新教材2020-2021学年高中英语第一册学案：UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSSectionⅢ　ListeningandTalkingReadingforWriting含解析

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精SectionⅢListeningandTalking，ReadingforWritingⅠ。重点单词1．eruptvi.&vt.(火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruptionn2．supplyn.[pl。]补给品;供应(量)；补给vt.供应；供给→suppliern．供应商3．powern．电力供应;能量；力量;控制力→powerfuladj.强大的；猛烈的；有势力的4．tapvi.&vt。轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n．水龙头;轻叩；轻敲5．pipen．管子;管道6．whistlevi。吹口哨;发出笛声vt。吹口哨n．哨子（声）；呼啸声7．emergencyn．突发事件；紧急情况8．calmadj。镇静的;沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静→calmlyadv.镇静地；沉着地9．aidn．援助；帮助；救援物资vi。＆vt.10．kitn．成套工具；成套设备11．crashvt.＆vi。碰撞；撞击n12．sweepvt.&vi13．waven．海浪；波浪vi.＆vt。挥手；招手14．strikevt。＆vi.（struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打n．罢工；罢课；袭击→strikern15．delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→deliveryn16．summaryn．总结；概括；概要17．effectn．影响；结果；效果→effectiveadj。有效的；实际的18．lengthn．长；长度→longadj.长的；长久的Ⅱ。重点短语1．wakeup唤醒；叫醒2．putup搭起；张贴3．intheopenair露天；在户外4．onhand现有(尤指帮助)5．morethan超过；多于6．sweepaway消灭；彻底消除7．standat达到特定水平（或数量、高度等)8．asmanyas多达；……之多9．payattentionto注意10．carryout执行；实施Ⅲ.重点句型1．Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday，killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，andatleastfourothercountries。昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸袭击了亚洲的海岸线,造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少四个其他国家6500多人死亡。2．Fishermen，tourists,hotels，homes，andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0.渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被这场达到9。0级的强震引发的巨浪卷走了.3．Indianofficialssaidas_many_as1，900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.印度官员说,南部沿海地区有多达1900人遇难。4．Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.我正和我的三个孩子吃早饭，突然海水冲入了我家。5．However，dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies。然而，危险的状况和被损坏的道路将使得运送食品和供应品变得困难。1eq\a\vs4\al（eruptvi.＆vt.火山爆发;岩浆，烟等喷出）[典型例句]He’slikeavolcanojustwaitingtoerupt。他像一座将要爆发的火山.Violenceeruptedafterthefootballmatch。足球赛后突然发生了暴力事件。[思维拓展］eruptionn．爆发；喷出eruptinto突然发出(尤其指叫喊)Thelittlegirleruptedintocry。那个女孩突然大哭起来。［即学即练］Justassoonasthevolcanoerupted（erupt)，thepolicemenaskedthelocalvillagerstorunawayfromtheirhometown.eq\o（\s\up7（2)，\s\do5(））eq\a\vs4\al（supplyn.［pl.]补给品;供应量;补给vt。供应；供给）[典型例句]Thevillagetribeisfriendlyandtheysharetheirwatersupplywithyou.村里的部落很友善,他们会和你一起分享水源。Wewillsupplyyouwiththecropyourequire.我们会向你们提供所需的农作物。Thesupplyisinadequatetomeetthedemand。供不应求。Hesuppliedthepolicewiththenamesofthoseinvolvedinthecrime.他向警察提供了涉案人员的名字.[思维拓展］thewatersupply水资源供应agoodsupplyof/suppliesof大量；备有许多……inshortsupply供应不足；短缺supplyanddemand供求关系supplysb。withsth./supplysth.tosb.供应某人某物medicalsupplies医疗用品supplyaneed/demand满足需要[误区警示]表示“提供”的词：supply，provide，offer和servesupplysb.withsth.＝supplysth。to/forsb.向某人供应某物providesth。forsb.＝providesb。withsth.向某人供应某物offersb.sth。＝offersth.tosb。向某人提供某物servesb。withsth.＝servesth.tosb.