2022-2023学年河北省石家庄市博林中学高三英语期末试卷含解析

2022-2023学年河北省石家庄市博林中学高三英语期末试卷含解析一、选择题1.Theboywassocarelessthattheglassfellfromhishandandit______onthefloor.A.brokein

B.brokedown

C.brokeup

D.brokeout参考答案：C考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个男孩这么不小心，玻璃杯从他手里掉在地板上，摔碎了。breakin闯入，打断，插嘴;breakdown（汽车，机器）出故障，分解，失败，精神崩溃;breakup打碎，（关系）破裂，结束;breakout爆发，突然发生。2.It’squitewarmhere;we__________turntheheatingonyet.A.couldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t参考答案：C略3.---Wheredoyouwanttotravelforsummer,CanadaorAmerica?---________There’resomanyniceplacesathome,youknow.A.Sowhat?

B.Whynot?

C.Howcome?

D.Whybother?参考答案：D【知识点】情景交际句意是：—你想去什么地方旅游呢？—何苦呢？在家乡就有这么多好地方。根据句意选D，A，那又如何？B，为什么不呢？表示提出建议或允许。C,怎么会…（那样）？4.So_________thateventhepeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.A.loudlyhespoke

B.hespokeloudly

C.loudlydidhespeak

D.loudlyspokedidhe参考答案：C

5.OnlyafterIfinishedmymeal_____toorderanotheroneforhim.A.Idecided

B.Ihaddecided

C.hadIdecided

D.didIdecide参考答案：D略6.

onhispastmistakes，Tedrealizedthathehadstayedaroundthewrongpeople。

A．Toreflect

B.Reflecting

C.Reflected

D.Beingreflected参考答案：B7.Accordingtotheprincipleoftheinvestigation,intervieweesshouldgiveatruthfulanswer______withtherealityoftheirworld.A.associated

B.authenticC.consistent

D.convincing参考答案：C【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意:根据调查的原则，受访者应如实回答与自己领域的现实相符的问题。A.associated联合的；

B.authentic真实的；C.consistent一致的；

D.convincing令人相信的。beconsistentwith“与..一致”。根据句意，C选项正确。8.Thiskindofcloth_______well.Ithinkitisworthy________.A.washes;buying

B.iswashed;buyingC.washes;tobebought

D.iswashed;tobebought参考答案：C9.Neithertheoldladynorhercats______outofthehousesinceherhusbandpassedawaylastmonth.A.wasstepping B.havestepped C.stepped D.hasstepped参考答案：B10.Mr．Greensatatthedooroftheroom,withhislegs__．A．crossed

B．crossingC．tocross

D．cross参考答案：A23.---Ken,whydoyoulooksotired?

---I_______myself______theclimatesinceIcamehere.A.hadn’tadapted;to

B.haven’tadapted;to

C.don’tadapt;from

D.didn’tadapt;from参考答案：B略12.Thereason

ZhangLindecidedtogoabroadafterhegraduatedfromuniversitywasthathe

withMary,anEnglishgirl,for4years.

A．why;had

beeninlove

B．that;wasinlove

C．why;hadfalleninlove

D．that;hadfalleninlove参考答案：A13.--Howlunghashebeeninhospital?

一Sincehe____hisleg

A、beastsB.hadbrokenC.brokeD.hasbroken参考答案：C略14._______today’seducatorsareusingmoreandmoretechnologyintheirteaching,manybelievebasichandwritingskillsarestillnecessaryforstudentstobesuccessful---bothinschoolandinlife.

