhimthewholetime.17.单选题Thepoliceare（）theprisoner’sstatementbyquestioningseveralwitnesses.问题1选项A.verifyingB.acknowledgingC.expressingD.confessing18.单选题

Thetasteofthefoodwasso（）thatitwashardlynoticeable.问题1选项A.superiorB.primeC.topicD.subtle19.单选题Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat（）decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.问题1选项A.urgentB.instantC.promptD.hasty20.单选题WhentheAmericanpsychologistWayneOatesdiedin1999,theNewYorkTimesbeganhisobituarybynotingtwofacts.First,themanhadauthoredanastonishing57books.Second—andpresumablynotcoincidentally—hehadcoinedthewordworkaholic.Oatesinventedthenew-ubiquitoustermina1968essay,inwhichheconfessedthathisownadditiontoindustriousnesshadbeenadisordersimilartosubstanceabuse.Ofcourse,heacknowledged,workaholismismuchmorerespectablethandrinkingafifthaday—morethesortofpersonalitytraitthatmighthelpsomeone,say,earnanobitinthepaperrecord.Whatprecisely,qualifiessomeoneasaworkaholic?There’sstillnosingleacceptedmedicaldefinition.Butpsychologistshavetriedtodistinguishpeoplemerelydevotedtotheircareersfromthetrueaddicts.Aseminal1992paperonhowtomeasuretheconditionarguedthatsufferersworknotonlycompulsivelybutalsowithlittleenjoyments.Newerdiagnostictestsattempttosingleoutthosewho,amongotherbehaviors,bingeandthensufferfromwithdrawal—justassomeonewouldwith,say,agamblingorcocainehabit.Evenasthepreciseoutlinesofworkaholismremainabitfuzzy,variousstudieshavetriedtoidentifyitsphysicalandemotionaleffects.AttheriskofcarryingonlikeaPfizerad:researchhasassociateditwithsleepproblems,weightgain,highbloodpressure,anxiety,anddepression.Thatistosaynothingofitstollonfamilymembers.Perhapsunsurprisingly,spousesofworkaholicstendtoreportunhappinesswiththeirmarriages.Havingaworkaholicparentishardlybetter.Astudyofcollegeundergraduatesfoundthatchildrenofworkaholicsscored72percenthigheronmeasuresofdepressionthanchildrenofalcoholics.Theyalsoexhibitedmore-severelevelsof“prettification"—atermfamilytherapistsuseforsonsanddaughterswho,asthepaperputit,’’areparentstotheirownparentsandsacrificetheirownneeds...toaccommodateandcarefortheemotionalneedsandpursuitsofparentsoranotherfamilymember."Howmanypeoplearetrueworkaholics?Onerecentestimatesuggeststhatabout10percentofU.S.adultsmightqualify;theproportionisashighas23percentamonglawyers,doctors,andpsychologists.Stillmorepeoplemaybeinclinedtocallthemselvesworkaholics,whetherornottheyactuallyare:in1998,27percentofCanadianstoldthecountry'sSocialSurveythattheywereworkaholics,including38percentofthosewithincomesover$80,000,(Evenamongthosewithnoincome,22percentcalledthemselvesworkaholics!Presumablysomewerebusyhomemakersandstudents.)Theconditionmaywellhaveacertainsocialcachet;asthepsychologistBryanRobinsononcepartinworkadditionmightbe“thebest-dressedmentalhealthproblem”ofthemall.Inoneoftherareeconomicsstudiesonthesubject,researchersfoundthattheeducatedandaffluentweremuchmorelikelythanlower-incomeAmericanstoputoffretirement,apossiblesignofworkaholisminaddition.Suchdelayedretirementcertainlygivesnewmeaningtothephrase“worktodeath”.Forwhatitisworth,theconceptwouldnotraisemanyeyebrowsinJapan,wheregruelingjobhourshavelongbeenanorm,andthereisawordfordeathbyoverwork-karoshi.Thecountry’scourtshaveevenrecognizeditasabasisforwrongful-deathsuits.1.AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutWayneOatesaretrueEXCEPTthat（）.2.Whatisthedefinitionofworkaholicsgivenbytheseminal1992paper?3.WhichofthefollowingresultisNOTrelatedtoworkaholism?4.Whatcanbeimpliedfrom"whetherornottheyactuallyare'’inthefourthparagraph?5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?