2021届高三复习英语阅读三说明文阅读

2021届高三复习英语阅读专练3——说明文阅读

l.Thedifferentpartsofahealthcaresystemhavedifferentfocuses.Ahospitafsstroke（中风）unit

monitorsbloodflowinthebrain.Thecardiacunitisinterestedinthatsameflow,butthroughandfromthe

heart.Eachcollectionofequipmentanddataiseffectiveinitsownfield.Thus,likethestoryofblindmen

feelinganelephant,modemhealthcareoffersmanyseparatepicturesofapatient,butrarelyausefulunited

one.

Ontopofallthis,theinstrumentsthatdoctorsusetomonitorhealthareoftenexpensive,asisthe

trainingrequiredtousethem.Thatcombinedcostistoohighforthemedicalsystemtoscanregularly,for

earlysignsofillness,sopatientsareatriskofheartdiseaseorastroke.

AnunusualresearchprojectcalledAlzEye,runbyMoorfieldsEyeHospitalinLondon,in

cooperationwithUniversityCollege,London（UCL）,maychangethis.Itisattemptingtousetheeyeasa

windowthroughwhichsignalsaboutthehealthofotherorganscouldbediscovered.Thedoctorsincharge

ofit,SiegfriedWagnerandPearseKeane,arestudyingMoorfields'databaseofeyescans,whichoffersa

detailedpictureofthehealthoftheretina（视网膜）.

Theprojectwillgoastepfurthe亡Withtheinformationaboutotheraspectsofpatients1health

collectedfromotherhospitalsaroundEngland,doctorswillbeabletolookformoreaccuratesignsof

diseasethrougheyescans.

TheMoorfieldsdatasethaslotsoflinkedcasestoworkwith—farmorethananysimilarproject.For

instance,theUKBiobank,oneoftheworld'sleadingcollectionsofmedicaldataaboutindividualpeople,

contains631casesofaHmajorcardiacadverseevent".TheMoorfieldsdatacontainabout12,000such.The

Biobankhasdataonabout1,500strokepatients.Moorfieldshas11,900.Forthediseaseonwhichthe

Moorfieldsprojectwillfocustostartwithdementia,thedatasetholds15,100cases.Theonlycomparable

studyhas86.

WagnerandKeanearesearchingforpatternsintheeyethatshowtheemergenceofdiseaseelsewhere

inthebody.Ifsuchpatternscouldberecognizedreliably,thepotentialimpactwouldbehuge.

l.Whydoestheauthormention“thestoryofblindmenfeelinganelephant^^inParagraph1?

A.Toclaimtheineffectivenessofourhealthcaresystem.

B.Totellthesimilarityinvarioushealthcareunits.

C.Toexplainthelimitationofmodernhealthcare.

D.Toshowthecomplexityofpatients'pictures

2.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordMthisninParagraph3referto?

A.Thechallengeofmakingadvancedmedicalinstruments.

B.Thehighriskofgettingaheartdiseaseorastroke

C.Theinconvenienceofmodernhealthcareservice.

D.Theincompleteandexpensivehealthmonitoring.

3.HowdoesAlzEyework?

A.Bythoroughlyexaminingone'sbodyorgans.

B.Byidentifyingone'sstateofhealththrougheyescans

C.Byhelpingdoctorsdiscoverone'sdiseasesoftheeye

D.Bycomparingtheeye-scandatafromdifferenthospitals.

4.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheMoorfields'sprojectfromParagraph5?

A.Ittakesadvantageofabundantlyavailablemedicaldata.

B.Itmakesthecollectionofmedicaldatamoreconvenient.

C.ItimprovestheMoorfields1competitivenessinthemedicalfield.

D.ItstrengthensdatasharingbetweentheMoorfieldsandtheBiobank.

2.MorethanathirdofsmalltownsinGeorgialostpopulationinthelastyearalone,highlightingthe

challengesofrevivingruralareas.Newcensus（人口普查）estimatesshowthatCamillafellbelow5,000

residents.Sparksfellbelow2,000,andMilanfellto661residentsforalossof7%ofitspopulation.All

threetownsareinSouthGeorgia."

Manyoftheyoungpeopleinthesecommunitiesgraduatefromhighschoolanddon'tcomeback.They

gotocollege,whatever,theydon'tcomeback/'saidDavidBridges,headofitsCenterforRuralProsperity

andInnovationinTifton.