A.As

B.Since

C.While

D.If参考答案：C15.Thiscoastalarea

anationalwildlifereservelastyear.A.names

B.named

C.isnamed

D.wasnamed

参考答案：d略16.—Ken,______,butyourradioisgoingtooloud．

—Oh,I'msorry．I'llturnitdownrightnow．

A．Ihatetosayit

B．Itdoesn'thurttoask

C．I'mreallytiredofit

D．I'mcrazyaboutit

参考答案：A考查交际用语。由but后面的句子可以看出，这是在委婉的提出要求，所以用：Ihatetosayit我实在不想说（但又不得不说）二、完型填空17.Marmosetmonkeysexistonabranchoftheevolutionarytreethatisdistinctfromtheonethatledtomans.Buttheyconstantlyastonishresearcherswith____21____behaviorthatseemsprettyhighlyevolved.Theirsocialorganizationand____22____practicescouldhavebeenthemodelforthephrase“Ittakesavillage.”Adominantmaleandfemalebreed,andtheirbabiesarecarefullylookedafterbyextendedfamilymemberswhothenaren'tfreetobreedthemselves.Anewstudyfurther____23____themarmoset’sreputationforadmirablecommunityvalues.Researchersreportthatthesecaregiverssharetheirfoodmoregenerouslywithlittleones____24____thanwhenthey’resurroundedbythewatchfuleyesofothercommunitymembers.Incomplexsocietieswhereindividualsbandtogetherfor___25___protection,researchershavecomeupwithafewwidelyacceptedexplanationsforselflessbehavior.Butspecificacts,likesharingadeliciouscricket(蟋蟀)withabeggingbabymarmoset,seemtoneedmore___26___explanationOnepossibilityisthatanindividualpractices___27___asameansofenhancinghisstatusamongpeers.By___28___thatheissowellgiftedwithmaterialgoodsthathecangivesomeaway,thisdo-gooderenhanceshispowerwithinthegroup.That,inturn,may___29___prospectivemates.Theotherexplanationforcharitablebehavior___30___thatkindnessesextendedtoothersaresimplythefeesofgroupmembership,whichofferssomefuturepromiseofachancetomate.Failuretosharewouldresultinexclusionfromthegroupandalossof___31___partners.Scientistscallthisthe“paytostay”model.Importantly,forbothofthesemodelstowork,actsofkindnessmusthavea(n)___32___.Thatsuggestsyouwouldseemoresharingingroupsettings;awayfromjudgingeyes,acaregivermightbemorelikelytokeepfoodforhimselforherself.Andyet,in2,581testsconductedwith31adultand14babymarmosets,the___33___appearedtobetrueAnthropologists(人类学家)fromtheUniversityofZurichcarefullydocumentedhowoften,ingroupsandinconditionsthatfoundcaregiverandbabyseparatedfromthecrowd,anadultwouldsharehisorhercricket.Whenalonewithababybeggingforataste,adultmarmosetssharedtheircricket85%ofthetime.Wheninagroup,caregiversoffereduptheircricket67%ofthetime.”Ourresultsshowthathelpingincommonmarmosetsisnotdrivenbyreputationmanagementor___34___avoidance,“thestudyauthorsreportedRather,itisdrivenbyadeep-downmotivationtohelpthatismore___35___expressedwhenindividualsarealonewithyoung.”21.A.animal

