新教材高中英语UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION教学知识细解码学案新人教版选择性

UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION1．starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvationn．饿死；挨饿；绝食2．sustainvt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainableadj.可持续的；合理利用的3．comprehensiveadj.全部的；所有的；详尽的→comprehensionn．理解4．frequentadj.频繁的；经常的→frequentlyadv.频繁地；经常→frequencyn．频率；频繁5．restrictvt.限制；限定；束缚→restrictionn.限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictiveadj.限制的；限制性的；约束的6．harmonyn．协调；和睦；融洽；调和→harmoniousadj.和谐的7．originn.起源；开始→originaladj.原始的；最初的；独创的；新颖的→originatevi.&vt.起源；发源；创立8．regularadj.定期的；规律的→regularlyadv.定期地；规律地→regulatevt.&vi.约束；管理→regulationn.章程；规章制度9．inspectvt.检查；查看；视察→inspectionn.检查；查看；视察10．toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerancen.宽容；容忍1．releasevt.&n.排放；释放；发布①Firefighterstooktwohourstoreleasethedriverfromthewreckage. 释放②Undertheagreement，releasesofcancer­causingchemicalswillbecutbyabout80percent. 排放③Heisreleasinganalbumoflovesongs. 发布2．seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制①“Leigh，”hesaid，“seizingmyarmtoholdmeback.” 抓住②Troopshaveseizedtheairportandrailwayterminals(铁路枢纽). 夺取③UNofficialssaytwomilitaryobserverswereseizedbytheKhmerRougeyesterday. 控制WordsandPhrases知识要点1starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死[教材P26]Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody，thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.一位多年研究北极熊的专家说，从北极熊尸体所处位置来看，它看起来是死于饥饿。[例1]Thenewjobdoesn'tpayasmuchbutwewon'tstarve!新工作的工资不多，不过我们不至于挨饿！[例2]Anumberoftheprisonerswesawarestarving.我们看到一些囚犯快要饿死了。[知识拓展](1)starvetodeath 饿死starvefor 渴望；急需(2)starvedadj. 感到很饿的bestarvedtodeath 被饿死bestarvedof/for 极需；缺乏(3)starvationn. 挨饿；饿死[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Thefrontierstationwasstarvedforfoodandwater.②Wholecommunitiesstarvedtodeathduringthelongdrought.③Shewentonastarvation(starve)dietandendedupinhospital.④Ourfactoriesarestarvedof/forfirst­classtechnicalmennow.现在我们的工厂缺少一流的技术人员。[小片段填空]Mr.Whiteearnsonlyalittlewage，sohestarvesforajobwithbetterpay.Yousee，noonelikestostarvetodeath.知识要点2referto查阅，参考；涉及，关于；提到，谈起，指的是；提交[教材P26－27]The“natural”greenhouseeffectreferstothefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth'ssurfaceasshort­waveradiation.“自然”温室效应是指来自太阳的热量进入大气层，以短波辐射的形式为地表增温。[例1]Ipromisednottorefertothematteragain.我答应过不再提这事了。[例2]Pleaserefertotheright­handcolumnofpage200ofthisdictionary.请参看这本词典第二百页右面一栏。[知识拓展]refer...to... 把……提交给/委托给referto...as... 把……看作/称为……[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Tomisgoingtoreferthemattertothemeeting.②QiaoFengisreferredtoasabighero.③Somepeoplereferallthetroublestobadluckinsteadoflackofability.有些人把自己所有的苦恼都归咎于运气不佳，而不认为是缺乏能力。知识要点3betrappedin被困在……中[教材P27]Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels，moreheatenergyistrappedintheatmosphereandcausesEarth'ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。[例1]Shewastrappedintheburninghouse.她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。[例2]Hewastrappedinanunhappymarriage.他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。[知识拓展]trapo(doing)sth. 使某人陷入……的圈套；使上当fallintothetrapofdoingsth. 掉进……的陷阱fallintoatrap 掉进陷阱[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Iwastrappedintotelling(tell)thepoliceallIknew.②Alotofusfallintothetrapoffinding(find)happinessfromtheoutsideworld.③Ifthebuswastrappedinthesnow，therewasvirtuallynowaytoevacuatethosefourkids.如果公共汽车被困在暴风雪中，那么几乎没有办法使这四个孩子撤离。[小片段填空]Thehuntersetatrapwhichwasusedtotraptheanimalintomoving(move)intothetrap.Butthelittleboyfellintothetrapbyaccident.