考研英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编1

考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编1(总分：42.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、ReadingComprehension(总题数：5，分数：42.00)1.SectionIIReadingComprehension__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：2.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：能源危机及影响——1991年英译汉及详解Thefactisthattheenergycrisis,whichhassuddenlybeenofficiallyannounced,hasbeenwithusforalongtimenow,andwillbewithusforanevenlongertime.WhetherAraboilflowsfreelyornot,itiscleartoeveryonethatworldindustrycannotbeallowedtodependonsofragileabase.【F1】Thesupplyofoilcanbeshutoffunexpectedlyatanytime,andinanycase,theoilwellswillallrundryinthirtyyearsorsoatthepresentrateofuse.【F2】Newsourcesofenergymustbefound,andthiswilltaketime,butitisnotlikelytoresultinanysituationthatwilleverrestorethatsenseofcheapandplentifulenergywehavehadinthetimespast.Foranindefiniteperiodfromhereon,mankindisgoingtoadvancecautiously,andconsideritselfluckythatitcanadvanceatall.Tomakethesituationworse,thereisasyetnosignthatanyslowingoftheworld"spopulationisinsight.Althoughthebirth-ratehasdroppedinsomenations,includingtheUnitedStates,thepopulationoftheworldseemssuretopasssixbillionandperhapsevensevenbillionasthetwenty-firstcenturyopens.【F3】Thefoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthis,whichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisisinthematterofproducingandmarketingfood.Takingallthisintoaccount,whatmightwereasonablyestimatesupermarketstobelikeintheyear2001?Tobeginwith,theworldfoodsupplyisgoingtobecomesteadilytighteroverthenextthirtyyears—evenhereintheUnitedStates.By2001,thepopulationoftheUnitedStateswillbeatleasttwohundredfiftymillionandpossiblytwohundredseventymillion,andthenationwillfinditdifficulttoexpandfoodproductiontofilltheadditionalmouths.【F4】Thiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields.Itseemsalmostcertainthatby2001theUnitedStateswillnolongerbeagreatfood-exportingnationandthat,ifnecessityforcesexports,itwillbeatthepriceofbelt-tighteningathome.Infact,asfooditemswilltendtodeclineinqualityanddecreaseinvariety,thereisverylikelytobeincreasinguseofflavouringadditives.【F5】Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointwheretheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforall,peoplewillhavetoacceptmore"unnaturalfood".（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：意想不到的是石油供应可能随时会被突然切断；不管怎样，以目前这种消费速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都会枯竭。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：并列句的处理，短语、被动句的译法。本句由两个并列分句组成：Thesupplyofoilcanbeshutoff…，and…，theoilwellswillallrundry…。第一个分句中unexpectedly和atanytime为shutoff的状语；第二个分句中inthirtyyearsorso和atthepresentrateofuse为rundry的状语。rundry相当于becomedry。well意为“井”。inanycase“无论如何”是修饰整个第二个分句的状语。(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：必须找到新的能源，这需要时间；而过去我们感觉到的那种能源廉价而充足的情况将不大可能再出现了。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：嵌套式定语从句、嵌套式并列结构的译法。本句主干是but连接的并列分句。在第一个分句中还嵌入一个and连接的并列句。thatwilleverrestore…past为定语从句，修饰名词situation。此定语从句中又嵌套了一个定语从句wehavehadinthetimespast，修饰先行词sense。对于此类“从句套从句”的复杂句，翻译时需根据语法分析理清句中各部分的关系，然后用地道的汉语表达进行翻译。切忌过分直译造成修饰成分的堆积，从而使得表达混乱。(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：食品供应的增加将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入危机。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：非限制性定语从句的译法。本句主干为Thefoodsupplywillnotincrease…。其中enoughto…结构做结果状语，译为“足以…”。which…food为非限制性定语从句，句中which指代整个主句的内容，因此可以用“这”来重复翻译前文的内容。