Meanwhile,Georgia'scitiesaregrowing,havingnoproblemdrawingpeoplefromsmalltownsand

othercities.Atlantagrewmorethan1%inthepastyearandisnownearingthehalf-million-residentmark.

Thetrendofpeoplemovingfromruraltourbanareasishardlyanewone-it'sbeengoingon

worldwideformorethanacentury.Butcontinuedpopulationlosseshaveraisedquestionsaboutwhether

ruralareascandoanythingtoreversethstide.

Ruralresidentscanfaceanumberofchallengesincludingaccesstogoodjobs,transportationand

healthcare.Manufacturingjobshavedriedupinmanyplaces,whilemodernizationandnewtechnology

meansfewerpeopleareneededforfarming.Andmanypeoplearedecidingtohavesmallerfamiliesthan

wastypicalacenturyago.

"Theoldergenerationisdying,theyoungergenerationismovingaway,andbecausethereare

perceivedtobefewerbusinessopportunities,financialopportunities,etc.it'sverychallengingtogetinbound

population."Bridgessaid.

Demographers（人口学家）expecttheshiftfromruraltourbantocontinue.Buttherearesomebright

spotsinruralAmericastill.JacksonCountynearAthenswasrecentlynamedoneofthefastest-growing

countiesinthenationbytheCensusBureau.Amazonopenedalargefulfillmentcenterthereacoupleof

yearsago.AndYoungHams,neartheGeorgia-NorthCarolinaborder,hasgrownbymorethan80%since

2010.

l.Whathappenedtothesmalltownsmentionedinparagraph1?

A.Theirsizesgrewrapidly.B.Theirpopulationdeclined.

C.Theydrewmoreresidents.D.Theyraisedchallengestolocals.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains'Yeversethetide"underlinedinparagraph4?

A.Peoplemovefromruraltourbanareas.

B.Smalltownsdrawpeoplefromcities.

C.Ruralareasdeveloptheireconomyquickly.

□.Populationcontinuetogrowinurbanareas.

3.WhyisDavidBridgesquoted?

A.Todrawaconclusion.B.Tooffermoreevidence.

C.Toshowhiscontribution.D.Togivepartofthereasons.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.JacksonCountyisthebesttownintheUS.

B.Ruraltownswillkeepgrowingtolargerones.

C.Otherswillfollowtheleadofthesebrightspots.

D.Therecanbemeasurestohelpruraltownsgrow.

3.Hardwareingeneral,andsmartphonesinparticular,havebecomeahugeenvironmentalandhealth

problemintheGlobalSouth'slandfillsiles（垃圾填埋场）.

Electronicwaste（e-waste）currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissettoincrease

rapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerbank.Theyendupinplaceslike

AgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana'scapital,Accra.Itisthebiggeste-wastedumpintheworld,where

10,000informalworkerswalkthroughtonsofabandonedgoodsaspartofaninformalrecyclingprocess.

Theyrisktheirhealthsearchingforthepreciousmetalsthatarefoundinabandonedsmartphones.

ButAgbogbloshieshouldnotexist.TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimstopreventdeveloped

nationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries.Thee-wasteindustry,however,

circumventstheregulationsbyexportinge-wastelabelledasMsecondhandgoodsntopoorcountrieslike

Ghana,knowingfullwellthatitisheadingforalandfillsite.

ArecentreportfoundAgbogbloshiecontainedsomeofthemostdangerouschemicals.Thisisnot

surprising:smartphonescontainchemicalslikemercury（水银）,leadandevenarsenic（碑）.Reportedly,one

eggfromafree-rangechickeninAgbogbloshiecontainedacertainchemicalwhichcancausecancerand

damagetheimmunesystematalevelthafsabout220timesgreaterthanalimitsetbytheEuropeanFood

SafetyAuthority（EFSA）.Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoil

andwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana'stopexportsarecocoaandnuts.

Somegovernmentshavestartedtotakeresponsibilityfbrtheirconsumers*waste.Forexample,

Germanyhasstartedaprojectthatincludesasustainable（可持续的）recyclingsystematAgbogbloshie,

alongwithahealthclinicforworkers.However,governmentscannotsolvetheproblemalone,asthereis

analmostlimitlessconsumerdemandfbrhardware,especiallywhengovernmentsgreenpoliciesare

focusedonissueslikeclimatechange.

Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomicallysustainableandpoliticallypossible

solutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingof

hardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.

l.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?

A.Electronicproductsneedimprovingurgently.

B.Electronicwasteistoocomplextogetfullyrecycled.

C.ElectronicwasterequiresmorelandfillsitesacrossGhana.

0.ElectronicpollutionisaburningquestioninAgbogbloshie.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"circumvents"inParagraph3mean?

A.Tightens.B.Abolishes.C.Getsaround.D.Bringsin.

3.Whatshouldbethebiggestconcernaccordingtothetext?

A.TheviolationofEFSA'sstandards.

B.ThelackofdiversityinGhana'sexports.

C.Thedamagetochicken*simmunesystem.

D.Thethreatofpollutedfoodaroundtheworld

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestsolutiontothee-wasteproblem?

A.Manufacturers*developingasustainablehardwareeconomy.

B.Governments1adjustingtheirgreenpoliciesaboute-waste.

C.Reducingcustomers'demandsforelectronicproducts.

D.Lettinggovernmentstakeonthemainresponsibility

4.Nooneknowswhoinventedthebutton.Ithasexistedasearlyas2000BC.Whenitfirststarted,itwas

justsomethingprettyyetreplaceablesewnontoyourclothes.About3,000yearslater,someonefinally

inventedthebuttonhole,andbuttonsweresuddenlyusefulandappliedtoclothesuniversally.

Beforebuttons,clotheswerebigger—theyhadnofixedshapes.Peoplefeltasiftheywrapped

themselvesinthings.Becauseofthebuttonhole,thefashionmovedclosertothebodyaswediscovered

usesforthebutton.Atonetime,ifstheverywaytomakeclothesfitwellforthebody.Peopleare

completelysecure.

Thepatternofabuttonhasn'tchangedmuchsincetheMiddleAges.Itsoneofthemostlasting

designsinhistory,becauseitactuallyworkstokeepourclothesshut.Zipperseasilybreakandarehardto

fix.Velcroisrackety,anditwearsoutafterawhile.However,ifabuttonbreaks,youjustexactlysew

anotheron.Andyourandoupyourbuttonswithoutdisturbingothers.

Abuttonisthereforthelongrun.Ifsnotjustthemostimportantdesignever,butit'sthoughttobea

decisivefactorinthedevelopmentandinnovationofclothes.Presentdesignofclothesshowsitsinfluence

obviously.Ifyou'rewearingatakealookatthepositionofbuttonsonit.Ifyou'reamale,thebuttons

wouldlikelybeontherightside,butforafemale,thebuttonsareusuallyfoundontheleft.

Oncethebuttonswereallontheright,andthetrendofbuttons-on-the-leftwassetbywealthywomen

oftheVictorianera.Theirclotheswerecomplex,consistingofcorsets,petticoats,buttonsandawiderange

ofbeautifulaccessories（酉己饰）.Therefore,theyneededassistancewhilegettingdressed.Keepthisinmind,

clothingmakersmadeinnovationanddesignedarticlesofclothingthatweresimpleforservantstobutton

up.Suchdesignsofclothingbecamemoreandmorepopularovertime,andeventuallybecamethestandard

stillbeingfollowedtothisday.

1.Whatcanbelearntaboutearlybuttonsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Theyappearedabitlaterthanbuttonholes.

B.Theyservedasanessentialpartoftheclothes.

C.Theirpopularitywasdrivenbybuttonholesgreatly.

D.Theywereinventedbysomeoneunknownaccidently.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordurackety"inparagraph3mean?

A.Decorative.B.Practical.C.Expensive.D.Noisy.

3.Whydidthedesignofbuttonsonwomen'sclotheschangeintheVictorianera?

A.Toinnovateolddesignsofclothes.

B.Tomakeiteasiertobuttonup.

C.Tobeautifytheclothesofwomen.

D.Tokeepthestandardwidelyfollowed.

4.Whichcanbethetitleofthetext?

A.Howbuttonschangedfashion

B.Whattherealroleofbuttonsis

C.Whybuttonswereinvented

D.Whenbuttonscameintosight

5.AtinyAlaskavillagehasexperiencedaboomintourisminrecentyear'saspolarbearsspendmoretime

onlandthanonArcticseaice.