知识要点4resultin导致；造成[教材P27]Continuedgreenhousegasemissionswillresultinfurtherwarmingandlong­lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.不断排放的温室气体将导致全球气候进一步变暖，造成持久性全球气候变化。[例1]Foodallergiescanresultinanenormousvarietyofdifferentsymptoms.食物过敏会引发很多不同的症状。[例2]Thesepoliciesresultedinmanyelderlypeoplefeelinghappy.这些政策使得许多老人感到幸福。[知识拓展]resultfrom 由于，由……引起asaresult 结果asaresultof 由于[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Children'sfearanddislikeofbooksmayresultfrombeingmadetoreadaloudbeforeothers.②Asaresultofhisillness，hewaslateforclass.③Whenyoudosomethingwithfaith，itwillresultinsuccess．当你有信心的去做某事时，就会成功。知识要点5restrictvt.限制；限定；束缚[教材P27]Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.我们作为个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式所产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。[例1]Havingsmallchildrentendstorestrictyourfreedom.有年幼的孩子往往会限制你的自由。[例2]Thelongskirtrestrictedhermovements.长裙妨碍了她的行动。[知识拓展](1)restrict...to... 把……限制在……berestrictedto 限于restrictsb./oneselftodoingsth. 约束……干……(2)restrictionn. 限制规定；限制法规；约束withoutrestriction 毫无限制[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Irestrictmyself(me)toonecupofcoffeeaday.②Werestrictthenumberofstudentsperclassto40.③Theparkisopentothepublicwithoutrestriction(restrict)．④Thespeedisrestrictedto30kilometersanhourhere.在此地车速被限制为每小时三十公里。知识要点6seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制[教材P27]Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming...我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育大家认识全球变暖……[例1]Shetriedtoseizethegunfromhim.她试图抢夺他的枪。[例2]Thearmyhasseizedcontrolofthecountry.军队已经控制全国。[知识拓展]seizethechance/opportunity 抓住机会seize...bysurprise 突袭……seizesb.bythearm 抓住某人胳膊seizeon/upon 采用；抓住；利用[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Thetroopseizedthecitybysurprisebeforetheenemiesrealisedit.②Thelittleboyseizedmebythearmtobegforsomemoney.③Weseizeonhisremarkandregarditasapromise.④Bobseizedon/upontherainasanexcuseformissingschool.鲍勃以下雨为借口不去上学。知识要点7submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服；顺从；认为[教材P28]Accordingtothereportsubmittedbyresearchers，between20and25percentofallannualcarbondioxideemissionsarecausedbythedestructionoftropicalforests.根据研究人员提交的报告，每年20%至25%的二氧化碳排放量是由热带森林的破坏造成的。[例1]Completedprojectsmustbesubmittedby10March.完成的方案必须在3月10日前提交上来。[例2]ButIcannotsubmit，Icanbecomemyownmaster.但我并不会屈服的，我会成为自己的主人的。[知识拓展](1)submitsth.tosb. 提交；呈递某物给某人submit(oneself)tosb./sth. 顺从；屈服submitthat 提议；认为(2)submissiveadj. 服从的；顺从的；恭顺的submissionn. 屈服；呈送；提交[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Hesubmittedthereportonthemattertothecommittee.②We'llsubmitourselves(us)tothecourt'sjudgement.③Isubmitthatthetermsareentirelyunreasonable.④Thestudentsmustsubmitthemselvestothedisciplinesatschool.学生在学校必须遵守纪律。[小片段填空]Thegeneralhadtosubmittheagreementtotheenemies.Thatistosay，hesubmitted(submit)tothem.SentencePatterns重点句式1Thereislittledoubtthat...[教材P26]ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和。[句式分析]Thereislittle/nodoubtthat...毫无疑问……；doubt后面用that引导同位语从句；当doubt用于否定句和疑问句时，后面的从句用that引导；用于肯定句时，后面的从句用whether引导。[例1]Thereisnodoubtthatitwasastrangeandinterestingsituation.毫无疑问，那是一个奇怪而有趣的局面。[例2]Thereisnodoubtatallthatwedidtherightthing.毫无疑问，我们做得对。[知识拓展](1)Ihavenodoubtthat... 我确信……Ihavesomedoubtwhether... 我怀疑……(2)Idoubtwhether/if­clause 我怀疑……Idon'tdoubtthat­clause 我不怀疑……Doyoudoubtthat­clause? 你怀疑……吗？[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Idon'tdoubtthathewillsucceed.②Idoubtwhether/ifwewillmakeaprofitoutofit.