(三)语言训练课

（三）语言训练课I教具投影仪。II课堂教学设计教师检查课文复述。教师从本单元词语中选择部分常用词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评，订正。damagen./v.Theearthquakecausedgreatdamagetothecity.Thebridgewasbadlydamagedbytheflood.Softwooddamageseasily.2)pollute/pollutionManyriversandlakeshavebeenpollutedbyindustrialwaste.Thenewlawwillreducepollutionoftheair.3)fit/befitforThedressfittedherperfectly.Youlookveryfit,Mike.Heisnotfittobeamemberofthisclub.Itwouldbemonthsbeforehewasfitthejob.4)causen./v.Whatwasthecauseofthesemisunderstandings?Whatcausedtochangedhismind?Doyouthinkthiswillcausealotoftrouble?5)pourIpouredthemilkfromthebottleintothecups.Itwaspouringallnight.6)dieoutThiskindofbirdisdyingout.Tigerswoulddieoutifmenwereallowedtoshootasmanyastheywished.7)separately/separateTheheadmasterwishedtoseetheboysseparately.Aretheyjoinedtogetherorseparate?Thoseareseparateproblemsandcannotbehandledinthesamemanner.TheriverTweedseparatesEnglandandScotland.8)sothatSpeakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.Helookeddownsothatsheshouldnotseehiseyes..书面表达练习中文提示(用投影片打出)：高二(5)班分两组搞社会调查(socialSUrVey).第一组来到一个村庄，那里办了一个小化工厂，但没注意环境(envirOnment)保护，环境遭到破坏，村民没有富起来，不少人还得了病。另一组来到一个很远的山村，那里也办了一个小工厂，但几乎没有污染。村民们种了很多树，想了很多办法，这里空气清新，水也干净。同学们回来后，一致认为污染必须得到治理、英文提示（用投影片打出）：separate;chemical;damage;polluted;pollution;protect;area将首句给出：ThestudentsofClass5,SeniorGrade2weredividedintotwoseparategroupstohavetheirsocialsurvey.七八分钟后，请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予以讲评。Onepossibleversion:ThestudentsofClass5,SeniorGrade2weredividedintotwoseparategroupstohavetheirsocialSUrVeyQnegroupcametoavillagewheretherewasasmallchemicalfactory.Thevillagersdidnotpayenoughattentiontoenvironmentalprotection,andalotofdamagehadbeendonetotheirevironment.Theydidnotbecomerich.Andwhatwasworse,manyofthemhadbecomesickbecauseofthepollutedairandwater.Anothergroupcametoamountainvillagewhichwasfaraway.Theretheyfoundthevillagersalsohadtheirsmallfactories.Buttherewashardlyanypollutioninthatarea.Thevillagershadplantedlotsoftreesandtheyhaddoneeverythingtheycouldtoprotecttheenvironment..教师用投影仪打出以下表格，组织学生两人一组，利用课文中提供的信息，根据要求逐一填写。Saysomethingaboutthedamagethatiscausedtotheworldbypollution,usingtheinformationfromthereadingcomprehension.Trytopresentpossiblewaystohelpsolvetheproblems.Phenomena（现象）CausesSuggestionsEARTHTheareadesertisgrowingeveryyear.CattleeatgrassLimitthenumberofthecattleGoodsoilisgraduallylost.Treesbeingcutdown;strongwindsblowingthevaluablesoilaway.Plantmoretreesandtrytoprotectthem.AIRAirisbeingpolluted.Factories,powerstationsandcarsproducealotofwaste.Alotofthingshavetobedonetoreducepollution.Newlawsshouldbepassedandpeopleshouldrealizehowserioustheproblemis.AlotofpeoplediedfrompollutedairinbothRussiaandIndia.Therewereseriousaccidentsthatpollutedtheair.Treesintheforestsaredestroyedandfishinthelakesarekilled.ChemicalrainWATERInsomeplacesit,snolongersafeforswimming,norisitsafetoeatthefish.Factoriesandcitiesproducealotofwaste.