问题1选项A.hethoughtworkaholismwasnotsociallyrespectableB.hehadwritten57booksC.hebroughtthetermworkaholictotheworldD.headmittedhisownadditiontowork问题2选项A.thosewhoworkwillinglyandhappilyB.thosewhoworkhardandhappilyC.thosewhoworkunwillinglyandunhappilyD.thosewhoworkhardandunhappily问题3选项A.SleepdisorderB.WeightlossC.DepressionandanxietyD.Unhappymarriages问题4选项A.Nobodyishardworkingatall.B.Somepeoplearenotashardworkingasothersthink.C.Allthepeoplearenotashardworkingasothersthink.D.Somepeopleprefertoberegardedashardworking.问题5选项A.Thereasonswhypeoplebecomeworkaholics.B.Thedefinitionandharmofworkaholism.C.Thecountriesthathavethemostworkaholics.D.Themethodsofnotbeingaworkaholic.第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。byaccident“偶然，意外地”；onoccasion“有时，偶尔”；atrandom“随便地，随机地，任意地”；onaverage“平均，普通”。魔术师应该是随机地挑选几位观众来帮助他完成表演。选项C符合句意。2.【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项想crisis“危机；危险期”；B选项urgency“紧急；催促”；C选项emergency“紧急情况；突发事件”；D选项emergence“出现；发生；露头”。句意：救护车必须有优先权，因为它通常要处理一些……。救护车需要处理的是一些紧急情况或突发事件，C选项符合句意。3.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项painting“绘画，油画”。B选项illustration“插图，例证”。C选项drawing“绘画，绘图”。D选项sketch“略图，素描”。句意：他画了一幅大楼一楼的草图，告诉我们他的办公室在哪里。因此D选项符合题意。4.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项legal“法律的，合法的”。B选项regulation“规则，法规”。C选项limitation“限制，限度”。D选项agreement“协议，同意”。句意：艾伦是个优秀的足球运动员，从不犯规。breakregulation译为“犯规”。因此B选项符合题意。5.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。C选项arbitrary“任意的，武断的，是由偶然、一时兴致或冲动而非由必然、推理决定的。A选项artistic“艺术的，风雅的”。B选项artificial“人造的，仿造的”。D选项mechanical“机芯的，自动的”。句意：我不知道所涉及的关键所在，所以我的选择很随意。因此C选项符合题意。6.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。drop“水滴”；recession“衰退，不景气”；decrease“减少，降低”；slump“（价格，数量等）骤降”。句意：2008年的时候，有人担心我们可能会进入与上世纪30年代一样严重的又一次的经济衰退。选项B更符合语境。7.【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。discover“发现，探索”；uncover“发现；揭示”；tell“告诉；说；辨别”；disclose“公开，揭露”。句意：政府部长被建议公开揭露他们的经济利益。选项D符合题意。8.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sway“影响；统治”；B选项vibrate“振动；颤动”；C选项shake“动摇；摇动”；D选项flicker“闪烁，摇曳”。句意：风使油灯的灯光闪烁。因此D项符合句意。9.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项induce“诱导；引起；引诱”；B选项deduce“推论；演绎出”；C选项reduce“减少；降低”；D选项refer“涉及；委托；参考”。句意：如果你看到一个医生离开一所房子，你可能会……房子里有人生病了。“医生”和“有人生病”之间存在推论，因此B选项正确。10.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。application“应用，申请”;bid“出价，投标”；proposal“提议，建议，求婚”；suggestion“建议，暗示”。makeabidfor“竞拍，投标”，因此选项B符合题意。句意：这家跨国公司正在为接管一家房地产公司而竞标。11.【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项nearly表示“差不多，几乎”，B选项hardly表示“几乎不，简直不，刚刚”，C选项merely表示“仅仅，只不过，只是”，D选项barely表示“仅仅，勉强，几乎不，贫乏的”。根据句意“这位病人的进步让人兴奋”可知，病人可以不需要别人帮忙就能下床走路，空缺处单词应表示肯定。因此，只有A选项最符合原文语境，故本题正确答案为A选项。12.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。第一段如此描述“thelong,thinpowderfuse(细长的火药引线)”：…burnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes，“它一直断断续续地燃烧，直到最后爆发”。第二段中说到人类在以前的时期增长并不高，有时出生率还低于死亡率，到了近期才出现快速增长，对应A选项“一段几乎稳定或略微减少的时期，然后人口突然暴增”。第2题:2.细节事实题。文章第二段说到“Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates”可知通常，社会处于灭绝的明显危险之中的原因是死亡率可能超过出生率，B选项“大多数地方的死亡率都比出生率要高”符合文意。第3题:3.推理判断题。