③Thereisnodoubtthatinyourmindheisinnocent，isthere?④Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcometohelpus．他是否会来帮助我们还有些疑虑。重点句式2notonly...butalso...[教材P27]Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide，notonlycausingseriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives.有强有力且详尽的证据表明，气温上升导致世界范围内的极端天气和自然灾害增加，不仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人员伤亡。[句式分析]句中的notonly...butalso...表示“不但……，而且……”，连接并列的句子结构。[例1]Airnotonlyoccupiesspace，butitalsohasweight.空气不仅占据空间，而且它还具有重量。[例2]Shakespearewasnotonlyawriterbutalsoanactor.莎士比亚不仅是一个作家，还是一个演员。[知识拓展](1)notonly与butalso后面所连接的词的词性必须对等。(2)notonly只能连用，而butalso既可连用，也可分开用。notonly与butalso后面所连接的词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”，谓语动词的数应与butalso后的名词的数保持一致。(3)notonly放在句首，后面的句子要用部分倒装。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwas(be)invited.②Notonlyareyoufunny，butalsoyouarewitty(机智的)．③Notonlyyoubutalsoshehas(have)toattendtheceremony.④Theoldworkersinstructtheyoungworkersnotonlyinwordsbutindeeds．老工人对青年工人不仅言传而且身教。1．Expertsclaimedthatlowsea­icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.[分析]该句为复合句。Expertsclaimed是主句；that引导宾语从句，作claimed的宾语；该宾语从句中的thebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore也是宾语从句，作meant的宾语；causedbyclimatechange是过去分词作后置定语，修饰lowsea­icelevels；so连接的是并列句。[译文]专家称，气候变化导致的海洋冰川位置低意味着这只熊不能像以前那样捕猎海豹，因此它必须走更远的距离才能找到食物。2．Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”，whichhastwocommonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man­made”greenhouseeffect.[分析]句中的“calledthe‘greenhouseeffect’”是过去分词短语作定语，修饰process；which引导非限定性定语从句。[译文]气候科学家经常提到一个关键的气候过程，叫作“温室效应”，它有两个共同的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。教材高考1.Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide，notonlycausingseriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives.(2019·北京卷)Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally，you'llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)...however，biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20，000－25，000polarbearsworldwide.2.Continuedgreenhousegasemissionswillresultinfurtherwarmingandlong­lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Hiseffortshaveresultedin1，360acresofnaturally­grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.3.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming...(2019·天津卷)Iwasreadytopayformybananasatthegroceryonenight，whenfearseizedme.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Notonlyhebutalsoweare(be)interestedinfootball.2．Idoubtwhethertheyarenotcheatingpeopleintomakingthebargainsale.3．Droughthasleftmorethantwomillionpeopleclosetostarvation(starve)．4．Theteacherreferred(refer)toinmylastletterhasgoneabroad.5．Theoldmanwastrappedintobuying(buy)asecond­handTVset.6．Thespeechhasresultedinafirestormofcontroversy.7．Disciplineproblemsarebynomeansrestrictedtochildreninfamiliesdependentonbenefits.8．Beforehecouldrunaway，sheseizedhimbythecollar.9．Hehassubmittedhimself(him)asearchbytheguard.10．Whenmolten(melt)steelcools，itchangesintoasolid.Ⅱ.短语填空starvetodeath；referto；betrappedin；takeaction；resultin；submitto1．Thisresultedinaconsiderablelosstotheexchequer(财政部)．2．Luckily，hewasnotmurdered，buttrappedintheelevatorfordays.3．Studytheexampleandrefertotheexplanationbelow.4．Tensofthousandsofpeoplestarvedtodeathbecauseofthecivilwar.5．Theheroicpeoplewillneversubmittoforeignrule.6．TheytookactiontospeedthenewlawthroughParliament(国会)．Ⅲ.课文语法填空ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.In2013，manypeople1.wereshocked(shock)byanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearwhic