2023年考博英语（高等院校招生）2010-2022历年真题选编带答案难题含解析

2023年考博英语（高等院校招生）2010-2022历年真题选编带答案难题含解析（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共75题)1.Atrap______disguiseiswhathascometobecalledaTrojanHorse,fromtheancientstoryofthegiftofthewoodenhorsefromtheGreeks.A.offeredasagiftinB.offersagiftinC.offeringagifttoD.offeredagiftof2.Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever______achancetopracticehisChinese.A.passedonB.passedupC.passedbyD.passedout3.Nooneexpectedhimto______againsthisformeremployer.A.deaderB.testifyC.certifyD.allege4.Itistruethat______awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.A.multiplyingB.breedingC.magnifyingD.generating5.Asweknow,computersareusedtostoreand______informationefficiently.A.reclaimB.reconcileC.reassureD.retrieve6.Oneofhiseyeswasinjuredinanaccident,butaftera______operation,hequicklyrecoveredhissight.A.delicateB.considerateC.preciseD.sensitive7.Itiseasytocomplicatethings,toindulgein"somethingtodo"or"somethingtothinkabout"insteadofstillingthemonkey-mind,findingthefutilityofcontrivedactionwhichleadsonlytoseparation,hardness,ethics,self-righteousness,andultimatestrife.A.fluxB.paradoxC.conformityD.uselessness8.AccordingtotheGeneva______noprisonersofwarshallbesubjecttoabuse.A.CustomsB.CongressesC.ConventionsD.Routines9.Thegovernmentdecidedtotakea______actiontostrengthenthemarketmanagement.A.diverseB.durableC.epidemicD.drastic10.(Hardlyhehad)entered(theoffice)whenherealized(thathe)(hadforgotten)hiswallet.A.Hardlyhehad

B.theoffice

C.thathe

D.hadforgotten11.中国是世界文明的发源地之一，有五千年的文明史。在中国古代思想史上，涌现出了许许多多杰出的思想家，为中华民族乃至整个人类留下了丰富的思想遗产。这些思想成果独树一帜，在漫长的历史中又不断地被阐释、被发展，很多思想对于今天的中国乃至世界而言，仍然历久弥新，极具生命力。比如，儒家学派创始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不仅在当代中国，在其他亚洲国家也一直备受推崇。12.Afewyearsago,therichworld'sworryabouteconomicinteractionwithdevelopingcountrieswasthatthepoorcouldnotprofitfromit.SounbalancedwerethetermsofexchangebetweentheNorth'smightyindustriesandtheSouth'sweaklingsweatshopsthattradebetweenthetwocouldbenothingmorethanexploitationoftheonebytheother;farfromhelpingthepoorcountries,globalintegrationwouldactuallydeepentheirpoverty.Thisfearhasnowgivenwaytoapessimismthatisequalandopposite--namely,thattradewiththedevelopingworldwillimpoverishtoday'srichcountries.

Thisnewfearismoredangerousthan-theoldone.Theearlierscaretacitlyaffirmedthatthe,industrialcountrieswouldsufferiftheycutheirlinkswiththethirdworld.Startingfromthere,campaigningintheNorthtorestricttradewithdevelopingcountrieswasgoingtobeanuphillstruggle.Thosewhoopposedeepereconomicintegrationnowhaveabetterplatform.Vitalinterestsobligetherichcountriestoprotecttheirindustriesfromthenewcompetition.Unlikeitspredecessor,thisideamaysell.

Thenewfear,liketheoldone,expressestheconvictionthatgrowthinonepartoftheworldmustsomehowcomeattheexpenseofanother.Thisisadeeplyrootedprejudice,andplainlywrong.Verynearlyalloftheworldismoreprosperousnowthanitwas30yearsago.Growthhasbeenastoryofmutualadvance.

Lendingusefulsupporttothisfirsterrorisasecond--theideathatthereisonlysomuchworktogoround.Ifnewtechnologiesmakesomejobsobsolete,orifanincreaseinthesupplyofcheapimportsmakesotherjobsuneconomic,theresultmustbeapermanentriseinunemployment.Again,onamoment'sreflection,thisiswrong.