拿某物招待某人注意：当“供应品；生活用品；补给品"等,常用复数itarysupplies军需品householdsupplies家庭用品medicalsupplies医用品［即学即练]Hesupplieduswithfreshvegetables.3eq\a\vs4\al(powern。电力供应;能量;力量;控制力）［典型例句］Thepowerofthegovernmentshasincreasedgreatlyoverthepastcentury.近一个世纪以来，政府的权力大大增强了。Heturnedonthepowerandthemachineworked。他打开电源,机器就工作了。Itwasastormthatcutoffpowertothewholeregion.一场暴雨切断了整个地区的电力供应。［易混辨析］power,strength,force这三个名词都有“力量”的意思，但使用范围不完全相同。power“力量”，含义最广，指政治力量或能力；strength指某人或某物所具有的内在力量,可指体力、力气;force也可指物质或精神力量。多指为做成某事而使用的力量,也可指武力。Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。Theboygatheredhisstrengthtogetup.那个男孩聚集力量站了起来.Thereleaseofhostagescouldnotbeachievedwithouttheuseofforce.不使用武力不可能解救人质。［思维拓展]powerfuladj。有力量的；有权力的powerlessadj。无力的；无权力的inpower执政中cometopower当权；上台［即学即练]Therewerepeoplewhodidn'twanthimtocometopower，andhissupportersweremovinghimeverynighttodifferentsafeplaces。eq\o（\s\up7（4），\s\do5（))eq\a\vs4\al(tapvi。&vt.轻叩;轻敲；轻拍n。水龙头；轻叩；轻敲）[典型例句]Theteachertappedtheboyontheshoulder。老师轻轻地拍了拍小男孩的肩膀.ThetoothhurtswhenItapit.我轻敲时牙齿会痛。Therewasataponthewindow.有人在轻叩窗户。Don'tleavethetaprunning.别让水龙头开着.[即学即练］SuddenlyIfeltsomeonetapping(tap)meontheshoulder。5eq\a\vs4\al（calmadj。镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静)[典型例句］Itookadeepbreathtocalmmyselfdown。我深吸一口气使自己平静下来。Afterthestorm,itbecamecalmagain。暴风雨过后，天气又恢复了平静。［思维拓展]calm(...）down（使）平静下来；（使）镇定下来keep/stay/becalm保持镇静［易混辨析］calm，silent,quiet，stillcalm“平静的;沉着的”，指无风浪或人的心情不激动。silent“寂静的；沉默的；不出声的”，指没有声音或不讲话。quiet“宁静的；安静的”,指无声、不吵闹或心里无烦恼。still“静止的；不动的”，指没有动作或运动的状态。Whenfacingdanger,oneshouldkeepcalm;whentakenphotosof，oneshouldkeepstill;whensomeoneelseisasleep,oneshouldkeepquiet;inclass,oneshouldn'tkeepsilentabouttheteacher’squestions.一个人面对危险时,应该保持镇静；照相时，应该保持不动；他人睡觉时，应保持安静；在课堂上，对老师的问题不应保持沉默。［即学即练］用calm，quiet，still或silent填空（1)PleasekeepstillwhileItakephotosofyou。(2）Keepsilentaboutthematter。(3）Dokeepcalmintimeofdanger.（4）Pleasekeepquietwhenyouarelisteningtoyourteachers.eq\o(\s\up7(6),\s\do5（）)eq\a\vs4\al（aidn。援助；帮助;救援物资vi。＆vt.formal帮助；援助）[典型例句］Iaidedhimwithmoney.我资助了他。Agooddictionarycanaidlanguagelearning.一部好词典有助于学习语言.AidtotheThirdWorldisatpresentlittlemorethanadropintheocean.目前对第三世界的救助不过是杯水车薪.[思维拓展]firstaid急救give/do/offerfirstaidtosb。对某人进行急救withtheaid/helpof。..在……的帮助下gotoone’said/help前去帮助某人aidsb。withsth。帮助某人某事aidsb.in(doing)sth.帮助某人做某事aidsb.todosth。帮助某人做某事[即学即练]Theyaidedthepoorcountrywithmoney.7eq\a\vs4\al（crashvt.＆vi.碰撞;撞击；坠毁n.撞车；碰撞）［典型例句］Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothebackofabus.货车失控撞到了一辆公共汽车的尾部.Shestormedoutoftheroomandcrashedthedoorshutbehindher。她愤怒地冲出房间并随手把门砰的一声关上。Sixpeoplewerekilledyesterdayinthecarcrash。昨天的车祸中6人死亡。[思维拓展]crash（..。）into。..(把……)与……相撞，撞上……［即学即练]Theplanecrashed（crash)soonaftertake。off。8eq\a\vs4\al(waven。海浪；波浪vi.&vt。挥手;招手)[典型例句]Thethirdwavewassostrongthatitknockedmebackwards。第三次波浪太大了，把我打了回去。Theycametothefrontdoortowavegoodbye。他们来到前门挥手告别。Hegavemeawave.他向我挥手.MymotherwascryingasIwavedgoodbyetoher。当我挥手跟母亲说再见时，她哭了。［思维拓展］radiowaves无线电波givesb。