Morethan2,000peoplevisitedthenorthernAlaskavillageofKaktovikin2018toseepolarbearsinthe

wild.Thefarnorthcommunityliesinanareawhereincreasinglyhighertemperaturehasspedupthe

movementofseaice,theprimaryhabitat（栖息地）ofpolarbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwater

beyondthecontinentalshelf,morebearsareremainingonlandtolookforfood.

PolarbearshavealwaysbeenacommonsightonseaicenearKaktovik,butvillagersstartednoticinga

changeinthemid-1990s.Morebearsseemedtostayonland,andresearchersbegantakingnoteofmore

femalebearsmakinghomesinthesnowonlandinsteadofontheicetoraisetheirbabies.U.S.Fishand

WildlifeServicebiologistsbeganhearingreportsoftheincreasingnumberofpolarbearsintheareainthe

early2000s.Asmoreattentionwasgiventotheplight（困境）ofpolarbearsaboutadecadeago,more

touristsstartedheadingtoKaktovik.

Thevillagehadfewerthan50visitorsannuallybefore2011,saidJenniferReed,oftheArcticNational

WildlifeRefuge.nTodaywe'retalkingabouthundredsandhundredsofvisitors,manyfromaroundthe

worldeachyear,"Reedsaid.Mosttouristsvisitinthefall,whenbearsareforcedtowardlandbecausesea

iceisfarthestawayfromtheshore.BruceInglangasak,alocalhunterwhosometimesoffers

wildlife-viewingtours,saidbeenofferingpolarbeartourssince2004.Mostofhisclients（客户）arefrom

ChinaandEurope,aswellasfromthelower48U.S.states.Manytouristsstayseveraldaysinthevillage,

whichhastwosmallhotels.Thevillagershavebenefitedalotfromthat.Inturn,theyprovidemore

effectiveprotectionforpolarhearswithfinancialsupportfromtourismdevelopment.

l.WhatcausesmorepolarbearstostayonlandinKaktovik?

A.Foodshortage.B.Climatechange.

C.Habitats,movementtoshore.D.Theirpreferenceforland.

2.Howdidcommonpeoplefeelaboutmoresightofbearsonland?

A.Excited.B.Puzzled.C.Concemed.D.Shocked.

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.HotelsinKaktovikareindemandinautumn.

B.Kaktovikhasabout50visitorsannually.

C.Inglangasakmakesalivingasatourguide.

D.Tourismaffectsthebalanceofnature.

4.Whichsayingcandescribethetext?

A.Thefittestcansurvive.B.Afterastormcomesacalm.

C.Thereisalwaysopportunityincrisis.D.Everycoinhastwosides.

6.NorwaysharesalongeasternborderwithSwedenandisborderedbyFinlandandRussiatothe

north-east,andtheSkagerrakStraittoihesouth——Denmarkontheothersideofthestrait.Ithasail

extensivecoastline,facingtheNorthAtlanticOceanandtheBarentsSea.

Forthelastfewyears,Norwayhasregisteredthehighestquality6flifeamongtheworldsnations.Itis

oneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld.Norwegianscanalsoexpecttogetagoodeducation,thejob

theywan!—unemploymentisonly4percentaccordingtorecentdataupdatedinJanuary,2019—enjoy

goodhealthandlivealonglife.Itsachievementtodayiscompletelyunexpectedformanypeople,

especiallyseniorcitizensthere.Just80yearsagoNorwegiansweremovingtotheUSAintheirthousands

insearchofabetterlife.Theriseinoilpricesinthe1970schangedallthat.Onaper-capita（人均的）basis,

Norwayistheworld'slargestproducerofoiloutsideoftheMiddleEast.

WhenyouarriveinOslo,thecapitalofNorway,forthefirstdon'texpecttobemetbyDubai-style

skyscrapers,androwsofFerrarisandPorsches.In2018,Norwaybecameoneofthefewcountrieswhere

over5inevery100passengercarsontheroadsisaplug-inelectricone.Norwegiansalsoworkhardand

arealwaysnearthetopinresearchonglobalworkerproductivityrates.Buiintoday'shigh-techworld

whereworkseemstofollowuswhereverwego,thepeopleofNorwayareredefining（重新定义）what

wealthmeans.Lawsjustrecentlypassedbythegovernmentattachgreatimportancetofamilyandtimeoff.

