2017年高二英语人教版选修8学案：Unit1AlandofdiversitySectionⅠ

Unit1Alandofdiversity重要词汇重要词汇相关提示distinctadj.清晰的；明显的；明确的注意distinct及其名词的用法liveon继续存在；继续生存掌握以live为中心的常见短语的用法meansn．手段；方法牢记由means构成的常见短语的用法，比如bymeansof的用法majorityn．大多数；大半注意majority的用法，比如themajorityof既可以接可数名词，也可以接不可数名词。makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等掌握由life构成的常见短语的用法electvt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人掌握elect的用法keepup坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)注意keepup与其相似短语的差异boomn．(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期掌握boom作动词及名词时不同的用法occurvi.发生；出现记住occur的常用句型Itoccuredtosomebodythat...indicatevt.指出；标示；表明；暗示注意indicate的用法及其派生词indication的构成backtoback背靠背掌握与backtoback相类似的词组，比如handinhandslipvi.滑动；滑行；滑跤n．滑动；滑倒记住slip的现在分词是slipping，过去式和过去分词均是slippedteamupwith与……合作或一起工作牢记teamupwith的意义hirevt.&n牢记hire的用法及其同义词employ和rentmarkout画线；标出……界线掌握markout不同含义的用法takein包括；吸收牢记由take构成的常见短语的用法agreat/goodmany许多；很多仔细区别表示“很多”的短语的用法和不同applyfor申请；请示得到掌握由apply构成的常见短语的用法，比如applyoneselfto的用法reformvt.&vi.改革；革新n掌握reform的不同词性的用法重点句型1．ItalsohasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA...(Ithasthedistinctionof...……的特征在于……)2....itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumbers...(Itwas...that...是一个强调句型。)3．Itdidn'toccurtomethat...(该句型的含义是：我没想到……。其中it是形式主语。)4．In1940thecivilauthoritiesreformedthesystemsothatmanymoreChinesepeoplewereableto...(sothat引导结果状语从句)5．Whatdoyouthink？你认为怎样？6．JustasIthought.正如我所想的那样。重点语法复习名词性从句中的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。写作要求运用本单元所学的单词、短语、句型以及语法，学会如何使用“方向和位置”来介绍一个地方或描述一个事件。SectionⅠ—WarmingUp，Pre­reading，Reading&Comprehending一、看下面的图片，回答下列问题1．WhichflagistheAmericannationalflag?________________________________________________________________________2．WhichcityisthecapitaloftheUSA?A．NewYork. B．WashingtonD．C. C．LosAngeles. D．Houston.3．TheAmericannationalflagisknownas“thestarsandstrips(星条旗)”．Howmanystarsarethereontheflag？Howmanystrips？Howmanycoloursdoesithave?________________________________________________________________________二、将下列单词与相对应的释义搭配起来AB1．means a．aquickincreaseofbusinessactivity2．boom b．anamountexpressedasifitispartofatotalwhichis1003．elect c．mostpeopleorthings4．percentage d．awayofdoingsomething5．aircraft e．tochoosefromsomething6．majority f．aplaneorothervehiclethatcanfly三、短语互译A．从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思1．bythetime______2．amixtureof______3．beforelong______4．intheearly1800s______5．declarewaron______B．从文中找出与下列汉语对应的英语短语1．继续存在；继续生存______2．用……办法；借助……______3．习惯于新的生活方式、工作等______4．坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)______5．移民到……______四、阅读CALIFORNIA，回答下列问题1．Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A．ThelifeofCalifornians. B．ThepopulationofCalifornia.C．ThelandofCalifornia. D．Thehistoryof2．HowdidthefirstsettlerscometoCalifornia?A．TheyfliedtoCaliforniaoverthePacificOcean.B．TheysailedsouthwardthroughtheIndianOcean.C．TheygottoAmericacrossingtheBeringStraitintheArcticbymeansofalandbridge.D．TheysailedtothewestintheSpanishships.3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．MostpeopledidnotbecomerichbutsettledinCalifornia.B．Mostpeoplediedinthegoldrush.C．ThefirsttoarriveinCaliforniaforgoldwereAsians.D．Allthepeoplebecamerichinthegoldrush.4．WheredoChinese­Americanslive?A．TheyliveinallpartsofCalifornia.B．Theyonlyliveinthe“Chinatowns”ofLosAngeles.C．TheyonlyliveinSanFrancisco.D．TheyliveinCaliforniaaswellasinLosAngelesandSanFrancisco.5．WhataboutthefutureofCalifornia?A．Theracialculturewillgoon.B．Itsclimateandlifestylewillchangealot.C．MorepeoplewillcometoCaliforniaonlyforgold.D．MoretravellerswillbeattractedtoCaliforniafortheclimateandthelifestyle.答案：一、1.A2.B3．Therearefiftystarsandthirteenstrips.Theflaghasthreecolours.