(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕作方式继续下去了，而这种耕作方式使投人少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：状语从句中嵌套定语从句的译法。本句主干为：Thiswillbeparticularlytrue…。since引导原因状语从句，其主干是energypinchwillmakeitdifficultto…，其中不定式结构tocontinueagricultureinthe…是it指代的真正内容。fashion是动词make的真实宾语。highyields修饰先行词fashion。(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：除非人类意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度，使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：时间状语从句、定语从句的译法。此句的主干为：Peoplewillhavetoacceptmore“unnaturalfood”。句首Untilsuchtimeas…forall为时间状语从句，其中where…forall为定语从句，修饰先行词thepoint，where相当于inwhich(thepoint)，译为“到这样的程度”。男性从事“女性”职业——1988年英译汉及详解SeatedbehindthefrontdeskataNewYorkfirm,thereceptionistwasefficient.Stylishlydressed,thefirm"snewestemployeehadapleasanttelephonevoiceandanaturalcharmthatputclientsatease.Thecompanywaspleased:【F1】Clearly,thiswasapersonwhotookconsiderableprideinpersonalappearance.DavidKing,thereceptionist,isunusual,butbynomeansunique.【F2】Justasalltruckdriversandconstructionworkersarenolongernecessarilymen,allsecretariesandreceptionistsarenolongerautomaticallywomen.Thenumberofmeninwomen-dominatedfieldsisstillsmallandtheyhaven"tattractedtheattentionthathasoftenfollowedwomenadvancingintomale-dominatedfields,butmenaremovingintomoreandmorejobsthathavetraditionallybeenheldbywomen.Strictlyspeaking,thephenomenonisnotnew.Forthepastseveraldecades,menhavebeenquietlyenteringfieldssuchasnursing,socialworkandelementaryeducation.Buttodaynojobseemsoff-limits.Menservecoffeeinofficesandmealsonairplanes.【F3】Thesechangesarehelpingtoinfluencesomeofthelong-standingtraditionsaboutthetypesofworkmenandwomencando—buttheyalsoproducesomeundeniableproblemsforthemenwhoareenteringthosefieldsformerlydominatedbywomen.Whatkindsofmenventureintotheseso-called"women"sfields"?Allkinds.【F4】"Idon"tknowofanydefiniteanswersI"dbecomfortablewith,"explainsJosephPleck,Ph.D.,oftheWellesleyCollegeCentreforResearchonWomen.SamOrmont,forexample,athirty-year-oldnurseataBostonhospital,wentintonursingbecausethearmyhadtrainedhimasamedicalworker.【F5】"Ifoundthatworkveryinteresting."herecalled,"andwhenIgotoutoftheserviceitjustseemednaturalformetogointosomethingmedical.Iwasn"treallyinterestedinbecomingadoctor."Thirty-five-year-oldDavidKing,anout-of-workactor,foundajobasareceptionistbecausehewashavingtroublelandingrolesinBroadwayplaysandheneededtopaytherent.【F6】Inotherwords,menenter"female"jobsoutofthesameconsiderationforpersonalinterestandeconomicnecessitythatmotivatesanyonelookingforwork.Butsimilaritiesoftenendthere.Meninfemale-dominatedjobsareconspicuous.Asagroup,theirworkhistoriesdifferinmostrespectsfromthoseoftheirfemalecolleagues,andtheyarefrequentlytreateddifferentlybythepeoplewithwhomtheyareinprofessionalcontact.Thequestionnaturallyarises:Whyaretherestillapproximatelyninety-ninefemalesecretariesforeveryonemale?Thereisalsoamoreseriousissue.Mostmendon"twanttobereceptionists,nurses,secretariesorsewingworkers.Putsimply,thesearenotgenerallyconsideredverymasculinejobs.【F7】Tochoosesuchalineofworkistoinviteridicule."Therewaskiddinginthebeginning,"recallsOrmont."KidscomingfromschoolaskwhatIam,andwhenIsay"Anurse,"theylaughatme.Ijustsmileandsay,"Youknow,therearefemaledoctors,too.""Still,thereareencouragingsigns.Yearsago,malegradeschoolteacherswereasrareasmalenurses.Todaymorethanoneelementaryschoolteacherinsixismale.【F8】Canweanticipateadaywhensecretarieswillbeanevenmixofmenandwomen—orwhenthementionofamalenursewillnolongerraiseeyebrows?It"sprobablycoming—butnotverysoon.