新高中考试英语读后续写素材与练习-续写微技能与思维点拨

读后续写素材与练专题（1）续写微技能与思维点拨续写主要存在四个方面问题：对原文的理解不到位，续写文不对题；与段落开头语的衔接不合理，行文逻辑不清；情节安排不合理或无话可说；语言表达上，词汇低级且出现较多的语法错误，表达不准确。此外，目前的续写教学以讲评课、分析课居多，真正系统有效的语言输入很少。与概要写作一样，读后续写作为高考英语大作文，时间紧，任务重，考前一定要有足够的准备与积累。微技能一动作描写一、动作描写的原则1.要精准使用精准化动作类词汇对动作进行细致描写,用一系列小动作而不用大动作或者用含义比较明确的动词而不用抽象或虚化的动词来描述,可以使描写更加具体生动。试比较下面两句:①Thelittleboysaidsorrytohismother.②Thelittleboyhunghisheadandmumbledanapologytohismother.分析:①句中“saidsorryto”不带任何感情色彩,而②句中使用了具体化的表示“说”的动词mumbled,从而使一个不愿意道歉又不得不道歉的小男孩的形象栩栩如生地复现在读者脑海中。2.有过程记叙文中有不少动作描写是一连串动作过程的展示。尤其在展示人物个性的动作时,如果我们蜻蜓点水、一笔带过,就很难突出人物形象,也很难给人以深刻的印象,而通过细节描写展现出动作的过程,表现力便会大增。如:①Shewenttocatchthebutterfly.②Shecreptalongthepath,bentoverswiftlyandcuppedherhandsaroundthebutterflygently.分析:①句在描写主人公捕捉蝴蝶的动作时,没有细节的动作描写,因此显得很平淡。而②句运用了creep,bend,cup三个连贯的动词生动具体地描述了主人公小心翼翼捕捉蝴蝶的微妙过程,具有极强的画面感。因此,在续写过程中,在必要的地方恰当使用一连串的动词来表示过程,能为文章增添不少色彩。3.用修辞除了在动词上做调整,还可以利用恰当的修辞手法来帮助描写动作。比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞手法都能让动作描写变得更有表现力。(1)比喻①Theoldman’sfacewrinkled.②Theoldman’sfacewaslikeawitheredapple.(2)拟人①Mystomachwasachingfornoteatingontime.②Mystomachwaspunishingmefornoteatingontime.(3)夸张①Whensheheardthebadnews,shecried.②Whensheheardthebadnews,ariveroftearspouredout.分析:上面每组中的②句分别使用了比喻、拟人、夸张的修辞手法,使得动作的描述更加生动形象,更加吸引眼球。二、动作描写的素材1.与“看、听、说”相关的词块①listenimpatiently不耐烦地听②glareangrilyatsb.对某人怒目而视③glancearound/roundtheroom扫视房间④stareat凝视⑤takealookat看⑥overhearafunnyconversation无意间听到一段好笑的谈话⑦remark评论说⑧add补充说2.与“跑、跳、行走”等相关的词块①walkacrossastreet步行穿过马路②walkarminarm臂挽着臂走③pacebackandforth来回踱步④jumptoone’sfeet一跃而起⑤walkgracefully步态优美地走⑥rushoutoftheroom冲出房间【迁移应用一】TheGreatGiftsOnce,agroupofschoolchildrenwereonanouting.Almostallofthemwereplayingball,exceptMonty,whowasseenasabitofafool—onlygoodforpokingfunat.Hedidn’tlikefights,orsports.Hewouldn’tevendefendhimselfwhentheystartedhittinghim!Hewassostrange.Butheplayedfootballwiththeothersandkickedtheballthatday.Itendedupoverinalittlecave.Whentheywentintogettheball,theyfoundawoodenchestcontaininganamazingbook.Thebookwasgivingoffamagicalshine.Thechildrenrantogivethebooktotheteacher,whowasfascinatedbyit.Theyallagreedtoreaditinclassinthecomingdays.

