英语国家社会与文化入门练习整理

英语国家社会与文化入门练习Book1ExerciseOne（Book1Unit1）1.TheAnglo-SaxonsbegantosettleinBritaininthefifthcentury.2.KingArthurwaslegendaryherosupposedtohavefoughtagainsttheSaxons.3.TheRomansinvadedBritainin43,andtheonlyareatheydidnotsubduethereinwasScotland.4.ThemostimportantpartoftheUKinwealthisEngland.5.Celtswereironworkers,practicedfarmersandtheydrainedmuchofthemarshlandsandbuilthouses.Buttheydidn'tspeakAngloSanxonEnglish.Theyhavetheirownlanguage.6.TherealRomanconquestofBritainbeganin43AD.7.TheEnglisharemainlydecendantsofAnglo-Sanxon.8.AlfredwasthenationalheroduringthefightingagainstDanes.9.EnglishChannelseparateGreatBritainfromtherestoftheEurope.10.WilliamwascrownedKingofEnglandontheChristmasDayof1066.11.ThepopulationoftheUKconsistoftheEnglish,theWelsh,theScottishandtheIrish.12.William,DukeofNormandy,isnowknownasWilliamtheConqueror.13.ScotlandoccupiesthenorthernportionofGreatBritain.14.EdinburghisthecapitalofScotland.15.CaelicismainlyspokeninScotland.16.In14thcentury,WaleswaseffectivelyunitedwithEngland.ExerciseTwo（Book1Unit3）1.IntheEnglishCivilWar,the“Roundhead”supportedOliverCromwell,whilethe“cavalier”supportedCharlesI.2.ParliamentinBritain,strictlyspeaking,consistsofthreeelements:TheQueen(TheSovereign),theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons.3.TheHouseofCommonsisthesourceofrealpoliticalpowerintheUnitedKingdom.4.TheGreatCharter(MagnaCarta)wassignedbyKingJohnin1215.5.ThespiritoftheMagnaCartawasthelimitationofthepowersoftheking.6.Jameslclungtothetheoryofthe“DivineRightofKings”.7.ThePrimeMinisterofBritainwasappointedbyQueen.8.TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandisreignedoverbytheMonarch,butruledbythegovernment.9.TherealpoweroftheHouseofLordsliesindiscussingbills.ExerciseThree（Book1Unit4）1.Ageneralelectionisheldnormallyevery5yearsinthe650consituenciesofBrirain.（p50）2.WiththehelpofDECC,theUKLowCarbonTransitionPlanwaspublishedbytheUKgoverment.（p56）3.ThemajorityoftheworkinglordsintheHouseofLordsarelifepeers,whoearnedtheirtitlesthroughtheiroutstandingachievement.（p58）4.BytheHouseofCommonsisa“voteofnoconfidence”decided.（p50）5.Inthegeneralelection,anMPcandidatemustdeposit500pounds,whichisreturnedifheorshereceives5%ormoreofthevotecast.（p50）6.TheLabourPartyistheprimaryoppositiontotheConservatives.（p52）7.Mrs.MargaretThatcher,aConservativePartyleaderin1980s,believedPrivatization;thekeepingoflawandorder;self-reliance.Exceptthestrengtheningofthetradeunions.8.MargaretThatchercarriedouttheeconomicpolicyofprivatizationtorevitalizeBritisheconomyinthe1980s.9.PoliticalchangeinEnglandcamemainlythroughgradualreform.ExerciseFour（Book1Unit11）1.Asfarasthereligionisconcerned,peopleinNorthernIrelandwhoareloyaltotheBritishgovermentaremainlyProtestants,whilepeopleintheRepublicofIrelandaremainlyCatholics.2.Celts'languagesurvivedthroughhistoryandIrishisthefirstofficiallanguageoftheRepublicofIreland.3.ChristianitywasbroughttoIrelandbySaintPatrickinthe5thcentury.4.In1800,Irishparliamentwasvotedoutofexistence.TheActofUnionwassigned,andIrelandwasofficiallyapartofBrirain.5.In1870,aconstitutionalmovementseekingHomeRulewasinstitutedupbyIsacButt.6.TheancestorsoftheIrisharetheCelts.7.TheCelticinvaderscametoIrelandinthe6thcentury.8.Celtsboughtalegalsystem-theBrehonlaw,totheislandofIreland.9.TheHomeRuleBillwasfinallypassedin1914.10.Thepoliticalparty,SinnFein,wasdevelopedbyArthurGriffith.8.TheimportantthingdoneintheSecondContinentalCongresswasthatWashingtonwasappointedcommanderofthearmy.（p42）9.13continentalstatesarethereatthetimeofindependenceoftheUnitedStates.（p42）10.TheU.S.A.isknownasa“MeltingPot”foritsmixtureofnationalities.（p33）11.JohnCalvinisthemanwhoseteachingdevelopintoPuritanism.（p33）ExerciseSixUnit41.Americanpresidentiselecteddirectlybythevotersofthenation(allthecitizensoftheUS).2.Thepracticeofjudicialreview,animportantfeatureoftheAmericanlegalsystemisacrucialweaponinthehandsofCongress.（F）（p55）3.Accordingtotheprincipleofchecksandbalances,thepresidenthastosharepowerwiththelegislativeandthejudiciarybranches.（T）（p55）4.MostofthebillsintroducedtotheCongresscaneventuallybecomeslaw.（F）（p54）5.TheAmericangovernmenthasalwaysbeenplayinganunimportantroleinthedevelopmentofAmericaneconomy.（F）（p57）6.Congresscanoverridethepresident'svetobyatwo-thirdsvote.7.Likeallfederaljudges,theSupremeCourtjustices,areappointedbythepresidentandconfirmedbytheSenate.（p54）8.TheroleofAmericanpresidentsincludescommandthearmedforces,negotiateandsigntreatyandappointcertainpersonnelexceptpasslaw.9.IntheUnitedStates,acasesubjecttofederaljurisidictionisheardfirstbeforeafederaldistrictjudge,andthenappealmaybemadetotheFederalCourtofAppeals,andfinallytotheSupremeCourt.（p55）10.ThemostimportantoftheUSSupremeCourt,knownasthepowerofjudicialreviewconsistsofdeterminingwhethercongressionallegislationorexecutiveactionviolatestheconstitution.11.TheConstitutiondefinesdistinctpowersfortheCongressoftheUnitedStates,thepresident,andthefederalcourts.Thisdivisionofauthorityisknownasasystemofchecksandbalances,anditensuresthatnoneofthebranchesofgovernmentcandominatetheothers.Unit81.AccordingtoUSlaws,Americanchildrenmustgotoschooluntiltheyareatleast16yearsold.（p119）2.Americanpublicschoolsaresupportedbytaxesandcontrolledbythefederalgovernment.（F）（p119）3.ReligiousdoctrinescanbetaughtinAmericanpublicschools.（F）（p119）4.HarvardUniversitywasfoundedin1636.（p121）5.JuniorcollegeinAmericaistwo-yearcollege.（p123）Exerciseseven（unit14）I.TrueorFalse1.ThemostdramaticcrisisoftheColdWarwastheCubanCrisis.T2.IntheaftermathofSeptember11terroristattack,PresidentBushorderedtheinvasionofIraqin2001,andthenAfghanistanin2003.F（p225）3.ThecredibilityoftheBushadministrationwassignificantlyimprovedwhentheSaddamregimewasfoundpossessingweaponsofmassdestruction(WMD).F（p226）4.Mr.BarackObamaisthefirstHispanicAmericanpresidenteverelectedintheUShistory.F5.Mostsignificantly,ObamavisitedTurkeyandIrantoshowthattheUSwantedtoimproveitsrelationswiththeMuslimworld.F（p227）II.MultipleChoice1.WhichofthefollowingdidNOTtakeplaceintheNixonadministration?C