Atthecoreofbotherrorsisblindnesstotheadaptivepowerofamarketeconomy.13.Municipalsewageisofrelativelyrecentoriginasapollutant.

Itwasfirstbroughttopublicattentioninthe19thcenturybyaLondonphysicianwhoshowedthatthecity'scholeraoutbreakhadbeencausedbyjustonecontaminatedwell.Eventhoughthecontaminationofdrinkingwaterbydiseasegermshasbeennearlyeliminatedinthiscountry,hundredsofcommunitiesarestilldischargingrawsewageintostreamsandrivers.

Theproblemofmunicipalsewagedisposaliscomplicatedbythefactthat,yearsago,mostcitiescombinedtheirstormandwastedisposalsewers.Manyofthesecombinedsystemsworkwell,butotherscannotcopewithsuddenheavyrains.Whensuchstormsoccur,watermixedwithsewagemayfloodanddisabletreatmentplantsunlessbypassed,untreated,intoastream.

Ineithercase,thepeoplemayhavelittleprotectionforseveraldaysfromthesewastesthatmaycontaindiseasegerms.

Oneconsequenceofpollution,usuallyresultingfromthedischargeofeitherrawortreatedsewagewastesintowatersources,isanincreaseinnutrientlevelsinthesewaters.Thesehighernutrientlevelsresultinarapidincreaseinthebiologicalpopulationofthewater.Excessiverespirationanddecompositionofaquaticplantsdepletetheoxygencontentinthesewaterscausingdecaywhich,inturn,mayproduceanundesirabletaste,odor,colorandturbidity.Increasingnutrientcontentsmayalsoresultinanin-creaseinmoreundesirablespeciesofaquaticlife.Allthesefactorsmakethewaterun-fitfordomestic,industrialandrecreationalpurposes.14.Thesecharminggirlsarethe______ofequalpayformenandwomen.A.advocatesB.adventurerC.successorsD.predecessors15.1.

16.Hehasneverworriedabouthispropertiesbecausehehas______themagainstdisastersandtheft.A.assuredB.ensuredC.insuredD.secure17.Ifthetesttakerfindsanitemtowhichananswerisnotknown,itmaybe______toleaveitblankandgoonwiththetest.A.probableB.considerableC.advisableD.preferable18.Becauseoftheclose______ofarchitectsandbuilders,thebuildingwascompletedaheadofschedule.A.simulationB.compositionC.collaborationD.inflation19.Anynegativestatementsandaccusationsmadeshouldbe______andforthrightlyanswered,preferablyatthelevelonwhichtheyoriginate.A.promptlyB.thoroughlyC.punctuallyD.exactly20.Fewerandfeweroftoday'sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,______thesamecompany.A.farmoreB.muchworseC.lesslikelyD.letalone21.Thecriminal______pastaguardandmanagedtoescape.A.stormedB.sneezedC.sneakedD.stole22.Mypurposeistoconsiderif,inpoliticalsociety,therecanbeanylegitimateandsureprincipleofgovernment,takingmenastheyareandlawsastheymightbe.InthisinquiryIshalltryalwaystobringtogether______with______sothatjusticeandutilityareinonewaydivided.A.whichfightpermitted...whichinterestprescribedB.whatfightpermits...whichinterestprescribedC.whatfightpermits...whatinterestprescribesD.whichfightpermitted...whatinterestprescribes23.迄今为止，科学已经发展了好几百年了，但我们还远未获得对世界的完全认识。也许我们并不能把握世界的终极真理，但会一步步接近它。24.Directions:Nowadaysthewaymanypeopleinteractwitheachotherhaschangedbecauseoftechnology.Inwhatwayshastechnologyaffectedthetypesofrelationshipspeoplemake?Hasthisbecomeapositiveornegativedevelopment?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsbasedonthistopic.YouressayshouldbewrittenclearlyontheAnswerSheet2.25.Somesociologistsareworriedaboutthe______competitionforstatusthatisintensifiedthroughoutthewholesociety.A.fraudulentB.generousC.dynamicD.compulsive26.Therewillalsobea"WalkingintoHealth"campaign,aimingtogetathirdofthepopulationinEnglandwalkinganextrathousandsteps-aroundakilometer-everydayby2012.