A选项“从现在到2000年可能会增加22亿人”对应最后一段第三句与第四句“Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld”，从1650年到现在，人口从5亿增长到40多亿。据估计，到2000年，全世界将有62亿人。通过数字相减可得A选项正确；B选项“目前，每6个小时大约有5万个婴儿出生”，文中说到“Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours”，在公元前8000年到1650年之间，世界人口每年平均只增加5万人。目前，这个数字每六个小时增加一次。但本句中只是说population人口增加，并不是婴儿出生多少；C选项“从公元前8000年到现在，人口每年大约增加8000万人”对应最后一句，但句中指的是新增人口8000万，而不是每年会增加8000万；D选项“公元前8000年到1650年之间的人口增长速度比1650年到现在的人口增长速度快”属于反向干扰，现在的人口增长速度显然更快。第4题:4.作者意图题。本文从历史的角度出发，讲解了各个历史时期人口增长的变化，并列出了详细数据，因此D选项“向我们展示一幅清晰而完整的人口增长图景”符合文意。第5题:5.词义推测题。第一段第一句说到“populationproblem（人口问题）”即“toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear”,increase即对应growth，因此demographic就是指thenumberofpopulation，A选项正确。

13.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hold“持有；保存；召开”；B选项toss“抛；摇匀；颠簸”；C选项put“出发；航行；发芽”；D选项collect“收集；募捐”。句意：宿舍里的男生……硬币决定谁来扫地。这里是指“扔硬币”来做决定，因此B选项toss符合句意。14.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ensure“保证”；B选项inform“通知”；C选项deprive“使丧失；剥夺”；D选项convince“说服；使确信”。句意：这个囚犯……享有普通公民所享有的许多特权。囚犯与公民自然有区别，公民享有的许多特权不是囚犯能享有的，因此C选项“剥夺”符合句意。15.【答案】1.顾客只需要输入用户名和密码，而不是提供他们个人信息和卡号来进行在线支付。2.但是尽管信用卡最终会重蹈黑胶唱片的覆辙，信用卡网络会依然繁荣，因为他们也正大力投资新技术，并且存在一些内在优势。3.美国大型零售商联合起来创建了他们自己的数字钱包，并且可能通过提供优惠券等鼓励措施促使用户选择对他们联营企业来说最实惠的支付方式。4.一些支付领域内的信用卡公司可能会对此有所狡辩，但是他们共同赞成的一件事情是移动支付的普及将带来更多的客户。5.移动支付带来的最大好处在于新兴市场，在这个市场中，金融设施的缺乏促进了手机支付系统的发展，如服务于肯尼亚和其他几个市场的M-Pesa移动钱包服务。16.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题目问的是“我们可以从前面三段中得出什么结论？”文章第三段提到我没有被允许同三个哥哥姐姐一起玩，只能跟爷爷待一起，而这正是我愿意的（IwaswhereIwantedtobe），由此可以看出我愿意跟爷爷待在一块，选项D符合题意。第2题:2.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者在第三段中提到‘我左右为难’，意味着什么？”文章第三段提到“我”在六个孩子中排行第四，所以很多事情他要么太大，要么太小，处于中间，因此选项C符合题意。第3题:3.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列关于爷爷的描述哪项不正确？”文章第七段提到爷爷给作者买可乐，由于家庭条件一般，作者对爷爷给他买可乐这个举动表示惊讶（Onmyfamily’smodestincome,Cokewasnotapartofourbudgetordiet），因此可以看出爷爷不是一个吝啬的人，因此选项B符合题意。第4题:4.细节事实题。题目问的是“从文中我们可以看出作者与他爷爷的关系怎么样？”文章提到作者喜欢跟爷爷待在一起，爷爷会给他买可乐可以看出两人的关系是比较亲密的，因此选项A符合题意。第5题:5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，下列哪个选项是错误的？”文章倒数第三段提到我以前和父亲一起进过车库，周围的环境比较熟悉（Ihadbeeninsidethegaragebeforewithmyfather,mysurroundingswerefamiliar），由此可知他不是第一次去车库，因此选项B符合题意。

17.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项verify“核实；查证”；B选项acknowledge“承认；答谢；报偿”；C选项express“表达；快递”；D选项confess“承认；坦白；忏悔”。句意：警察通过询问几个证人来……囚犯的供词。证人的意义在于“核实”，因此A选项正确。18.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。superior“优秀的，出众的”；prime“主要的，基本的”；topic“话题，主题”；subtle“微妙的，难以捉摸的”。根据后面的内容“几乎看不出来”，可知食物的味道是很微妙的，所以不易察觉。选项D符合句意。19.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项urgent“紧急的；急迫的”；B选项instant“立即的；紧急的；紧迫的”；C选项prompt“敏捷的；立刻的；准时的”；D选项hasty“轻率的；匆忙的；懈怠的”。句意：我们应该永远记住，……决定往往导致痛苦的后悔。让自己后悔的应为“轻率的决定”，D选项符合句意。20.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪个选项对WayneOates的描述不对？”文章第一段提到他写了57本书（First,themanhadauthoredanastonishing57books），因此选项B的描述是正确的，排除；第一段提到他创造了workaholic这个词(hehadcoinedthewordworkaholic),因此选项C的描述是正确的，排除；第一段提到他承认自己沉迷于工作（heconfessedthathisownadditiontoindustriousness），因此选项D的描述是正确的，排除。综上，选项A符合题意。第2题:2.细节事实题。题目问的是“1992年的那篇论文对工作狂的定义是什么？”文章第二段提到1992年的研究认为工作狂是那些不仅强迫自己工作并且不享受工作的人（Aseminal1992paperonhowtomeasuretheconditionarguedthatsufferersworknotonlycompulsivelybutalsowithlittleenjoyments），因此选项C符合题意。第3题:3.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项不是工作狂导致的结果？”文章第三段第二句话提到与工作狂相关的问题有睡眠问题、体重增