awave向某人挥手waveto/atsb.向某人招手/挥手eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(wavesb.goodbye,wavegoodbyetosb.）)挥手告别某人[巧学妙记］[即学即练］Amanintheriverwasshoutingandwaving(wave）hisarmsarounddesperately.eq\o（\s\up7（9)，\s\do5（）)strikevt。＆vi。struck，struck/stricken侵袭；突击;击打n.罢工；罢课;袭击[典型例句]Theworkerswerestriking/onstrikebecausetheywantedmoremoney。工人们在罢工，因为他们要求涨工资。Whentheclockstruckfive，thestrikestarted.当钟敲响了五点,罢工开始了。Itstrikesmethatnoneofthemtrustseachother。使我震惊的是他们当中没有一个人信赖对方。Greatdamagehasbeencausedbythetornadowhichstruckthearealastweek。上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了巨大的损失。[思维拓展]bestruckwith（by）为……所侵袭；为……所触动（感动）Itstrikesmethat。.。我突然意识到……；我的印象是……strikeamatch划火柴strikeon/upon打在……上；撞到……上beonstrike在罢工goonstrike举行罢工strikern．罢工者;前锋;射手［即学即练]Itstruck(strike)methattherewasnooneathome.eq\o（\s\up7（10)，\s\do5()）eq\a\vs4\al（delivervt。＆vi.递送;传达vt。发表；给……接上；分娩）［典型例句］Wouldyoudelivermymessagetoyourmother?你可以帮我传口信给你母亲吗？Hedeliveredanimportantreportatthemeeting。他在会上做了重要报告。［思维拓展］deliversth。（tosb。)投递/传送某物(给某人)deliveraspeech发表演说deliverababy接生deliversb./sth。overtosb.把……移交给某人［即学即练］Hedeliveredmymessagetohisbrother。11eq\a\vs4\al（effectn。影响；结果；效果）［典型例句］Itriedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleornoeffect。我试图说服他，但却无济于事.Parentsworryabouttheeffectofmusicontheirchildren'sbehavior。父母担心音乐对孩子的行为所产生的影响。Inflationishavingadisastrouseffectontheeconomy.通货膨胀正在给经济带来灾难性的影响.[思维拓展]effectiveadj.有效的；醒目的beofnoeffect无效；没有作用；不中用haveaneffecton影响carry/put/bringsth.intoeffect实施，实行，使生效comeintoeffect/takeeffect(法律、规则或制度)生效；实施ineffect＝effectively实际上beineffect(规律，法律等)生效，有效，在实行中[即学即练]Nobodyknowsforsurewhateffecttheglobalwarminghasonourenvironmentinthelongterm。考点集训一单句语法填空1．Wesupplyhimwithmoneyandclothes.2．Foodisinshortsupplyalloverthecountry。3．Aftercomingtopower，hecarriedoutalotofreform(改革)．4．Thewomanhasstoppedcrying；inotherwords，shecalmsdown。5．Hisworkmatesaidedhimto_overcome(overcome)thedifficulty。6．Hecaughtsightofhisfatherandwaved(wave）tohim.7．Weweretoldthepizzawouldbe_delivered(deliver)in20minutes.8．Thishadagreateffectonthefutureofbothmotherandson。9．Itwon'tbeeasytoputthechangesintoeffect。1eq\a\vs4\al(intheopenair露天；在户外)[典型例句］It'sgoodforyoutorunintheopenair.在户外跑跑步，对你来说是有益的。Apartfromsometeahouseswithdifferentstyles，teastallswithseatsintheopenairalongtheWestLakearegettingmoreandmorepopular。除了一些风格迥异的茶馆,围绕西湖的带有露天茶座的茶摊也越来越受到人们的欢迎。[思维拓展］ontheair在广播中，正在播出的intheair在空中，悬而未决；在流行中［即学即练］Thefilmwillbeshownintheopenairtonight。2eq\a\vs4\al(onhand现有尤指帮助）[典型例句]Ourteamofexpertswillbeonhandtoofferhelpandadvicebetween12noonand7pmdaily。每天中午12点到下午7点，我们的专家小组将随时提供帮助和建议。Therewassimplynocashonhandtomeetthecostoffood.手头实在没有现金可以购买食品.Wehavenobodyonhandtorepairyourcar。我们现在没有人能修你的车。［思维拓展]byhand用手；靠人工handinhand手拉手;连在一起地ontheonehand。。.ontheotherhand一方面……另一方面[即学即练］Wewillhavesomeexpertsonhandtogiveyouanyhelpyouneedatalltimes。3eq\a\vs4\al(sweepaway消灭；彻底消除）［典型例句]Thetownwassweptawayintheearthquake。这个城镇在那次地震中被夷为平地。Anydoubtshadlongsincebeensweptaway。