（分数：16.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：显然，他是个对自己的仪表相当自信的人。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：who引导的定语从句。该句的主干是thisisaperson，who引导的定语从句作后置定语，修饰person，所以句子主干可译为“他是个…的人”。副词Clearly放句首，译为“显然，明显地”。takepridein译为“以…为傲”，considerable是形容词，修饰pride，意为“相当大的，相当多的”。(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：正像卡车司机和建筑工人再没必要都是男的一样，秘书和接待员再也不一定都是女的。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：主从复合句。该句的主干为allsecretariesandreceptionistsarenolongerautomaticallywomen，主干的前面是Justas引导的方式状语从句，译为“正像…，正如…”。从句和主句的结构是并列的，automatically本意为“自动地，机械地”，在这里和从句中的necessarily意思相同，译为“不一定”。(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：这些变化正影响着长期存在的传统观念中关于男女分工的看法，但不可否认，这也给那些进人原先以妇女为主的行业的男性带来一些问题。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：but连接的两个并列分句。前一个分句的主干是Thesechangesarehelpingtoinfluencesomeofthelong—standingtraditions．名词短语thetypesofwork后接有省略关系代词的定语从句(that)menandwomencando。后一个分句的主干是theyalsoproducesomeundeniableproblemsforthemen，who引导的定语从句作后置定语．修饰名词men。其中undeniable意为“不可否认的，无可争辩的”，dominate意为“在…占主要地位”。(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：我还没有听到任何使我感到满意的确切答案。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：省略关系代词的定语从句。该句的主干是Idon’tknowofanydefiniteanswers，名词answers后接有定语从句I’dbecomfortablewith，其前省略关系代词that。其中definite译为“确切的，一定的”，becomfortablewith译为“感到满意的”。本句较为简单，考生容易拿分。(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：他回忆说：“我觉得医务工作十分有趣，当我退役时，对我来说，去从事某种医务工作，似乎是极其自然的。我对成为医生不是太感兴趣。”)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：主从复合句。该句是主从复合句，recalled引导的宾语从句由直接引语构成，recalled译为“回忆说”。该从句是and连接的两个并列分句：Ifoundthatworkveryinterestingand…itiustseemednaturalformeto…。第二个分句中含有when引导的时间状语从句，其中gooutoftheservice专指“退役”。最后一个独立的句子结构简单，较好翻译。(6).【F6】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：换句话说，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其动机是同任何找工作干的人一样．既出于个人兴趣，也出于经济需要的考虑。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：介词短语作状语和定语从句。该句的主干为menenter“female”jobs，介词短语outofthesameconsiderationforpersonalinterestandeconomicnecessity…作状语，表示“出于…原因”。that引导的定语从句作后置定语，修饰名词personalinterestandeconomicnecessity。其中inotherwords译为“换句话说”，motivate是动词，意为“刺激，使有动机”，在这里可以转换为名词词性，译为“动机”。(7).【F7】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：选择这类工作是会惹人嘲笑的。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：动词短语和定语从句。该句的主干为theirworkhistoriesdifferinmostrespectsfrom…，andtheyare…。其中workhistories译为“工作经历”；inmostrespects是插入语，意为“大多数情况”；differfrom…意为“与…不同”。and连接的另一个句子中含有whom引导的定语从句，with提前，beincontactwithsb．意为“与某人接触，与某人有联系”。(8).【F8】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：我们能否预见到这么一天：那时当秘书的男女各占一半或有人提到某个男人当护士时，人们不会再感到吃惊。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：when引导的定语从句。该句的主干为Canweanticipateaday…，后面是两个when引导的从句作后置定语，修饰aday，具体说明什么样的一天，其中第二个由破折号和并列连词or连接。在第一个定语从句中，even是形容词，意为“平均的，均匀的”；在第二个定语从句中，raiseeyebrows意为“惊讶，吃惊，引人侧目”。城市对人类生活的重要性及面临的问题——1987年英译汉及详解Havetherealwaysbeencities?【F1】Lifewithoutlargeurbanareasmayseeminconceivabletous,butactuallycitiesarerelativelyrecentdevelopment.Groupswithprimitiveeconomicsstillmanagewithoutthem.Thetrend,however,isforsuchgroupstodisappear,whilecitiesareincreasinglybecomingthedominantmodeofman"ssocialexistence.【F2】Historically,citylifehasalwaysbeenamongtheelementswhichformacivilization.Anyhighdegreeofhumanendeavorandachievementhasbeencloselylinkedtolifeinanurbanenvironment.