"Wewilllookatusingfinancialincentives,suchaspayments,vouchersandotherrewards,toencourageindividualstoloseweightandsustainthatweightloss,toeatmorehealthily,ortobeconsistentlymorephysicallyactive,"officialssaid.27.Describechildrensurfingthenetbrieflyandgiveyourcomments.28.Directions:MoreandmoreChinesescholarsnowbelievethattheiracademicstudiesshouldbeorientedtowardtheneedsofthesocietyandthegovernmentinsteadofpersonalinterests.Whatdoyouthinkofthisbelief?Youarerequiredtomakecommentsonthisbeliefinabout200words.Don'tforgettogiveatitletoyourcomments.PleasewriteyourshortessayontheANSWERSHEET.29.1、有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师。

2、学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是。。。

3、学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题。30.I'vetoldyou______thatyoucannottooutandplayuntilyou'vefinishedyourhomework.A.onceandforallB.toallintentsandpurposesC.allthewayD.inallrespects31.Publichealthexpertssaythat(the)moneyonespends(avoiding)illnessis(less)thanthecost(tobe)sick.A.the

B.avoiding

C.less

D.tobe32.Theonlywayhecoulddoit-andby"it"hemeansachievingtheleveloffameenjoyedbyMartin,whoissofamousthathisinfantdaughter,Apple,isbetterknownthantherestofColdplaycombined--isbygettingintosomekindoftrouble,anditcouldonlybeinfamy,whichisofcourse,______A.preposterousB.preludialC.preciseD.preponderant33.Probablythereisagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesn'tusuallystayawayfromwork.A.ConspicuouslyB.ProspectivelyC.IncidentallyD.Presumably34.OnethirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,______intheSanFranciscoarea.A.exceptionallyB.drasticallyC.remarkablyD.predominantly35.Industrial-erathinkingforcescompaniesintocharacterizingtheirbusinessmodelsasbeingeitherproduct-orservice-focused.Thisisafalsechoice.Makingaproductdoesn'tdefinethemarketacompanyiscreatingorcompetingin.Describingabusinessasamanufacturerimmediatelyconstrainsbusinessmodelinnovationopportunities.Ifwewanttobringbackmanufacturingwehavetostartbychangingourthinkingaboutmanufacturing.36.Theseareasrelyonagriculturealmost______,havingfewmineralrecoursesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment.A.respectivelyB.extraordinarilyC.incrediblyD.exclusively37.Westernmanishimselfbeingde-Westernizedbyhisownspeed-up,______byindustrialtechnology.A.asmuchtheAfricansaredetribalizedB.theAfricansaremuchbeingdetribalizedC.asmuchastheAfricansarebeingdetribalizedD.asmuchastheAfricansaredetribalized38.Hisheart______withexcitementashewaswaitingforthereceptionbytheleaders.A.flappedB.flourishedC.flushedD.fluttered39.Manyyoungpeoplebelievethatwarisstupidandunnecessary.Tothem,toloseone'slifeonthebattlefieldis______A.gloriousB.futileC.heroicD.courageous40.Beliefsabouttherelationshipbetweenhumanityandthenaturalenvironmentcanbedirectlycorrelatedwithconceptionsheldregardingtherolescienceandtechnologyplayinmediatingthatrelationship.Theinterdependenceofthesebeliefswithperceptionsoftheenvironmentalimpactsofscienceandtechnologyarecentralinthenotionsheldwithregardtothefutureroleofscienceandtechnology.A.regardingB.playinmediatingC.arecentralinD.withregardto41.Thesalesofthebookbythefamouswritercontinueto______likearunawayballoon.A.leapB.approachC.advanceD.soar42.Jack's______ofblackmusicandperformersintoamainstreamartformcontributedincrucialbutnotoftennotedwaystodesegregation.A.transformationB.assimilationC.deviationD.diversion43.Inthe"NewHorizonCollegeEnglish"course,studentsmusttakeperformancetestsatmonthly______.A.gapsB.lengthC.intervalsD.distance44.Someindustrialworkersweretrying,quietlyandpeacefully,tocreateanetworkoffreetradeunions,modeledpresumablyonPoland'sfamousSolidarity,whichwasananathematotheregime.A.acurseB.acoupC.aspumeD.asinew45.ThecareerIhavechosen______opportunitiesyetitisfraughtwithheartbreak,despairandhardship.A.isladenwithB.islackofC.isburdenedwithD.isinwantof46.U.S.SecretaryofStateRice______athree-daytriptotheMiddleEastwithanagreementfromIsraeliandPalestinianleaderstoholdmeetingseverytwoweeks.A.endedupB.wrappedupC.roundedupD.summedup47.Describethepicture

