高考英语阅读理解专项攻略-推理判断题课件0510

高考英语阅读理解专项攻略推理判断题考纲解读推理判断题通常要求考生不仅要理解原文的文字信息，而且还要进行一定的判断和推理，并以此推断出文章的隐含意义。推理判断题属于主观性很强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。此时应特别注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误认为是在问“你”的想法。1.

推断隐含意义

2.推断作者观点或态度

3.推断写作目的

4.推断文章出处

5.推断上下文内容

阅读推理判断题推理判断题分类一、考查隐含意义的推断

隐含意义的推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现等词。infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示）suggest（暗示）conclude（作出结论），assume（假定，设想）1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.2.Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat________3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.4.Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystatesthat________5.Thewriter/authorindicates/implies/suggeststhat________6.Thewritertalkedabout...Becausehethought________主要设题方式有：Heassistsherincookingmatters.MorereadingofWilliamShakespear.三、考查写作意图推断Thewriterofthepassageseemstothinkthat__________criticaldoubtfulRememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.Furtherapplicationofsciencetowar.Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.(2018全国Ⅰ·B)【典型考例】(2018全国Ⅰ·B)...InSave

Money:Good

Food,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGood

Morning

Britainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11....HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.带着题干中的标识词“help”找到第二段中的“with

the

help

of

chef

Matt

Tebbutt

offers

top

tips

on

how

to

reduce

food

waste,while

preparing

recipes

for

under

￡5

per

family

a

day”可知,马特主厨在烹饪方面给予了她帮助,所以选C项。【解题思路】二、考查推断作者观点和态度：positive

negativeapproval

disapprovalobjectivesubjectiveoptimistic

pessimisticindifferentreservedneutral

unbiasedcriticaldoubtfulsarcastic/ironic积极的，肯定的消极的，否定的赞成的不赞成的客观的主观的乐观的悲观的漠不关心的保留意见的中立的无偏见的，公平的批评的怀疑的讽刺的，挖苦的观点态度推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度。这就要求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上，对观点或者态度倾向进行分析、识别，关注作者对人物心理或者细节的描写，对文章所交代的人或者事情进行评判。1.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomethingis_______2.Thewriterofthepassageseemstothinkthat__________3.What'stheauthor'sopinionon...?4.Whatdoweknowaboutsb.inthepassage?5.Somebodycanbesaid___________.6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?主要设题方式有:【典型考例】(2017全国Ⅱ)...Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards....Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.Cautious

B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving.根据文中的“

The

government

has

already

permitted

the

company

to

use

special

materials

to

make

it

easier

for

the

vehicle

to

fly.”可知,政府对这种飞行汽车的研发持支持的态度。cautious“谨慎的”;favorable“支持的”;ambiguous“含糊不清的”;disapproving“不赞成的”。【解题思路】故答案选B。三、

考查写作意图推断

写作意图推断要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。主要设题方式有：1.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?2.Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______3.Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat___________4.Thefact...Ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________5.Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto_____【典型考例】(2018全国Ⅰ·B)Good

Morning

Britain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSave

Money:Good

Food,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGood

Morning

Britainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列节目),Save

Money:Good

Food,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSave

Money:Good

Health,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket....Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.【解题思路】推理判断题。作者在第四段中提到“The

eight-part

series(系列节目),Save

Money:Good

Food,follows

in

the

footsteps

of

ITV’s

Save

Money:Good

Health...”,由此可知,作者写这一段是为了提供一些有关节目的背景信息,所以与C项相符。故答案选C。

四、

考查文章来源和读者对象推断

推测文章的来源或者读者对象要求读者本身要具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身具备的常识结合起来。比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、

小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号人座，选出正确的答案。主要设题方式有：1.Thispassagewouldbemostlikelytobefoundin_____2.Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof_____________3.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?4.Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?5.Thetextisintendedfor_________________.Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto_____Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals.CautiousB.观点态度推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度。1．Whichofthefollowingmighthavehappenedafterwards?sarcastic/ironicoptimisticpessimistic四、考查文章来源和读者对象推断Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof_____________textbookB.四、考查文章来源和读者对象推断Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.newsreelThereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.

（全国卷）Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotablets(药片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(缓解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount.Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor’sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.●Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma______.A.textbookB.newsreelC.doctor’snotebookD.bottleofmedicine14.

Morethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured（受伤）eachyear.Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow.Wearingaseatbelt（安全带）saveslives;itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto$50.Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriver'sresponsibility（责任）tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind.However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing（倒退）yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery（发送）orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle;orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstances（情形）applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt.Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.

●Thistextistakenfrom_____.A.amedicalmagazine

B.atrafficpolicereportC.anadvertisement

D.agovernmentinformationbooklet

（小册子）Morethan30,000…arekilledorseriouslyinjuredeachyear.youcouldbefinedupto$50Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt…youmaybefined…apolicereport五．推断上下文内容

1．Whichofthefollowingmighthavehappenedafterwards?2．Theparagraph(followingthepassage)willmostprobablybe_________.3．Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_________.4．Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawfromthepassage?主要设题方式有：Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.