新教材高中英语UNIT1Natureinthebalance预习新知早知道学案译林版

UNIT1NatureinthebalanceⅠ.匹配词义A．单词匹配()1.soil A．n.昆虫()2.continent B．n.alargeareaofland，usuallywithout exactlimitsorborders()3.million C．prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上()4.species D．n.asubstanceneededtokeepliving thingsaliveandtohelpittogrow()5.nutrient E．n.土壤；国土，领土，土地()6.wildlife F．n.种，物种()7.beneath G．n.animals，birds，insects，etc，thatarewild andliveinanaturalenvironment()8.extinction H．n.大陆，陆地，洲()9.insect I．num.一百万；许多，大量()10.region J．n.灭绝，绝种[答案]1－5EHIFD6－10GCJABB．短语匹配()1.inturn A．逐渐增加，扩大()2.breakdown B．相应地，转而()3.breathelifeinto C．由于，因为()4.dueto D．使分解(为)，使变化(成)()5.buildup E．给……带来起色，注入活力()6.comeupwith F．摆脱，丢弃，扔掉()7.callfor G．使发生(或存在)()8.springtomind H．(公开)要求；需要()9.getridof I．想出，想到()10.giveriseto J．突然记起(或想到)[答案]1－5BDECA6－10IHJFGⅡ.默写单词1．harmn．&vt. 伤害，损害2．lengthn. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长3．varietyn. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体4．survivevi. 生存，存活vt. 幸存，幸免于难5．thusadv. 因此，从而；这样6．disappearvi. 不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪7．agriculturen. 农业，农学8．impactn. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞vi.&vt. 有影响；冲击9．damagevt.&n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏10．climaten. 气候；倾向，风气Ⅰ.语境填空absolutely；defence；nowhere；protest；profit；various；recycle；former；further；agriculture1．Wehavedecidedtotakenofurtheraction.2．Studentstooktothestreetstoprotestagainstthedecision.3．Thecarparkwasabsolutelypackedsolidwithpeople.4．NowhereelseintheworldcanatouristfindcheapertailoringthaninHongKong.5．HerfatherwastheformereditoroftheSaturdayReview.6．Thecompanymadeahealthyprofitonthedeal.7．Tentscomeinvariousshapesandsizes.8．Sheisgoingtorecycleusefulrubbish.9．Thenumberofpeopleemployedinagriculturehasfalleninthelastdecade.10．Whatpointscanberaisedindefenceofthisargument.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Hehasmadeitabsolutely(absolute)clearsoyoumusthaveunderstood.2．Atracker(track)isapersonwhocanfindpeopleorwildanimalsbyfollowingtheirprints.3．Theyhavedriventherhinototheedgeofextinction(extinct)．4．Hisapplication(apply)formembershipoftheorganizationwasrejected.5．Asbabies，werelyentirely(entire)onothersforfood.6．He'sthepresidentofalargeinternationalorganization(organize)．7．Thereareconflictsbetweenregional(region)andnationalinterests.8．Someeconomic(economy)issueswerediscussedintheconference.9．Theleavesofcertaintreesarepoisonous(poison)tocattle.10．Sheearnsherliving(live)asafreelancejournalist.1．Withanareaofaround6millionsquarekilometres，theAmazonrainforestismorethanhalfthesizeofChina.亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方公里，相当于中国面积的一半以上。2．Onitsjourneyfromthemountainstotheocean，theriversupportsmanydifferentecosystems.从山区流到海洋，这条河支撑着许多不同的生态系统。3．Abovethatisthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.在那之上是在黑暗的雨林地面上的大量落叶。4．Whenajaguardies，atinyarmyofmicroorganismshelpsbreakdownitsbodyandreturnthenutrientstotheearth.当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质还给大地。5．Moreover，theAmazonrainforestisatreasurehouseofspeciesthatcanbeusedforfoodormedicine.此外，亚马孙雨林还是一个有食用或药用价值的物种宝库。词语助读①playasignificantrolein起重要作用②ecosystemn.生态系统③continentn．大陆，陆地；洲④withanareaof面积是……⑤lengthn．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长⑥oneinten十个中有一个，十分之一⑦speciesn．种，物种⑧waterlily睡莲⑨varietyn．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，体⑩wildlifen．