Unit6什么时候发明部分语法focus

unit6Whenwasitinvented?SectionAPeriod3(GrammarFocus---4c)GrammarFocusWhenwasthecarinvented?Itwasinventedin1885.Whenwereelectricslippersinvented?Theywereinventedlastyear.Whoweretheyinventedby?TheywereinventedbyJulieThompson.Whataretheyusedfor?They’reusedforseeinginthedark.被动语态(PassiveVoice)结构:be+V-p.p.was/were+动词的过去分词

一般过去时的被动语态:Thenaughtyboy

broke

thewindowyesterday.(主动语态)Thewindow

wasbroken

(bythenaughtyboy)yesterday.

We

bought

somebooks.

主动句与被动句之间的转换Somebooks

werebought(byus)

主语谓语动词主动语态的过去式宾语主语谓语动词被动语态的过去分词介词+宾语主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。2.把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。被动语态的几种句型1肯定句主语+be+过去分词+(by…)Asweetsongwassungbyheronthestage.2否定句主语+be+not+过去分词+(by…)3一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词+(by…)?Asweetsongwasn’tsungbyheronthestage.Wasasweetsongsungbyheronthestage?4特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by…)?Wherewasasweetsongsungbyher?一般讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：

1、一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词的过去分词

Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.ThiscarismadeinChina.

2、一般过去式的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词

Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow.

Thestationwasbuiltin1928.

3、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词

Anewfactoryisbeingbuiltinourcitynow.Someriversarebeingpollutedinthisarea.

4、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+动词的过去分词

Anewfactorywasbeingbuiltinourcityatthattime.

SomebabieswerebeinglookedafterbyMissChenatthistimelastyear.5、一般将来时的被动语态:

(A)will/shall+be+动词的过去分词

(B)am/is/are+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.Somenewfactorieswillbebuiltinourcitythisyear.

Yourwatchisgoingtobemendedinanhour.

6、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+动词的过去分词

Yourwatchhasbeenmendedalready.

7、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must+be+done

Hecannotbefound.Imustbepaidforthis.

不能用于被动语态的几种动词：1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态。如：die,happen,takeplace等。

Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.

这场事故是昨天下午发生的。2.感官动词、半联系动词无被动语态（“keep”除外）：如：appear,e,feel,get,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste等。

Itsoundsgood.听起来很不错。3.有些动词用主动形式表达被动意义。

Thispenwriteswell.这支笔很好写。在用于被动结构时，有些动词可以带双宾语。在这种情况下，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to,etc.。1)Myunclegavemeagiftonmybirthday.→Iwasgivenagiftonmybirthday.→Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.2)Weoftenhearhimplayguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplayguitar.→Itisoftenheardfromhimtoplayguitar.注意Rewritethesentencesusingpassivevoice.Completethesentences.wereinvitedwerebroughtwaslockedrangwere