2.Interpretitsmeaning

3.Suggestsomemeasures48.The______ofourtriptoLondonwasthevisittoBuckinghamPalace.A.summitB.heightC.peakD.highlight49.如果你着手干一番事业而失败了，不要丧失信心。“人失败了三次”与“我是一个失败者”之间有着天壤之别。只要你对自大不持否定想法，不把自己与失败等同起来，而是试图从失败中吸取教训，你很可能在未来取得成功。50.Takingphotographsisstrictly______here,asitmaydamagethepreciouscavepaintings.A.forbiddenB.rejectedC.excludedD.denied51.BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas______disintegration.A.onthegroundofB.onthetopofC.inthelightofD.onthevergeof52.Recentlysome______incidentsinvolvingmistreatmentofnewimmigrantsandethnicgroupshaveoccurredinsomeEuropeancountries.A.vileB.steadyC.drearyD.dissimilar53.Nobodyatworkisveryhappy,becauselastweek'ssalesfigureswerepretty______.A.destroyingB.depressingC.deceasingD.declining54.JohnDeweybelievedthateducationshouldbeapreparationfor1ire,thatapersonlearnsbydoing,andthatteachingmust______thecuriosityandcreativityofchildren.A.seekB.stimulateC.shapeD.secure55.TheLewisandClarkexpedition______theterritoryoftheLouiskanaPurchaseandbeyondasfarasthePacificOcean.A.locatedB.searchedC.exploitedD.developed56.Theindexofindustrialproduction______lastyear.A.raisedupby4percentB.roseupwith4percentC.aroseupwith4percentD.wentupby4percent57.Batsonetal.statethat"egoisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stategoalofincreasingthehelper'sownwelfare",______"altruisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stateofincreasingtheother'swelfare".A.asB.otherwiseC.whileD.although58.Irejectanyreligiousdoctrinethatdoesnot______toreasonandisinconflictwithmorality.A.applyB.appealC.attractD.attend59.当今世界正在发生广泛而深刻的变化。由于经济全球化与信息化的发展，科学技术迅猛进步，世界变成了“地球村”。各国相互联系，相互依存，利益交融达到了前所未有的程度，需要携手应对的问题越来越多，互利合作的愿望越来越强，从某种意义上讲，世界已是一种“利益共同体”。60.Thegapbetweenthoseatthelowestlevelandthoseatthehighestlevelofincomehadincreased______,andiscontinuingtoincrease.A.substantiallyB.successfullyC.succinctlyD.sufficiently61.PracticalWriting

Directions:Writealetterofinvitationofabout100wordstoyourclosefriendTom,asldnghimtocomeandstayforaweekendwithyourfamilyatyourriversidecottage:

(a)youhavenotseenhimforalongtime;

(b)thecountryairwilldohimgood;

(c)hecancatchatrainafterworkonFriday;

(d)youaskhimtoletyouknowthetimeofhisarrival;