二、1.d2.a3.e4.b5.f6.c三、A.1.到……时候为止2.……的混合3.不久之后4.在19世纪早期5.对……宣战B．1.liveon2.bymeansof3.makealife4.keepup5.immigrateto四、1～5DCAAD1.ItalsohasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA，havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。剖析：havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld是现在分词的完成时作state的定语。AfterShockisregardedasasuccessfulmovie，havingattractedmanypeople'sattention.《唐山大地震》被看作是一部成功的电影，它吸引了许多人的注意。考点：distinctadj.清晰的；明显的；明确的ThereisadistinctimprovementinyourspokenEnglish.你的英语口语有明显的进步。Itisdistinctthatourgovernmentistohelpthepeoplewholosttheirhousesintherainstormrebuildtheirhouses.很明显，我们的政府一定会帮助那些在暴雨中失去家园的人们重建家园。Chinahasmadegreatprogressinscienceandtechnology，whichisdistinct.中国在科学技术方面取得了巨大进步，这一点是明确的。1)distinct作形容词，还有“不同的”的含义。如：Theyaredistinctfromeachotherincolour.它们在颜色上有所不同。归纳：bedistinctfrom...in...的含义是“______________________________”。2)distinctionn．差别；区分；卓著Thereisnoappreciabledistinctionbetweenthetwins.在这对双胞胎之间看不出有什么明显的差别。Hisdistinctionofsoundisexcellent.他辨别声音的能力很强。单项填空1)______aroundthefire，thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.A．Gather B．Togather C．Gathering D．Tobegathering2)Itis______thatsmokingisharmfultoourhealth.A．distinction B．distinct C．clearly D．obviously汉译英3)月球上的地球阴影很清晰。________________________________________________________________________4)他举止非凡。________________________________________________________________________5)那两个建议截然不同。________________________________________________________________________2．Thecustomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrantsliveonintheirnewhome.这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。考点：liveon继续存在；继续生存TheseChinesetraditionswillliveoneveninthe“Chinatowns”ofCalifornia.即使在加利福尼亚的唐人街，这些中国传统也将继续存在下去。Thoughtheboylosthisparentsinthetsunami，thepeoplearoundhimmanagedtohelphimliveon.虽然这个男孩在海啸中失去了父母，他周围的人们还是帮助他继续生存下去。1)liveon还有“以……为食；靠……为生”的含义。如：MostAsiansliveonrice.大多数亚洲人以大米为主食。Thatoldwomanlivesontheearningsofherdaughter.那位老太太靠她女儿的收入生活。2)含live的常用短语：livefor为……而生活；盼望liveupto实践；不辜负；达到高标准要求livewith忍受Theylivefornothingbutpleasure.他们只是为了享乐而生活。Oneoughttoliveuptowhatheknowstoberight.自己认为是对的，就应该去实践。Thestudentstrytoliveuptothehighstandardoftheschool.学生们力求达到学校的高标准要求。Whetheryoulikeitornot，youwillhavetolivewiththematter.不管你喜欢与否，都得接受这件事情。单项填空1)Inmoderntimes，peoplehavetolearnto______allkindsofpressurealthoughtheyareleadingacomfortablelife.A．keepwith B．startwith C．meetwith D．livewith2)Hadshe______herpromise，shewouldhavemadeittoYaleA．lookedupto B．livedupto C．keptupwith D．comeupwith3)Theseanimalswithlongnecks______theleavesofthetrees.A．liveby B．liveupto C．liveon D．livewith选词填空4)Standupand____________.Youaresuretosucceedinthefuture.(livein；liveon)5)Idon'tenjoythepain，butIcan____________it.(livewith；liveout)6)Wewill____________whatourparentsexpectofus.(liveupto；livein)3．ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。剖析：whichexistedinprehistorictimes是定语从句，修饰alandbridge。HeisstudyinginBeijing他在世界闻名的北京大学学习。考点：meansn．手段；方法。单数和复数的形式相同。如：Thereisnodoubtthatcomputerisanimportantmeansofcommunication.毫无疑问，电脑是重要的通讯手段。Thereis/arenomeansoffindingoutwhat'shappened.没办法查明发生了什么事。归纳：means作主语时，谓语动词的数要与means所代表的单复数保持一致。1)means，way和method为同义词，都有“方式，方法”之意，注意其介词的不同搭配。bymeansof＝inthisway＝withthismethod2)bymeansof...用……办法；借助……Thelocalarmymenhelpedthevictimsoftheearthquakebymeansofrebuildingtheirhouses.当地的军人用重建房屋的办法帮助震区灾民。Hecrossedtheriverbymeansofaraft.他借助筏子渡河。3)byallmeans(表示答应)好的，当然；一定，务必—CanIuseyourpen？我可以用一下你的钢笔吗？—Byallmeans.当然。4)byanymeans无论如何Heisnotaherobyanymeans.他无论如何也不是一名英雄。5)bynomeans决不Bynomeanswillhesucceed.他决不会成功。单项填空1)—Shirley，canIhavealookatyourphotos?—______.Hereyouare.A．Byanymeans B．Bynomeans C．Bythismeans D．