A.Vietnamization. B.CubanMissileCrisis.

C.WatergateScandal. D.Re-establishingUSrelationswithChina.2.TheformaldiplomaticrelationbetweenChinaandtheUSwasestablishedunderPresident________.A

A.Nixon B.Bush C.Carter D.Reagan3.Whoisthefoundingleaderoftheterroristorganizational-Qaeda,wildlyknownastheculpritbehindtheterroristattacksontheUnitedStates?C

A.AdolfHitler. B.SaddamHussein.

C.BinLaden. D.AbuMusabal-Zarqawi.4.WhichofthefollowingUSadministrationslaunchedthefirstGulfWar?

A.TheClintonadministration. B.TheBush(Jr.)administration.

C.TheObamaadministration. D.TheBush(Sr.)administration.5.ThetwoGermanys,whichhadbeenseparatedsincetheendofWordWII,werereunitedin____A____.

A.1990 B.1991 C.1989 D.19996.InwhichofthefollowingyeardidSeptember11AttackshappenintheUnitedStatesandkillmorethan3,000people?B

A.2000. B.2001. C.2002. D.2003.7.WhowassupportedbyObamaastheSecretaryofEnergyinJuly2009?C

A.GaryF.Locke. B.MayaLin. C.StephenChu D.ElaineChao.8.WheredidPresidentObamamakehishistoricalspeechwherebyheannouncedamajorchangeinUSpolicytowardstheMuslimworld?D

A.Damascus,Lebanon. B.Riyadh,SaudiArabia.