一切怀疑早已完全消除.Wewouldliketobeabletosweepawaythoseharmfulrumors。我们要清除那些不实的有害传言。[思维拓展］sweepaside对……置之不理；全然无视；不理会sweepup清扫[即学即练］First，wecleanourhouseandsweepawaybadluck，andthenwepaintdoorsandwindowsred.4eq\a\vs4\al(standat达到)[典型例句］Yourbankbalancestandsat$720。98.你的银行存款余额为720.98美元。[思维拓展］standfor代表;支持standwith（在某人心中）处于（何种）位置；被（如何）看待standby支持;袖手旁观；准备;站在旁边［即学即练］—ThebookiswrittenbyT．C.Smith。-Whatdoesthe“T.C。”standfor?5eq\a\vs4\al(payattentionto注意）[典型例句]Shepaidmuchattentiontoherappearance.她很注重外表。Everyoneshouldpayattentiontokeepinghealthy.每个人都应注意保持健康.[思维拓展]drawone’sattentionto吸引某人注意fixone’sattentionto注意concentrateon集中注意力于……[误区警示]以上短语中的to、on都是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词.［即学即练］Agreatdealofattentionhasbeenpaidto_protecting(protect）theenvironment。6eq\a\vs4\al(carryout执行；实现；完成)[典型例句］Theschooliscarryingoutanewplan.学校正在执行一项新的计划。Sheneededaclearheadtocarryoutherinstructions.她需要头脑清醒才能执行自己的指令.Allofushavecertaindutiesandjobstocarryout。我们每一个人都要完成一定的职责和工作。Weshouldcarryoutthedecisionsandcheckupontheresults.我们应执行决议并检查执行结果.[思维拓展］carryoff夺走carryon继续carrythrough把……进行到底[即学即练]Somepolicies(政策)can'tbe_carried(carry)outbecauseofsomereasons.考点集训二单句语法填空1．Ifyouhappennottohaveanythingonhand，couldyoupleasegivemeahelpinghand？2．Inthisway，“sweepingthedust”beforetheSpringFestivalmeansathoroughcleaningofhousestosweepawaybadluckinthepastyear.3．Weshouldpaymoreattentiontoimproving（improve)ourwrittenandspokenEnglish.4．Theteamhopestocarryoutthatstudythisyear.5．Ontheonehand，computersimprovetheworkingefficiency（效率）;ontheotherhand，theyalsobringaboutsomenewproblems。eq\o(\s\up7(1），\s\do5（))Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday,killingmorethan6，500peopleinIndonesia，India,Thailand，Malaysia，andatleastfourothercountries.昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸袭击了亚洲的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少四个其他国家6500多人死亡.（1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunami；thatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday是定语从句,修饰前面的先行词atsunami，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语；killingmorethan。.。fourothercountries是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语.(2)现在分词短语作状语时表示自然而然的结果,它常常位于句末,可以扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句.Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney(＝andlefthimalotofmoney）．他的爸爸去世了，留给他很多钱。Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam，thuscausingthedelay（＝thusitcausedthedelay)．他们的车困在了交通阻塞中，因而耽误了。[误区警示]现在分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语应保持一致。听到这个消息,他脸红了.（正）Hearingthenews，heturnedred.(误)Hearingthenews，hisfaceturnedred。（hisface不能发出hearing这个动作)[思维拓展］不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，且其前可加only表示强调。Wehurriedtothestation，onlytofindthatthetrainhadleft。我们匆匆忙忙地赶去车站,结果发现火车已经走了。［即学即练]Europeanfootballisplayedinmorethan80countries，making(make)itthemostpopularsport。eq\o(\s\up7(2)，\s\do5（）)Fishermen，tourists,hotels，homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9。