Also,thecountryissavingforthefuture.Everydollarearnedfromoilisputstraightintoitspensions

------worthbillionsofdollars.Atatimewhenmostotherwesterncountriesarewonderinghowtheywill

financethepensionsofagrowingretiredpopulation,Norwayissittingpretty.

1.WhereistheSkagerrakstrait?

A.NeartheBarentsSea.B.OntheeastofFinland.

C.NearthenorthofNorway.D.OnthenorthofDenmark.

2.WhatleadstoNorway'ssuccess?

A.Itshugereserveofoil.B.Itslowunemploymentrate.

C.Itsqualityeducation.D.Itspleasantnaturalenvironment.

3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutNorwayfromparagraph3?

A.Norwegiansareseekingmodernlife.

B.Itismodestaboutitswealth.

C.Itputsmuchfocusonthetraffic.

□.Norwegianstrytokeepawayfromhightechnology.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphconvey?

A.Norway'sfutureshouldbeconsidered.

B.Norwaywouldn'tliketomakechanges.

C.Norwayhasaccumulatedenoughpensions.

D.Norway*sretiredpopulationisdecreasing.

答案以及解析

1.答案:l.C;2.D;3.B;4.A

解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段modernhealthcareoffersmanyseparatepictures...rarelyauseful

unitedone可知，盲人摸象的例子是为了解释现代医疗检查很少能全面地提供患者的整体情况,因此具

有局限性。

2.代词指代题。前两段主要讲了现代医疗检查的片面性以及高昂的费用，而一项不同寻常的研究项目

AlzEye也许能改变这一切。

3.细节理解题。根据第三段Itisattemptingtousetheeye...healthofotherorgans.及第四段Withthe

information...signsofdiseasethrougheyescans可知,AlzEye的工作模式是通过眼部扫描来辨别一个人

的健康状况。

4.推理判断题。根据第五段列举的数据信息可知,Moorfields的项目较同类项目充分利用了更多现存的

数据。

2.答案：l.B;2.B;3.D;4.D

3.答案：l.D;2.C;3.D;4.A

解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段Electronicwastecurrentlytakesup5percent...andpowerbank.可知,

随着电子垃圾的快速增长,Agbogbloshie地区的电子污染是一个严峻的问题。

2.词义猜测题。根据划线处上下文内容可知，发达国家打着向发展中国家出口“二手物品”的幌子将电

子垃圾转移到发展中国家来避开巴塞尔公约的规定，可推知划线词的意思为“避开、绕开”。

3.细节理解题。根据第三段Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicals...exportsarecocoaandnuts.可

知，加纳大量对外出口可可和坚果，故全球范围内都会受到被污染食物的毒害。

4.细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，作者认为解决电子垃圾问题的关键在于硬件生产商，他们应该遵

守可持续发展的原则，生产便于维修、可回收利用的电子产品。

4.答案：l.C2.D3.B4.A

解析：LC【命题意图】考查细节理解。

【解题思路】由第——段的"someonefinallyinventedthebuttonhole,andbuttonsweresuddenlyusefuland

appliedtoclothesuniversally"可知，由于扣眼的出现，纽扣变得有实际作用并开始被普遍地用在服装

上。

2.D【命题意图】考查词义猜测。

【解题思路】根据画线词前后的"Zipperseasilybreakandtirehardtofix""However,ifabuttonbreaks,

youjustexactlysewanotheron"可知，此处是在对比纽扣与其他同作用的东西来说明它成为历史上最

久远的设计之一的原因；由下文的"Andyoucandoupyourbuttonswithoutdisturbingothers"可知，纽

扣与Velcro（尼龙搭扣）相比，扣纽扣不会打扰到他人，由此说明扣尼龙搭扣会发出噪音，故D项

"Noisy"可解释画线词。

3.B【命题意图】考查细节理解。

【解题思路】由最后一段的"Theirclotheswerecomplex,consistingofcorsets,petticoats,buttonsanda

widerangeofbeautifulaccessories（酉己饰）.Therefore,theyneededassistancewhilegettingdressed.Keep

thisinmind,clothing