【F3】Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethatuniversities,hospitals,largebusinessesorevenscienceandtechnologycouldhavecomeintobeingwithoutcitiestosupportthem.Tomostpeople,citieshavetraditionallybeentheareaswheretherewasaconcentrationofcultureaswellasofopportunity.【F4】Inrecentyears,however,peoplehavebeguntobecomeawarethatcitiesarealsoareaswherethereisaconcentrationofproblems.WhathashappenedtothemodernAmericancity?Actually,theproblemisnotsuchanewone.Longbeforethiscenturystarted,therehadbegunatrendtowardtheconcentrationofthepooroftheAmericansocietyintothecities.Eachgreatwaveofimmigrationfromabroadandfromtheruralareasmadetheproblemworse.Duringthiscentury,therehasalsobeenthedevelopmentoflargesuburbanareassurroundingthecities,fortherichprefertoliveintheseareas.Withinthecities,sectionsmaybesharplydividedintohighandlowrentdistricts,the"rightsideoftown"andtheslums.Ofcourse,everyonewantstodosomethingaboutthisunhappysituation.Butthereisnoagreementastogoals.Neitheristhereanysystematicapproachorintegratedprogram.Opinionsareasdiverseasthepeoplewhogivethem.【F5】Butonebasicdifferenceofopinionconcernsthequestionofwhetherornotthecityassuchistobepreserved.Perhapstransportationandthemeansofcommunicationhavereallymadeitpossiblefortheretobeanendtothebigcities.Ofcourse,thereistheproblemofpersuadingpeopletomoveoutofthemoftheirownfreewill.【F6】Andthereisalsotheobjectionthatthecityhasalwaysbeenthecorefromwhichculturaladvancementhasradiated.Isthis,however,stillthecasetodayinthepresenceofeasytransportationandcommunication?Doescultureariseasaresultofpeoplelivingtogethercommunally,orisittootheresultofdecisionsmadeatthelevelofgovernmentandthecommunicationsindustry?Itisprobablytruetosaythatmostpeopleprefertopreservethecities.Somethinkthatthecitiescouldbecleaneduportotallyrebuilt.Thisiseasytosay;itwouldnotbesoeasytodo.【F7】Tobesure,agreatrebuildingprojectwouldgivejobstomanyofthosepeoplewhoneedthem.Livingconditionscouldnothelpbutimprove,atleastforawhile.Butwouldtheproblemsreturnaftertherebuildingwascompleted?Nevertheless,withthemajorityofthepeoplelivinginurbanareas,theproblemofthecitiesmustbesolved.【F8】Fromagreementonthisgeneralgoal,wehave,unfortunately,inthepastproceededtodisagreementonspecificgoals,andfromtheretototalinaction.Atthebasisofmuchofthisinactionisanold-fashionedconcept—theideahumanconditionswillnaturallytendtoregulatethemselvesforthegeneralgoal.（分数：16.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：对我们来说，生活中要是缺乏广大的城市区域似乎是不可想象的，但实际上城市还是相对近期才发展起来的。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：but连接的两个并列分句的译法。前一个分句的主干是：Life…mayseeminconceivable…，其中，介词短语withoutlargeurbanareas作Life的后置定语，inconceivable可译为“不可思议的，不可想象的”。后一个分句是一个主系表结构，表语中心语是名词development，翻译时可以活译为动词词性。(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：从历史的角度来看，城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：which引导的定语从句的译法。开头的副词Historically考生易机械地翻译成“历史地”，在这里可以灵活地加以修饰，译为“从历史的角度来看”。本句的主干为citylifehasalwaysbeenamongtheelements．而elementsformacivilization，所以可以合并为citylifehasalwaysbeenamongacivilization，即“城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分”。(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：如果没有城市的支持，简直难以想象会有大学、医院、大企业，甚至连科学技术也不会有。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：it作形式主语。该句的主干为Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethat…，其中it为形式主语，不定式结构toimaginethat…是真正的主语，that引导的从句作imagine的宾语。virtually译为“事实上，实际上”，可以独立出来，放在译文的句首，comeintobeing译为“出现，存在，形成”，withoutcitiestosupport作状语，翻译成汉语时，放在主干的前面。(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确