Unit4SpaceExplorationLanguagePoints1知识点讲义高中英语人教版

B3U4LanguagePoints1Period1ListeningandSpeakingmental(adj.)精神的；思想的mentally(adv.)精神上；思想上Astronautsnotonlyhadtolearnhowtousespaceequipment,butalsohadtodoalotofmentalandphysicaltraining.宇航员不仅要学习如何使用太空设备，还要进行大量的心理和体能训练。mentalactivities脑力活动 mentaldevelopment脑力发展physicalandmentalhealth身心健康 physicallyandmentallyhealthy身心健康的intelligent(adj.)有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的intelligently(adv.)intelligence(n.)智力；聪明；智慧Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.首先，你必须足够聪明才能获得相关的大学学位。a(highly)intelligent(=clever/smart)child(非常)聪明的孩子anintelligentquestion机智的问题intelligentlifeonotherplants在其他行星上的有智力的生命intelligentsoftware/system智能软件/系统apersonofhigh/average/lowintelligence智力高/一般的/低下的人artificialintelligence人工智能namefamousastronautsfromChina说出中国著名宇航员的名字theselectionprocedureforastronauts宇航员的选拔程序makealistofpossiblerequirements列出可能的条件要求becuriousaboutsth对...感到好奇becurioustodo对做某事感到好奇beselectedtoattendpilottraining被选中参加飞行员训练joinChina’sspaceprogramme加入中国的航天计划enterthespaceprogramme进入太空计划train(vi.)asafighterpilot接受战斗记飞行员培训=traintobeafighterpilotbechosentotrain(vi.)forspaceflights被选中进行太空飞行训练..inheightand...kginweight...厘米高和...公斤重Period2ReadingandThinkingdetermined(adj.)有决心的；意志坚定的determinedly(adv.)determine(vt.)查明；确定；决定determination(n.)决定；决心；果断However,somescientistsweredeterminedto(=determinedto)helphumansrealisetheirdreamstoexplorespace.然而，有些科学家下定决心要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。adeterminedefforttoquitsmoking坚决戒烟的努力Shegavemeadeterminedlookthekindthatsaidshewouldn’tchangehermind.她给了我一个坚定的眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。determinethecauseoftheaccident查明事故原因determineadateformeeting确定会议日期Upbringingplaysanimportantpartindeterminingaperson’scharacter.后天培养对于一个人性格的形成起着重要的作用。Hefoughttheillnesswithcourageanddetermination.他勇敢顽强地与病魔作斗争。下定决心作某事：determinetodosth;bedeterminedtodo;decidetodo;makeupone’smindtodosthwithdetermination坚决地launch(vt.&n.)发射；发起；上市On4October1957,theSputnik1satellitewaslaunchedbytheUSSRandsuccessfullyorbitedaroundEarth.1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。launchamunicationssatellite/amissile/arocket发射通信卫星/导弹/火箭launchaninvestigation/acampaign/anattack/invasion开始调查/发起一场运动/发起攻击/发动侵略launchone’slatestnovel/anewproduct发行某人的最新小说/发布新产品thesuccessfullaunchofLongMarch7长征七号的成功发射aproductlaunch产品的投放市场launchaspacerocket发射太空火箭thelaunchoftherocket火箭的发射orbit(n.)（环绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨道；势力范围(vt.&vi.)沿轨道运行；环绕...运行Theearthtakesayeartoorbit(around)thesun.地球绕太阳一周要一年的时间。theearth’sorbitaroundthesun地球环绕太阳的轨道amannedorbit载人飞行Anewsatellitehasbeenputintoorbitaroundtheearth.一颗新的人造卫星被送上了环绕地球的轨道。e/fall/bewithinsb’sorbit进入/落入/属于某人的势力范围orbit(around)thesun/theearth环绕太阳/地球运行disappointed(adj.)失望的；沮丧的disappoint(vt.)使失望；使落空disappointing(adj.)令人失望的disappointment(n.)失望；沮丧；令人失望的人/事物Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。be(bitterly)disappointedat/bytheresultofthegame对比赛的结果（极为）失望bedisappointedwith/inthepersonwhoalwaystelllies对总是说谎的人感到失望bedisappointednotbeselectedtoattendpilottraining对没有被选中参加飞行员训练感到失望adisappointingresult/performance令人失望的结果/演出Herdecisiontocanceltheconcertisboundtodisappointherfans.她决定取消演唱会，肯定会让她的歌迷失望。=Itdisappointsherfansthatshedeterminestocanceltheconcert.Tothedisappointmentofherfans,sheisdeterminedtocanceltheconcert.让她歌迷失望的是，她决定取消演唱会。bedisappointedat/bysth对某事/物感到失望 bedisappointedin/withsb对某人感到失望disappointsb/sth使某人失望/某事落空 toone’sdisappointment让某人失望的是desire(n.)渴望；欲望(vt.)渴望；期望towantsth;towishforsthastrongdesireforpower/knowledge强烈的权力欲/求知欲desirehealthandhappiness渴望健康和幸福Theheadteacherdesiresyoutoetotheofficeafterclass.班主任希望你下课后到办公室去。=Theheadteacherdesiresthatyou(should)etotheofficeafterclass.(have)adesireforsth/todosth（有）对...的渴望/做某事的渴望desire(sb)todosth/thatsb(should)dosth希望（某人）做某事carryon继续做；坚持干tocontinuedoingsthThisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.这是因为尽管风险巨大，人类还是坚信继续太空探索极为重要。carryonwithspaceexploration/carryonexploringspace继续太空探索carryoutapromise/aplan把承诺/计划付诸行动carryoutanexperiment/asurvey进行试验/调查carryon(with)sth;carryondoingsth继续做；坚持干onboard=aboard在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上goonboard=goaboard上船（火车、飞机等）ItorbitsEarthandhasastronautsfromdifferentcountriesonboard/aboard,providingacontinuoushumanpresenceinspace.空间站环绕地球运行，其宇航员来自不同的国家，空间站使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作。board(v.)theship/plane/train/spacecraft登上轮船/飞机/火车/宇宙飞船boardatschool在学校寄宿aboardingschool寄宿学校independently(adv.)独立地；自立地independent(adj.)独立的；自立的independence(n.)独立dependent(adj.)依靠的；依赖的；由...决定的dependence(n.)依赖；依靠depend(vt.)依靠；取决于Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003,whenYangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou5spacecraft.2003年，杨利伟乘坐“神州五号”宇宙飞船成功环绕地球运行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。solveproblemsindependently独自解决问题beindependentfrom/oftheUK=gainindependenceformtheUK脱离英国获得独立beindependentofparents不依赖父母 bedependentonparents依赖父母beindependentof不依赖...；独立于...之外 win/gainindependence(from)（脱离...）赢得独立bedependenton依赖；取决于 dependon/upon依靠；依赖；取决于signal(vt.&vi.)标志着；标明；发信号(n.)信号；标志ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.这标志着中国未来建设空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。signaltothewaiterforthebill示意服务员结账signal(to)metopullover示意我靠边停车Shesignalledthatitwastimetoleave.她示意该离开了。Hesignalledhisdiscontentbyrefusingtovote.他拒绝投票以示不满。adanger/warningsignal危险/求救信号trafficsignals交通信号灯aradarsignal雷达信号Chestpainscanbeasign/signalofheartproblems.胸部疼痛可能是心脏病的先兆。(预兆；预示)aroad/trafficsign道路/交通标志ashop/pubsign商店/酒吧招牌signyourname/atreaty签名/签订条约(签名；签字)signal/signtosbforsth示意某人某事signal/sign(to)sbtodosth示意某人做某事inthehopeofdoingsth抱着...的希望Mankindisexploringspaceinthehopeoffindingoutmoreabouttheuniverse.人类正在探索太空，希望更多地了解宇宙。I’mwritingtheletterinthehopethatyoucanconsidertheseproblemsandmakesomeimprovements.我写这封信是希望你们能考虑这些问题并有所改进。inthehopeofsth/inthehopethat...抱着...的希望hopeforsth希望得到某物hopetodosth希望做某事soastodosth为了；以便Despitethehugerisksthough,peoplewillalwayscontinuetoexplorethisfinalfrontiersoasto(=inorderto)learnitssecrets.尽管存在巨大的风险，人们还是会继续探索这最后的边境，以了解它的秘密。Robertgotupearlythismorningsoasto/inordertocatchthefirstbus.=Inordertocatchthefirstbus,Robertgotupearlythismorning.=Robertgotupearlythismorningsothat/inorderthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.(目的状语从句)=Inorderthathecouldcatchthefirstbus,Robertgotupearlythismorning.Robert今天早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。Hesatatthecornersothathesurvivedtheaccident.他坐在角落因此他在这次事故中活了下来。(结果状语从句“所以；结果”)soas(not)todosth=inorder(not)todosth;sothat/inorderthat+从句为了（不）；以便（不）learnaboutthedevelopmentofspaceexploration了解太空探索的发展历程removeseveralsentencesfromthetext文中删掉了几句话makesurenothinggoeswrong确保万无一失gowrong出故障；出问题besuitableenoughtosupportlife能够维持生命存在escapeEarth’sgravity摆脱地心引力thefinalfrontier最后的边境scientificandtechnologicalfrontiers科学和技术前沿lookupatthestars仰望星空carrybravepeopleintospace将勇敢者送入太空findoutthesecretsoftheuniverse探寻宇宙的奥秘succeedinmakingrockets成功制造出火箭focusonsendingpeopleintospace专注于载人太空飞行thefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace世界上进入太空的第一人thefirst/second/only/next/last...+n.todosth第一/第二/唯一/下一个/最后一个做...的...steponthemoon登上月球onegiantleapformankind对人类来说是一大步achievemanymoregoals实现其他诸多目标NASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)spaceagency美国国家航空航天局travelagency旅行社theCentralIntelligenceAgency（美国）中央情报局studydeepspace研究外太空transmitdata传回数据signalstransmittedfromasatellite从卫星传送来的信号theInternationalSpaceStation国际空间站theShenzhou5spacecraft神州五号宇宙飞船asecondmannedorbit又一次的载人环绕地球飞行thefirstChinesespacewalk中国的第一次太空漫步Tiangong2spacelab“天宫2号”空间实验室dockwith与...对接makemeasurementsandobservations进行测量和观察thefutureofspaceexploration太空探索的未来Period3DiscoveringUsefulStructures&ListeningandTalkingrecycle(vt.)回收利用；再利用recycling(n.)回收利用；再利用recyclable(adj.)可回收利用的Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.在太空中，宇航员收集所有的脏水，以便回收它供以后使用。recyclethepaper/glass回收纸/玻璃 recyclewaste回收利用废弃物arecyclingcentre/plant废品回收中心/加工厂 therecyclingtheglass玻璃的回收利用recyclablematerials可回收的材料lack(n.)缺乏；短缺(vt.)没有；缺乏lacking(adj.)不足的；缺少的Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.由于失重，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常虚弱，所以他们需要每天锻炼，这将有助于他们