B.careful

C.social

D.individual22.A.evolving

B.communicating

C.organizing

D.parenting23.A.shines

B.damages

C.affects

D.protests24.A.atplay

B.inprivate

C.onschedule

D.byaccident25.A.adequate

B.effective

C.continual

D.mutual26.A.creative

B.complex

C.specific

D.official27.A.generosity

B.wisdom

C.independence

D.governance28.A.promising

B.demonstrating

C.pretending

D.explaining29.A.counton

B.goafter

C.appealto

D.benefitfrom30.A.assumes

B.confirms

C.enhances

D.concludes31.A.regular

B.dominant

C.potential

D.previous32.A.atmosphere

B.audience

C.feedback

D.judge33.A.statistics

B.expectation

C.argument

D.opposite34.A.responsibility

B.punishment

C.arrangement

D.difficulty35.A.strongly

B.causally

C.delicately

D.fearlessly参考答案：21.C

22.D

23.A

24.B

25.D

26.C

27.A

28.B

29.C

30.A

31.C

32.B

33.D

34.B

35.A【分析】本文为介绍说明文。文章介绍了科研人员对狨猴的研究发现。它们不断地以看似高度进化的行为让研究人员大吃一惊。【21题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.animal动物的；B.careful仔细的；C.social社会的；D.individual个人的。句意：但它们不断地以高度进化的社会行为让研究人员大吃一惊。故C选项正确。【22题详解】考查动词辨析。A.evolving进化,展开；B.communicating交流；C.organizing组织；D.parenting抚养。句意：他们的社会组织和为人父母的做法可以成为“一个村庄”的模式。故D选项正确。【23题详解】考查动词辨析。A.shines照耀，显露；B.damages损坏；C.affects影响；D.protests抗议。句意：一项新的研究进一步彰显了狨猴令人钦佩的社会价值观。故A选项正确。【24题详解】考查介词短语辨析。A.atplay在起作用；B.inprivate私底下；C.onschedule按计划；D.byaccident偶然。句意：研究人员报告说，这些看护人在私下里与孩子分享食物时，比在其他社区成员的注视下更慷慨。故B选项正确。【25题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.adequate充足的；B.effective有效的；C.continual持续的；D.mutual共同的，相互的。句意：在复杂的社会中，人们为了相互保护而团结在一起，研究人员为无私的行为提出了一些被广泛接受的解释。故D选项正确。【26题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.creative创新的；B.complex复杂的；C.specific特定的；D.official官方的。句意：具体的行为，比如与一只乞讨的小狨猴分享美味的蟋蟀，似乎需要更具体的解释。故C选项正确。【27题详解】考查名词辨析。A.generosity慷慨，大方；B.wisdom智慧；C.independence独立；D.governance管理。句意：一种可能性是，一个人通过慷慨大方来提高自己在同龄人中的地位。故A选项正确。【28题详解】考查动词辨析。A.promising许诺；B.demonstrating证明，展示；C.pretending假装；D.explaining解释。句意：通过展示他在物质方面的天赋，他可以分享一些东西，这可以增强他在团队中的力量。故B选项正确。【29题详解】考查动词辨析。A.counton指望；B.goafter追求；C.appealto吸引；D.benefitfrom受益于。句意：这反过来可能会吸引未来的伴侣。故C选项正确。【30题详解】考查动词辨析。A.assumes假定，设想；B.confirms证实；C.enhances提高；D.concludes总结。句意：对慈善行为的另一种解释设想是，对他人的善意只是团体成员的费用，这为未来提供了一些交配的机会。故A选项正确。【31题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.regular常规的；B.dominant支配的；C.potential潜在的；D.previous先前的。句意：不分享会导致被排斥在群体之外，失去潜在的伙伴。故C选项正确。【32题详解】考查名词辨析。A.atmosphere氛围；B.audience观众；C.feedback反馈；D.judge法官。句意：重要的是，要使这两种模式奏效，善举必须有观众。故B选项正确。【33题详解】考查名词辨析。A.statistics统计；B.expectation期望；C.argument论点；D.opposite。句意：然而，在对31只成年狨猴和14只幼狨猴进行的2581项测试中，结果似乎正好相反。故D选项正确。【34题详解】考查名词辨析。A.responsibility责任；B.punishment惩罚；C.arrangement安排；D.difficulty困难。句意：我们的研究结果表明，帮助普通狨猴并不是由声誉管理或逃避惩罚来驱动的。故B选项正确。【35题详解】考查副词辨析。A.strongly强烈地；B.causally有原因地；C.delicately精致地；D.fearlessly勇敢地。句意：相反，它是由一种帮助他人的深层动机驱动的，这种动机在与年轻人独处时表现得更为强烈。故A选项正确。【点睛】完型填空是测试考生英语水平的最重要的题型之一，也是得分率较低的题型之一。完形填空着重考查对文章的整体理解和词汇意义，包括惯用法。多数题要求考生以语篇为线索，对文章进行通篇理解，正确把握上下文语境的逻辑关系。在解题的时候，我们一定要根据前后词语的相互关系，联系上下文，有时要结合常识，才能确定正确的选项。如第1小题，根据下文Theirsocialorganizationand____2____practicescouldhavebeenthemodelforthephrase“Ittakesavillage.”可知，此处指“但它们不断地以高度进化的社会行为让研究人员大吃一惊”。由此可知，正确答案。三、阅读理解18.

Britishsocietyisconsideredtobedividedintothreemaingroupsofclasses－theupperclass，themiddleclass．andthelowerorworkingclass．ThisisknownastheclasssystemanditisimportanttoknowsomethingaboutitifyoumeantounderstandBritishpeopleandsociety．MostBritishpeoplegrowupwithadeepknowledgeandunderstandingoftheclasssystemeveniftheyarenotveryconscious（意识到的）ofit．Asaresult，morepeopleknowwhichclasstheybelongtoandareabletotellwhichclassotherpeoplecomefrombythewaytheyspeak，thekindofclothestheywear，theirinterestsandhobbiesoreventhetypeoffoodtheyeat．

Socialclassisnotonlyaboutbehaviorandattitudes．Forexample，althoughmanyupperclasspeoplearerichandmayownalotofland，havingalotofmoneydoesnotnecessarilymakeapersononememberoftheupperclass．Itisalsoimportanttocomefromaparticularkindoffamily，havefriendswhoareconsideredsuitable，havebeentoacertaintypeofprivateschoolandspeakwiththerightkindofaccent．Therearepeoplewhoarepoorbutwhodonotthinkofthemselvesasworkingclassbecausetheirfamilybackground，education，politicalopinions，etc．arebasicallydifferentfromthoseofmostworking－classpeople．ManypeopledonotliketheclasssystembutitisimpossibletopretendthatthesedifferencesdonotexistorthatBritishpeopledonotsometimesformopinionsinthisway．40．TheideaoftheclasssysteminBritain__________．

A．existsonlyinthemindofforeigners

B．isdeeplyrootedintheBritishpeople

C．isnowunderattack

D．isregardedasalongcustom41．IfanEnglishmanhasalotofmoney，__________．

A．hebelongstothemiddleclass

B．hemustbeamemberoftheupperclass

C．heisnotlikelytobefromtheupperclass

D．hemaybuyanupperclasstitlewithmoney42．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?

A．Manyrichpeopledonotbelongtotheupperclass．

B．TodaymanyBritishpeopledonotliketheclasssystem．

C．Manypoorpeopledonotconsiderthemselvesalowerclass．

D．AnEnglishman’Ssocialclassisdeterminedbymanyfactors．43．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．AnUnequalSociety

B．SocialClassinBritain

C．BritishPeopleandSociety

D．InformationaboutBritain参考答案：BCDB19.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Mr.Jacksonwastiredoflivinginhisoldhouseinthecountrysideandwantedtosellitandbuyabetterone.Hetriedtosellitforalongtime,butwasnotsuccessful,soatlasthedecidedtogotoanestateagent（房产经纪人）.The