(e)youwillmeethimatthestation.62.Thegirl______hertablemate'sarmtoseeifshewasfastasleepatclass.A.pinchedB.punchedC.pitchedD.preached63.TheamendingtreatyonEuropeanUnioncanbecomelawonlyifthereis______agreementtothiseffect.A.overallB.unifiedC.overwhelmingD.unanimous64.The______ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromotherpartsofthecountry.A.clashB.clarifyC.clarityD.clatter65.IntheAmericanfamily,thehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenough,theytakepart______.A.alsoB.thoughC.aswellD.either66.It'softenamistaketo______appearance:thatpoor-lookingindividualisanythingbutpoor.Infact,heisamillionaire.A.gooverB.gobyC.goagainstD.gofor67.HeadvisedJane______anyoneabouttheshortageoffood.A.nottellingB.nottellC.tellnotD.nottotell68.CharlesⅡwasanothermonarch______malignedbyVictorianhistorians.A.muchB.veryC.greatlyD.deeply69.Eachperson'sgeneticcodeisuniqueexcept______identicaltwins.A.incaseofB.inthecaseofC.thepointincaseD.acaseof70.HesaidthemostunusualaspectoftheMexicantrialwasthatthe12teenagerswerenotgivenanydrugstosuppresstheirimmunesystems,______wouldnormallydestroyanycellsfromotheranimals.A.atwhichB.whichC.towhichD.as71.Ifwemeanbycapitalismamethodoforganizingtheeconomywhichrestsontheprofitmotiveandthefreeplayofmarketforces,thenwecanbequitesurethatitwillbearoundforthe21stcentury.Themotivationtocompete,toownandacquirewealthisafundamentalfactofhumanexistence,justliketheneedtoeatorsleep.It'snotgoingtobeeradicated.

Onceyouacceptthatcompetitionviamarketsandpricesisthemaindrivingforceofeconomiclife,thesecondlessonisthatwhilethisisnecessaryitisnotasufficientmechanismfororderingsociety.Purefreecapitalismhadabrief,ifpowerful,heydayfromthelate1970stotheearly1990s,butitisnowclearthatphaseisover.Ifthedenialofcapitalismhasutterlyfailed,sohasthebeliefthatmarketsalonearesufficientcontrol—thoughithasnotfailedquitesospectacularly.

Idon'texpecttoseeanothereconomiccrisisofthescaleofthatinthe1970sforatleastanotherfifteenyears.Whenitdoeseventuallycome,itwillprobablybefromsometotallyunexpecteddirection.Unemploymentwillcontinuetodecline,andwhenpeoplenolongerfearthelossoftheirjobs,soadegreeofcomplacencycreepsinandtheirvalueschange.

Itmaywellbeexactlythatprocesswhich,ironically,causesthenexteconomiccrisis—butit'salongwayyet.72.AlthoughVenusisthenearestplanetoftheEarth,littleisknownaboutitbecauseitis______coveredbythickclouds.A.closelyB.curiouslyC.regularlyD.constantly73.Hebelievesthatit'swrongthatsomepeopleshouldenjoywealth,privilege,influenceandpowersolely______anaccidentofbirth.A.onthegroundofB.forthesakeofC.inviewofD.byvirtueof74.Urbancongestionwouldbegreatlyrelievedifonlythe______chargedonpublictransportweremorereasonable.A.pricesB.ticketsC.feesD.tariffs75.InanessayentitledReflectiononPlagiarism,youareexpectedtomakeyourcommentsonthisissueinabout250words.第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：A2.参考答案：B[解析]动词词组辨析。passon“通过”；passup“错过”；passby“走过，经过”；passout“分发；完成学业”。根据句意，没有错过练习汉语的机会。故答案为B。3.参考答案：B[解析]动词词义辨析。从句中的formeremployer和介词against可判断，空格处的动词应“指证”的意思。选项中只有B选项表示“做不利于……的证明，指证”。故答案为B。4.参考答案：B[解析]动词词义辨析。句中能与awildplant(野生植物)搭配的动词只有breeding(培养，养育)。故答案为B。5.参考答案：D[解析]动词词义辨析。选项中，retrieve“检索”，与and前面的store相对，指计算机存贮并检索信息，为正确答案。reclaim“开垦，回收”；reconcile“使和解，使接受”；reassure“安慰，使安心”。6.参考答案：A[解析]形容词词义辨析。能修饰operation(手术)的只有delicate，意为“精湛的手术”。故答案为A。7.参考答案：D[解析]futility意为“无益，无用，徒劳”。D选项：uselessness意为“无用，无效，无价值”，与画线单词的意义相符，如：Tooilltogetoutofbed,shehadstrongfeelingsofuselessness.由于疾病缠身，卧床不起，她深深地感到力不从心。故选D。在其他三项中，A选项：flux流出，变迁；B选项：paradox悖论；C选项：conformity符合，遵守，都与画线单词的意义不符。8.参考答案：C[解析]A选项表示“习俗，惯例”；B选项表示“国会”；C选项表示“大会，协定”；D选项表示“惯例”。这里指《日内瓦公约》，故选择C。9.参考答案：D[解析]四个选项的意思分别是：diverse“不同的，别的”；durable“持久的，牢的”；epidemic“流行的，传染的”；drastic“严厉的，强硬的”。根据句意可知，应选择D。10.参考答案：A改为hardlyhadhe。Hardly...when结构中，前半部分需用倒装结构。11.参考答案：Chinaisoneofthebirthplacesoftheworldcivilization,enjoyingahistoryoffivethousandyears.IthasproducedmanyoutstandingthinkersinChineseancientthoughthistoryandleftarichintellectualheritageforboththeChinesepeopleandtheentirehumanrace.Theideologicalachievementsofthesethinkerswereuniquelyestablishedandwerecontinuouslyinterpretedanddeveloped.Today,manyofthesethoughtsareasrelevantaseverandstillendurevitalityforChinaandtherestoftheworld.Forexample,theidealof"benevolence"andtheconceptof"harmony"advocatedbyConfucius,thefounderoftheConfucianism,havebeenadmiredhighlybycontemporaryChinaaswellasotherAsiancountries.12.参考答案：