Byallmeans2)Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents______allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A．which B．where C．what D．who3)Hewonthefirstinthegameby______ofclevernessandhardwork.A．nomeans B．allmeans C．thismeans D．means4．OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia，themajoritywerereligiousmen，whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。剖析：whose引导定语从句，修饰men。不定式togotoCalifornia作定语，修饰thefirstSpanish。考点：majorityn．大多数；大半Thecompanyholdsamajorityofthestock.该公司拥有半数以上的股票。Doyouthinkhewillwinbyamajorityinthecomingelection?你认为他会在即将到来的选举中以多数票获胜吗？归纳：amajorityof的含义是“______”；byamajority的含义是“____________”。1)themajorityof...作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；作为整体时，谓语动词也可以用单数形式。如：Themajorityofpeoplewereinfavouroftheproposal.多数人赞成这个建议。Themajorityofthedamageisdifficulttorepair.大部分损失难以修补。2)beinthemajority占大多数Thosewhoareinfavouroftheproposalareinthemajority.支持该项提议的人占大多数。3)反义词：minority少数单项填空1)Theschoolshop，______customersaremainlystudents，isclosedfortheholidays.A．which B．whose C．when D．where2)______thesurvivorsinthetrafficaccidentappreciatedthepolicebeforetheyleftfortheirhomes.A．Themostof B．Most C．Themajorityof D．Themajority完成句子3)Inthenursingprofession，womenare________(占大多数)．4)Hewasmadeleaderoftheteam____________(以多数)185votes.5．Somediedorreturnedhome，butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.一些人死了或回家了，但是不论多么艰苦，多数人还是留在了加利福尼亚谋生。考点一：makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等Theymadeanewlifeaftertheyarrivedthere.到达那儿之后，他们开始了新的生活。Theoldworkeroutofworkmakesalifebycollectingwinebottles.这位失业的老工人依靠收酒瓶子为生。1)同义词组：makealiving，earnaliving2)life常考词组归纳：bringtolife使苏醒；使复苏cometolife苏醒过来；恢复生气Thedoctortriedhisbesttobringthepatienttolife.医生努力使病人苏醒过来。Whenhecametolife，hefoundhimselfinhospital.当他苏醒过来的时候，他发现自己在医院里。考点二：despiteprep.尽管；不管Despitethebadweatherweenjoyedourholiday.尽管天气不好，我们的假期仍过得很愉快。Despitethehotweather，agreatnumberofpeoplewenttovisitthe2010ShanghaiWorldExpo.不顾天气炎热，许多人去参观2010年上海世博会。同义短语：inspiteof，regardlessof单项填空1)Youareoldenoughto______yourownliving.A．win B．gain C．take D．earn2)______hisfailure，hecouldn'tstandothersfeelingsorryforhim.A．Inspitethat B．Despite C．Although D．Despiteof3)Theyoungmanmanagedto______byhimselfafterhisparents'death.A．makelife B．takealife C．takealiving D．makealife6．BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethethirty­firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850，itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。剖析：bythetime到……时候为止，引导的状语从句常用一般时态，主句多用完成时态。如：Bythetimehecalledme，IhadalreadyknownthattheKoreanfootballteamhadwontheGreekfootballteamby2to0.到他给我打电话的时候，我已经知道韩国足球队以2比0的比分赢了希腊足球队。考点：electvt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人Mysisterelectedanartcoursebecauseshewasinterestedinart.因为我姐姐对艺术感兴趣，所以她选择了一门艺术课。Sheelectedtoreturntoworkafterherbabywasborn.她决定孩子出生后再去工作。DoyouknowwhowillbeelectedpresidentoftheUSA?你知道谁将被选举为美国总统吗？1)在“elect＋sb.＋职务”结构中，如主席、总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不用任何冠词。Theyelectedhimchairmanoftheorganization.他们选他为该组织的主席。2)派生词：electionn．选举；推举单项填空1)Theyelectedhim______captainoftheteamfor______secondtime.A．/；a B．the；a C．a；a D．/；/选词填空2)Bythetimeshegetshome，heraunt____________forLondontoattendameeting.(willhaveleft；left)3)____________totheHouse，apersonmustbetwenty­fiveyearsoldandmusthavebeenacitizenoftheUnitedStatesforsevenyears.(Tobeelected；Elected)7．AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod，itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。剖析：itwasthebuildingoftherailnetwork...thatbroughteven...是一个强调句结构。Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分构成强调句型。强调句的一般疑问句形式是把is/was提前，特殊疑问句形式是在一般疑问句前加疑问词。如：ItisLiNawhohasmademoreandmorepeopleinterestedintennis.是李娜使得越来越多的人对网球感兴趣。