野生动植物，野生生物⑪beneathprep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上⑫survivevi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难⑬feedon以……为食⑭inturn相应地，转而⑮insectn．昆虫⑯breakdown使分解(为)，使变化(成)⑰nutrientn．营养素，营养物⑱breathelifeinto给……带来起色，注入活力⑲carbonn．碳⑳oxygenn．氧，氧气eq\o(○,\s\up2(21))thusadv.因此，从而；这样eq\o(○,\s\up2(22))agriculturen．农业，农学eq\o(○,\s\up2(23))cattlen．牛eq\o(○,\s\up2(24))impactn．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞vi&vt.有影响；冲击eq\o(○,\s\up2(25))indangerof处于……危险中eq\o(○,\s\up2(26))extinctionn．灭绝，绝种原文呈现TheAmazonrainforest：anaturaltreasureWelcometothejungle，ahugeseaofgreenalivewiththesoundsofanimals.[1]ThisistheAmazonrainforest.Asthelargestrainforestintheworld，itplaysasignificantrolein①maintainingthefinebalanceoftheEarth'secosystem②.[1]ahugeseaofgreenalivewiththesoundsofanimals是名词thejungle的同位语。TheAmazonrainforestcrossesintoeightcountries，includingBrazilandPeru，andoneoverseasregionofFrance，allontheSouthAmericancontinent③.Withanareaof④around6millionsquarekilometres，theAmazonrainforestismorethanhalfthesizeofChina.[2]TheAmazonRiver，fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname，iscloseto6，400kilometresinlength⑤—roughly100kilometreslongerthantheYangtzeRiver.Onitsjourneyfromthemountainstotheocean，theriversupportsmanydifferentecosystems.TheygivethisareatherichestbiodiversityontheEarth：oneinten⑥knownspecies⑦intheworldcanbefoundhere.[2]morethanhalfthesizeofChina是倍数表达法之一：“倍数＋thesizeof＋被比较的对象”。Ofthe390，000plantspeciesknowntous，morethan40，000canbefoundintheAmazon.Thistallandancientbrazilnuttreeproducesnutsthatwecaneat；thesewaterlilies⑧arebigenoughtoliedownon.Theforest'sdifferentlevelssupportanunbelievablevariety⑨ofwildlife⑩.Atthebottom，thereisasystemofrootsbeneath⑪theground.Abovethatisthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.[3]Thenextlevelismadeupofshorterplantswithlargeleaves.Thentherearethetoweringancienthardwoods，andfinallythetopsofthetallesttreesmanymetresabovetheground.Eachleveloftheforestformsitsownlittleworld，hometodifferentkindsoflivingthings.[3]本句是完全倒装句，由“介词短语＋系动词＋主语”构成。Morethan1，300speciesofbirdsandover400speciesofmammalshideamongthejungle'splantlife.Thisjaguarisoneexample.Ithasayellowish­browncoatwithblackspots.Whileasignificantnumberofjaguarssurvive⑫here，theyareonlyoneelementofthisforest'sfoodchain.Theyfeedon⑬atleast87species，includingfrogs.Thesefrogs，inturn⑭，feedoninsects⑮whicheatleavesandfruit.Whenajaguardies，atinyarmyofmicroorganismshelpsbreakdown⑯itsbodyandreturnthenutrients⑰totheearth.TheAmazonrainforestbreatheslifeinto⑱theplanetbyfixingcarbon⑲andproducingover20percentofalltheEarth'soxygen⑳.Thuseq\s\up10(eq\o(○,\s\up2(21)))，itisoftenknownasthe“lungsoftheplanet”．Moreover，theAmazonrainforestisatreasurehouseofspeciesthatcanbeusedforfoodormedicine.Yetthereisonemajordangertotheseirreplaceableplantsandanimals：us.Overthepast50years，about17percentoftherainforesthasdisappearedduetohumanactivitiessuchasagricultureeq\s\up10(eq\o(○,\s\up2(22)))andcattleeq\s\up10(eq\o(○,\s\up2(23)))farming.[4]Astheimpacteq\s\up10(eq\o(○,\s\up2(10)))ofhumanactivitiescontinuestogrowandthelistofspeciesindangerofeq\s\up10(eq\o(○,\s\up2(25)))extinctioneq\s\up10(eq\o(○,\s\up2(26)))becomeslonger，weareleftwithaquestion：canweaffordtodamagethe“lungsoftheplanet”？[4]时间状语为“Overthepast50years”，主句用现在完成时态。译文参考亚马孙雨林：自然宝库欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。这是亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的热带雨林，