几年前，富国担忧的是穷国可能不会从富国与发展中国家的经济交流中受益。因此不平等就成为北方强大的工业化国家和南方弱小的血汗工厂之间交换条件的代名词，而两者之间的贸易无非就是一方对另一方的剥削。随着全球经济一体化的到来，穷国非但没有从中受益，反而加剧了它们的贫困。这种担忧如今已经转为一种与此相同、但是意思相反的悲观情绪，即与发展中国家的贸易会导致现在的富国变穷。

与旧的担忧相比，这种新的担忧更加危险。旧的担忧默认的一个事实是，工业化国家若割断与第三世界的联系则会遭受损失。因此可以说，北方限制与发展中国家进行贸易的活动是一场艰难的斗争。如今，反对深化经济一体化的那些人拥有了一个更好的平台。在至关重要的利益驱使下，富国要保护自己的工业免于新的竞争。与原来的观点不同的是，这次的观点也许将被接受。

与旧的担忧相似的地方是，新的担忧同样表达了一种观点，也就是世界上一部分地区要取得发展，就必须牺牲另一部分地区的利益。这是一种根深蒂固的偏见，并且明显是错误的。与30年前相比，世界上几乎所有地区都要更加繁荣。这个事实证明，发展是一种相互受益的共同进步。

第二种错误观点是在支持第一种错误观点的基础上产生的，也就是能够分配的工作是有限的。若新技术使某些工作消失，若廉价进口品的供给增加导致其他工作不经济，势必会造成失业率的持续上升。可经过稍微的思索就会发现，这种观点是错误的。

没有考虑市场经济的巨大调节力量是产生以上两种错误的核心原因。13.参考答案：地方污水相对来说是污染物的较新来源。它最初引起公众关注是在19世纪，英国一位物理学家发现该城市的霍乱是由一个被污染了的水井引起。即使该国会造成引用水污染的疾病细菌已经被清除了，但成百的社区仍然将未经处理的污水直接倾人溪水或河流中。

数年前，许多城市将风暴降水和污水处理管道合并，这一做法使得地方污水的处理问题更为复杂。许多组合系统运作很好，但有些组合系统不能应付突然的大幅降雨。当此类暴风雨发生时，雨水混合着污水，可能会泛滥，使污水处理厂无能为力，从而迂回流淌，未经处理就汇人溪流。出现这两种情况中的任何一种，人们就会数日受到这些包含着致病细菌的废物的威胁。

污染通常由未经处理或已处理过的污水混入水源引起。污染的一个后果是水中营养级别升高。而水中营养级别的增高又会导致水中生物数量的剧增。过量的呼吸和对水生植物的分解会耗尽水中的氧气从而导致腐烂，而腐烂又会产生一种令人不快的气味、颜色，使水变得浑浊。营养物质的增加也可能引起让人更为反感的水生物种的增加。所有这一切，使得水资源不能用做家庭用水、工业用水或者是出于娱乐目的的用水。14.参考答案：A[解析]advocate提倡者，鼓吹者，拥护者。adventurer冒险家，投机分子。successor继承者，接班人。predecessor前辈，祖先。15.参考答案：CanMoneyBuyHappiness?