C.Ankara,Turkey. D.CairoEgypt.III.BlankFilling1.TheColdWarendedaftertheSovietUniondisintegratedin1991,leavingtheUnitedStatesasthedominantmilitarypower.2.Unilateralism,faithinmilitarystrength,regimechangeformedthecoreelementsofBushDoctrine.3.Bytheendofhisfirstyearinoffice,viewsonObama’sforeignpolicyrecordprovedmorepositivethannegative.IV.Matching

MatchtheUSpresidentwiththeeventthattookplaceinhispresidency.A1)AbrahamLincoln2)FranklinD.Roosevelt3)JohnF.Kennedy4)LyndonB.Johnson5)RichardNixon6)GeorgeBush(Sr.)7)BillClinton8)GeorgeW.Bush(Jr.)Ba.WaronPovertyb.RapiddevelopmentinITIndustryc.GulfWard.CivilWare.WaronTerrorismf.CubanMissileCrisisg.NewDealh.WatergateScandalExerciseEightI.TrueorFalse(Unit17)1.TheGroupofSevernreferstoagroupofpaintersinthe1900s.F2.Quebecisthelargestprovinceinareaandpopulation.F3.Thefirstmajorwavesofimmigrationhappenedinthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury.G(Unit18)4.GovernorGeneralsrepresenttheQueenofEnglandinCanadaandusuallyserveforonetermofsevenyears.F5.BritishandFrenchpoliticaltraditionshaveanimportantinfluenceontheformationoftheCanadianpoliticalsystem.F6.TheSenateisalsoanelectedbodyofmenandwomen,representingfourmainregionsinCanada.F7.InCanada,localgovernmentsaresubordinatetotheprovincialgovernments,andprovincialgovernmentsaresubordinatetothefederalgovernment.F(Unit19)8.TheMétisplayedanimportantroleinfurtradebetweentheFirstpeopleandtheEuropeans.T9.Themajoreconomicactivityduringcolonialtimeswasthefurtrade.F10.InCanada,immigrationremainsanexplosivepoliticalissue.TII.BlankFilling(Unit17)1.MostoftheinhabitantsintheNorthofCanadaareAboriginalpeoples.2.Thewestern-mostprovinceisBritishColumbia,whichhasthreemajormountainrangesrunningthroughit,amongwhichthelargestoneistheRockies.3.LakeLouise,locatedintheRockies,isprobablythemostfamousimageoftheCanadianlandscape.4.Theprairiesareflatandfeaturelessandhaveaharshcontinentalclimate.5.TheprairiesarecalledCanada'sbreadbasketbecausetheterrainiswell-suitedtofarming.6.OntarioandQuebecarethemostdenselypopulatedprovinces.OverhalfofCanada'spopulationliveinthetwoprovinces.7.NewfoundlandwasthelastprovincetojoinCanadain1949.(Unit18)8.Canada’spoliticalsystemreflectsthetwomajorforeignforcesonthehistoricaldevelopmentofthecountry:BritainandtheUnitedStates.9.Canada'ssystemofgovernmentwasbasedontheBritishsystemofparliamentarydemocracy.Thisisoftenreferredtoas“West-minster-style”democracy.10.CanadawasthefirstpoliticalcommunitytocombinefederalismwithaBritishsystemofgovernment.11.TheCanadianparliamentisdividedintoalowerhouse,theHouseofCommons,andanupperhousecalledtheSenate.(Unit19)12.TheInuitusedtobecalledthenon-Indianpeoples.13.Canada’saboriginalpeopleswereforcedtoliveonreserves.14.Duringthe1930s,theperiodoftheGreatDepression,Canada’simmigrationmarketwasopenonlytoBritonsandAmericans.15.Inmorerecentyears,thefederalgovernmentencouragedAsianimmigration,offeringpassportstothosewithcapitaland/orentrepreneurialskills,bypassingtheImmigrationActof1976.16.Becauseoftheracist,overtonesandthepurelyeconomicconcernsinitsimmigrationpolicies,Canadalookshardheadedratherthanhumanitarian.III.MultipleChoice(Unit17)1.________isthecapitalofCanada.C

A.Vancouver B.Toronto C.Ottawa D.Montreal2.Canadaranks________inlandareaintheworld.A

A.second B.first C.third D.fourth3.________arethetwoofficiallanguagesinCanada.B

A.Fren