0.渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被这场达到9.0级的强震引发的巨浪卷走了。（1）这是一个主从复合句。主句是Fishermen，tourists,hotels,homes，andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewaves；causedbythestrongearthquake是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的名词hugewaves，相当于定语从句that/whichwerecausedbythestrongearthquake；thatreachedamagnitudeof9。0是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词earthquake，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。（2)过去分词(短语)作定语的用法：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1（①可表示被动和动作已完成，②单个过去分词作定语时多前置，过去分词短语作定语,时多后置,③过去分词短语作后置定语时可转化为定语从句))Abalanceddietprovidesnutritionforyourbody。均衡的饮食为你的身体提供营养。HaveyoureadthenovelswrittenbyDickens(＝whichwerewrittenbyDickens）?你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？［即学即练]Youcannotacceptanopinionoffered(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.eq\o(\s\up7（3),\s\do5(）)Indianofficialssaidasmanyas1,900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast。印度官员说，南部沿海地区有多达1900人遇难.asmanyas其后通常直接跟具体数量，表示“多达"“……之多”“整整"的意思。Asmanyasahundredpeopleattendedthemeeting.参加会议的有一百人之多.Youmaytakeasmanychairsasyouneed.你需要多少椅子就拿走多少椅子。[即学即练]Hedrinksasmanyasthreebottlesofmilkaday.eq\o（\s\up7（4），\s\do5())Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome。我正和我的三个孩子吃早饭,突然海水冲入了我家。句中when用作并列连词,意为“这时(突然）”，相当于andthen或andjustatthattime。Wewerediscussingthemathsproblemwhentheheadmastercamein.我们正在讨论数学问题，这时校长进来了。TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboystheweeklychemistryexperimentwhen，beforeIknewit，themixturewasbubblingovereverywhere！几天前，我正给孩子们演示每周一次的化学实验,这时，还没等我反应过来混合剂就冒得到处都是！[思维拓展]when作并列连词时的常见句式：eq\b\lc\｛\rc\（\a\vs4\al\co1(bedoing。。.when。.。正在……这时突然……,bejustabouttodo。。。when。。。正要……这时突然……,beonthepointofdoing。。。when。..正要……这时突然……，hadjustdone.。.when.。。刚刚做完……这时突然……))注意：when作并列连词时，通常不能位于句首；句型中的be通常为was/were。Shewascookingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.她正在做饭，这时有人敲门.Iwasabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.我正要动身，这时下雨了.Theywereonthepointofleavingwhenthepowerwascutoff。他们正要离开,这时突然停电了.Ihadjustfinishedreadingthenovelwhenmyfathercamein。我刚读完这本小说，这时父亲进来了。[即学即练]Thegirlwaswalkingalongthebeachwhenabeautifulbirdcaughthereye。eq\o（\s\up7（5）,\s\do5（))However，dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies。然而,危险的状况和被损坏的道路将使得运送食品和供应品变得困难。句中makeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies是动词make的复合宾语结构。WhentheGoddessofHeavenknewthathergranddaughterwasmarriedtoahuman,shebecameveryangryandmadetheweavinggirlreturntoHeaven。当王母娘娘知道自己的孙女跟一个凡人结了婚,她勃然大怒，把织女带回了天庭。［思维拓展］“make＋宾语＋宾补"结构的几种常见形式：（1)make＋名词/代词＋不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时,不定式符号to要还原。如:Everydaymyparentsmakemehaveanegg。＝EverydayIammadetohaveaneggbymyparents。我爸妈每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。(2)make＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词与宾语(名词/代词）之间是被动关系，且分词动作已完成.值得注意的是，不能用现在分词作宾补。