Whethermoneycanbuyhappinessisacontroversialissueforalongtime.Differentpeopleholddifferentideas.

Peoplewhoupholditbelievethatmoneyisthesourceofhappiness.Whenoneownsmoney,hecanbuyanythinghelikes,dowhateverheiswillingtodo.Thereforetheydrawtheconclusionthatmoneycanbringcomfort,security,andsoon.Itisthesourceofhappiness.

Yetalotofotherswhodisagreewithitbelievethatmoneyisanevilthing.Oncepeoplehavestrongdesireformoreandmoremoney,theywilllosetheirreasonandtrytoobtainmoneybyallmeans.Suchphenomenoncanbeseeninourdailylife.Formoney,peoplewouldratherfight,die,orevenselltheirsoulstotheDevil.

AsfarasIamconcerned,althoughmoneyisfundamentaltolifeandperhapsitcanbringhappinesstoyou,itisnotthesolepurposewelivefor.Happinesscanbegainedwithoutmoney.Forinstance,lovethatistherealsourceofhappinesscan'tbeboughtwithmoney;self-esteemthatisanothercrucialfactorthatproduceshappinesscan'twinwithmoney.Soitisunwisetoreckononlyonmoneytoachievehappiness.Whatmoneywillbringtoyoudependsonwhetheryouutilizeitcorrectly.16.参考答案：C[解析]assure意为“向……保证；使放心”；ensure意为“担保，确保”；insure意为“保证，保险”；secure意为“使安全；安全的”。17.参考答案：Cadvisable可取的，明智的；probable很可能，大概；considerable相当的，客观的；preferable更适应的，更称心的。18.参考答案：C[解析](collaboration合作)。句意为：由于建筑师和建筑工人密切合作，该大楼提前完工。A．simulation模拟；B．composition写作，作曲；D．inflation充气，膨胀。19.参考答案：A[解析]根据后面的“preferablyatthelevelonwhichtheyoriginate(最好能在刚产生的时候)”可知，空白处所填词语应表示“迅速地”。在选项中，promptly意为“迅速地，敏捷地”；thoroughly意为“十分地，彻底地”；punctually意为“按时地，如期地”；exactly意为“正确地，严密地”。因此正确答案是A。其他选项与题意不符。20.参考答案：Dletalone更不必说，不必考虑。21.参考答案：C[解析]storm意为“强攻，猛攻”，sneeze意为“打喷嚏”，sneak意为“潜行，偷偷摸摸做”，steal意为“偷”。这里有搭配sneakpast，意为“潜行，偷偷摸摸躲过”故正确答案为C。22.参考答案：C[解析]bringtogether意为“使结合[连接]”，由with连接的两个部分做宾语。which与what都可以引导宾语从句，区别是当指代无限定范围的事物时用what，指代有限定范围的事物时用which，根据空格处两个从句的意思(权利允许的一切以及利益要求的一切)可知应由what引导。两个从句陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时，因此C项正确。23.参考答案：Sciencehasbeenunderdevelopmentforhundredsofyearssofar;butwearefarfromgettingacompletepictureoftheworld.Maybewemaynotgrasptheultimatetruthoftheworld,butwecanapproachitstepbystep.24.参考答案：[范文]

ADouble-edgedSwordofModernCommunicationTechnology

Gettingusedtotheconveniencebroughtbytechnology,Icannotimaginethesituationthatcellphones,WeChat,Taobaoandothernewmediaofcommunicationalldisappearefromourlife.Itisundoubtedlythattheyhavealreadytakenoverourlifeandaffectedourrelationshipsinvariousways.Inmyopinion,theyhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffects.