同上（也可启发学生得出自己的见解）LakeBaikal,whichusedtobecleanestintheword,isnowpolluted.Wasteproducedfromachemicalfactory.ANIMALSManyftheanimalsaredyingout.Mankillstheanimalsforfood.Manalsodestroystheplaceswhereanimalsusedtolive.Lawsshouldbepassedtoprotecttheanimals.（斜体部分为参考答案，可不向学生展示）七八分钟后，请同学在班上交流，教师予以讲评，并鼓励学生将自己整理的内容连成短文。.布置作业1）预习第10单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。四、难句分析.Itwascalled“Savingtheearth”anditwasallaboutthedamagethatisbeingcausedtotheworld.它（指会议）被称为“拯救地球”大会，讨论有关对世界造成的破坏的问题。Thatisbeingcausedtotheworld是定语从句，修饰先行词damage。从句使用了现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为:am/is/are+being+V（过去分词。）例如：Thereissomethingwrongwiththepiano.Anditisnowbeingrepairedbyafriendofmyfather’s.钢琴出了点毛病，现在正被我父亲的一个朋友修理。ThelecturethatisbeinggiVenbyDr.WhiteisaboutwaysofgiVingfirstaid.怀特医生正在做的演讲是有关施行急救的方法问题。.Ifthepopulationkeepsgrowingsoquickly,therewillonlybestandingroomleftforUsnextCentUry.如果人口不断迅速增长，那么到下世纪，我们将只有立足之地了。句中的keep是及物动词，后面可接-ing形式，构成keepdoingsth.的结构，意为：继续做某事。例如：Hekeptworkingtillmidnightthoughhewasverytired.虽然他累了，他还是连续工作到半夜。Keepon后也可接-ing形式，其意思与keepdoing相同，但在意思上更强调重复性和决心，有时可互换。例如：Hekeeponphoningme,andIreallydon’twanttotalktohim.他不断地给我打电话，可我实在不想和他说话。Whateverhappens,keepontrying.不管发生什么事，继续试下去。.Whentreesarecutdown,thereisnothingtoholdthesoilinplaceonthehillside.树木被砍伐了，山坡上就没有什么东西能够把土壤保持住了。Hold在句中相当于keep的意思，：使处于某种状态或位置，后面接复合宾语，可以有灵活的译法。例如：Theyheldtheirheadsupandwalkedoutofthehall.他们昂起头，走出了大厅。PleaseholdyourselfstillwhileItakeyourphotograph.我给你拍照的时候，请不要动。Heheldacigarettebetweenhislips.他嘴上叼着香烟。Herspeechheldtheaudiencesilent.她的演讲使全场听众鸦雀无声。Heheldhishandsathisside.他双手叉着腰。Inplace意为：在原来的地方。句中toholdthesoilinplace直译是：使土壤保留在原来的地方。再如：ShelikeseverythingtobeinPlaCe.她喜欢一切东西放在原来的位置。Ihopeyou'llkeepthebooksinplace.我希望你把书放归在原位。4.Itissaidthat125000peoplediedinRussiaasaresultofillnessescausedbythisaccident.据说，在俄罗斯有125000人由于这次事故引起的疾病而死亡。这是一个由形式主语it引起的句子，其句型是：Itissaid/thought/believed/hoped/estimated ；据估计 等，相当于PeoPle/say/think/believe/hope/estimate+thatclause的意思。本句可改为：Peoplesaythat125000peoplediedinRussiaasaresultofillnessescausedbythisaccident.但不如课文中的原句自然。再请看以下例句：Itissaidthatheisgoingabroadnextmonth.据说他下个月要出国。Itisestimatedthatover300000peopletookpartinthecelebration.据估计有30万人参加了庆祝活动。ItisreportedthattheconferencewillbeheldonMarch15.据报道，会议将于3月15召开。.Now,however,thewatersofthisgreatlake,whichisalsotheworld’sdeepest(over1740metres),havebeendirtiedbywastefromachemicalfactory.然而，如今这个大湖也是世界上最深的湖（1740多米）——湖水已经被一家化工家的废物污染了。Water在指一般意义上的“水”时，是不可数名词，通常不用复数形式。例如：Fishliveinwater.鱼儿生活在水中。WeusewaterfordrinkingandWashing.我们饮水并用它来洗东西。但当water指海水、湖水、河水、矿泉水或者指海域等，通常要用复数形式。例如：FourorfivemilestotheeastofthemlaythebluewatersofLakeMiChigan.在它们东面四五英里的地方是一望无际的蓝色密执安湖水。Peopleusedtogotothatplacetotakethewaters.人们过去常去那里弄些矿泉水。Dirty可以用作动词，意为：弄脏（vt.）;变脏（vi.）例如：Don'tdirt