WhatwasitthatmadeJacksopleased?是什么使得杰克如此高兴？单项填空1)Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo______benefitsourworkmost.A．who B．which C．that D．what2)It'snotwhatwedoonceinawhile______shapesourlives，butwhatwedoconsistently.A．which B．that C．how D．when3)—Jessicalooksmuchbetterthesedays.______isitthathasmadeher______sheistoday?—Perhapsthespecialmedicineandherfamily'spatientcare.A．That；thatB．That；what C．What；that D．What；what句型转换4)The2012OlympicGameswillbehostedinLondon.(对地点状语进行强调)________________________________________________________________________5)Ididn'trealizeallmymistakesuntilyoutoldmeyesterday.(对not...until结构进行强调)________________________________________________________________________8．Today，Chinese­AmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia，althoughalargepercentagehavechosentostayinthe“Chinatowns”ofLosAngelesandSanFrancisco.今天，加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人居住，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)的“中国城”里。剖析：althoughalargepercentagehavechosentostayinthe“Chinatowns”．..是让步状语从句。Althougheachofusknowstheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment，wesometimesdosomethingharmfultoit.尽管我们每一个人都知道保护环境的重要性，但是我们有时还是做对环境有害的事情。考点：percentagen．百分比；百分率apercentageof后接名词时，其后面谓语动词的单复数要与所接名词相符合。Whatpercentageoftheearthiscoveredbyoceans?地球的百分之几被海洋覆盖着？Whatpercentageofthestudentswereabsent?缺席的学生占百分之几？1)thepercentageof...……的百分比，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Thepercentageofthestudentswhoareadmittedtouniversitiesis70%.被大学录取的学生的百分比是70%。2)percent和percentage的不同用法：percent表示“百分之……”，相当于“%”，其前多是一个具体数字；而percentage表示“百分比，百分率”，不用数字修饰，只可加high，large，low或small等词。Seventypercentofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredbywater.地球表面的百分之七十被水覆盖。Ahighpercentageofthefemalestaffarepart­timeworkers.女职员中，兼职工作的人占很高的比例。单项填空1)Frankinsistedthathewasnotasleep______Ihadgreatdifficultyinwakinghimup.A．whether B．although C．for D．so2)______regularexerciseisveryimportant，it'sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.A．If B．As C．Although D．Unless3)Whatpercentageofthewater______usedhere?A．are B．has C．hasbeen D．havebeen4)Thirtypercentofskilledworkers______womenworkers.A．are B．is C．be D．/9．In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown，whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.1911年，丹麦移民建立了他们自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。考点：keepup坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)Theclimberskeptupinthehopeofreachingthetopwiththelasteffort.登山队员们坚持前进，希望最后一鼓作气到达峰顶。It'sofgreatimportancetokeepupthegoodreputationofthefirm.维持公司的好名誉是很重要的。ThoughtheyliveintheUnitedStates，theykeepuptheChinesecustoms.虽然他们住在美国，但他们仍沿袭着中国的风俗。keepupwith的含义是“跟上；了解(最新的发展等)；保持联系”。Ihadtoruntokeepupwithhim.为了跟上他，我不得不跑。Doyoufindithardtokeepupwithmedicaldevelopment?你觉得了解医学的发展难吗？DoyoustillkeepupwithJack?你仍与杰克有联系吗？单项填空1)Nowadayssomeoldtraditionsandcustomsinremoteareasdeservetobe______.Otherwisetheyaretodieoutinthenearfuture.A．putup B．setup C．keptup D．heldup完成句子2)Hesuccessfully____________(赶上)hisclassmates.3)Thesurvivingsailorsmanagedto____________(坚持)untilthelifeboatcame.10．TheindustryboomattractedEuropeansincludingmanyJewishpeople.这个行业的繁荣吸引了欧洲人，包括许多犹太人。考点：boomn．(人口、贸易的)繁荣v．处于经济迅速发展时期TherewasababyboomaftertheSecondWorldWar.二战以后出现了一个生育高峰期。Theeconomyallovertheworldisbooming.全世界的经济正在迅速发展。归纳：babyboom的含义是“____________”。boom常与介词in连用。如：aboomincarsales汽车销售额的剧增单项填空1)ThecountyA．booming B．boomed C．isbooming D．hasboomed翻译句子2)他们的生意正在迅速发展。________________________________________________________________________3)电脑销售额的剧增让他们高兴。________________________________________________________________________11．Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups，butsimpl