Ontheonehand,technologyhasmadeourcommunicationeasierandmoreefficient.BeforetheInternet,weusedtowritelettersorsendtelegramtoourfriends.AftertheInternetwalksintoourlife,wesendemailstoeachotherandcanquicklyreceiveourfriends'reply.Wedon'tneedtowaitdaysorevenmonthsfortheirletters.Especiallywiththedevelopmentofsmartphonesand4Gnetworks,wecanchatwithourfriendsfacetofacewheneverwewanttoandwhereverweare.Andaslongasthereisanetwork,wecanenjoyfreevideocalls.Forinstance,Iampursuingmygraduateeducationinaforeigncountry,andIcan'taffordtoflybacktoreunitewithmyfamily.However,IcantalkwithmyparentsthroughWeChatfacetoface.Comparedwithreceivingaletterinoneortwomonths,theywouldbemuchmorerelievediftheycanseemethroughWeChatregularly.

Ontheotherhand,newwaysofcommunicationalsohavenegativeinfluenceonourpersonalrelationships.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplechoosetomakefriendsonline,ratherthangoingoutwiththeirfriendsinreallife.Itwasreportedthatsomepeopleevendecidedtohaveadinnertogetheronline,insteadofgoingtoarestaurantandenjoyingthedeliciousfoodandabeautifulnighttogether.Itbecomeshardertomaintainacloserelationshipifwecouldnotmeetourfriendsinperson.Andwhat'sworse,whensomeyoungpeoplegetusedtothevirtualworld,theyrefusetogooutsidetoembracetherealworld.

Toconclude,themoderntechnologyisadouble-edgedsword,whichmakesourlifemoreconvenientbutalsomoreisolated.Weshouldmakegooduseofthisswordinourlife—takingadvantagesofvideocallstodeveloprelationshipsandenhancingthembymeetingeachotherintherealworld.25.参考答案：D[解析]形容词词义辨析。根据句意，空格填入的词应与intensified意思相近，选项中compulsive(强制的，强迫的)符合要求，意为“人们对地位的竞争意识”。故答案为D。fraudulent“欺骗性的，不诚实的”；generous“慷慨的，大方的”；dynamic“动态的”。26.参考答案：此外，政府还制定了一项“走进健康”计划。该计划旨在使英国二分之一的人口到2012年前每天多走1000步(约1公里)。

有关官员称：“我们将考虑采用发放奖金、购物券及其它奖励方式来鼓励人们减肥并保持减肥成果、养成健康的饮食习惯以及多锻炼身体。”27.参考答案：Nowadays,theInternetisoneofthemostpowerfultoolsthroughouttheworld.TheInternetisacollectionofvariousservicesandresourcesforpeople.AlmostallhouseholdshaveaccesstotheInternet;however,beforepeopleconnectingtheInternet,theyneedtobeawareofitsdisadvantagesandadvantages.

Childrenofnetusershavebecomeabigconcern.MostparentsdonotrealizethedangersinvolvedwhentheirchildrenlogontotheInternet.Whenchildrenareonline,theycaneasilybeluredintosomethingdangerous.Whenchildrentalktoothersonline,theydonotrealizetheycouldactuallybetalkingtoaharmfulperson.Asaresult,therehavebeenmanycaseswherechildrenhavebeenconvincedtomeetpeopletheyhavetalkedwithonline.Inaddition,childrenmayalsoreceivepornographyonlinebymistake;therefore,causingconcernamongparentseverywhere.WhethersurfingtheWeb,readingnewsgroups,orusingemail,childrencanbeexposedtoextremelyinappropriatematerial.Pornographicsitestendtomakesuretheyarethefirstsitestobelistedinanysearcharea;thus,childrencomeacrosssuchsiteseasily.

Wecouldcontroltheissuefromthefollowingthreeaspects.Firstandforemost,parentsareresponsiblefortheirownchildrenontheInternetbecausethereareavailableservicestoprotectchildren.Further,tokeepchildrensafe,parentsandteachersmustbeawareofthedang