ThebookwascalledTheGreatGifts,anditrecountedwonderfultalesaboutgreatinventors,artists,wisewriters,explorers,andtreasurehunters.Witheachstorythechildrenbecamemorewide-eyed,andtheywereenchantedbyallthosecharacterswithspecialgifts.Theyfinallyreachedthelastpageofthebook,whichspokeabouttheoriginofthosegreatfigures.Theteacherread:“There’saplaceinheavencalledthefountainofhearts,where,priortobirth,eachheartisassigneditsspecialgifts.Theyusealittlebitofeverythingtomakenormalpeople.But,nowandagain,somethinggoeswrong,andsomeheartsendupmuchemptierthannormal.Inthosecases,theheartsfillupwithalastgiftwhichmakesthepersonexceptional.Theycanlackmanyotherqualities;inmanywaystheywillbedifferentfromeveryoneelse,andtheymaywellbeseenasstrangechildren.However,whentheirspecialgiftisdiscovered,theirachievementswillbecomepartofbookslikethisone.”Paragraph1:Whentheteacherclosedthebook,therewasalongsilenceintheclassroom.

Paragraph2:Wasn’theexactlyoneofthespecialcases,asthebookhaddescribed?

Whentheteacherclosedthebook,therewasalongsilenceintheclassroom.Whilethechildrenwereallthinkingabouttheirowngifts,Montycameoutwithoneofhisstrangecomments,“Ifyougetahearttransplant,andtheygiveyouapig’sheart,willyoutakeonapig’squalities?”HearingwhatMontysaid,everyonewantedtoburstoutlaughing,butlookingatMonty,theybegantofallintothinking.

Wasn’theexactlyoneofthespecialcases,asthebookhaddescribed?MaybeitwasrightthatMontywasthedefinitecaseofthiskind.Alloftheclassmatesfeltverysorryforeverytimetheyhadalwayslaughedathim.Fromthatdayon,theyallworkedtogethertotrytohelpMontytodiscoverhisspecialgiftinart.Severalyearslater,MontybecameafamousartistjustasthebookTheGreatGiftsshowed.

微技能二心理描写心理描写的原则1.落实“细微处”描写在描写人物心理活动时,一定要突出细节,所有的感情都体现在“细微处”,所以尽量不用笼统的词,如smile,cry等,而用相关的细节性词汇或词组,例如:①Lilysmiledhappily.②Lilyworeashiningsmileonherface.分析:①句中“smile”是一个笼统的描述微笑的词汇,而②句中使用了woreashiningsmile,用词组的形式更加突出细节,展示了细微和精致的“微笑”。2.体现“多样性”结构在进行人物心理描写时,尽量避免平铺直叙,可以多采用如非谓语动词的形式,作为谓语动作的伴随状态,从而使得描写到位,并体现语法结构的多样性。如:①Hereyeswerefilledwithtears,andsheofferedhersincerethankstotheman.②Tearsfillinghereyes,sheofferedhersincerethankstotheman.分析:①句在描写心理活动“哭泣”时,用到了Hereyeswerefilledwithtears。而②句则把这句改成了独立主格结构,运用了Tearsfillinghereyes,更显得描写的细致,同时也体现了句式的多样化,展示了高超的语言运用能力。3.展示“丰富化”修辞除了选择细致的心理描写词汇和多样化的句式表达外,提升语言层次的另外一种方式是多使用修辞方法,例如:①Thesmileonherfaceshonelikeadiamond.②IfeellikeIamfloatinginanoceanofsadness.分析:①句中,把“微笑”比喻成“像钻石一样闪闪发光”;而②句中,把“悲伤”比喻成“漂浮在悲伤的海洋里”,展示了用修辞来体现细节描写的丰富。二、心理描写的素材1.与“喜悦和满意”相关的词块abright/shiningsmile灿烂的微笑amixtureofexcitementandhappiness既兴奋又开心burstintolaughter/burstoutlaughing突然大笑起来bewildwithjoy/delight欣喜若狂bejoyfulabout/at/over对……很高兴beinhighspirits情绪高涨bepleasedbeyonddescription快乐难以言表lightup喜逐颜开becontent/satisfiedwith对……满意bedelightedat对……很高兴withpleasure非常乐意2.与“悲伤和烦恼”相关的词块besadatheart心里悲伤bedowninspirits情绪低落anoceanofsadness悲伤的海洋burstintotears/burstoutcrying大哭起来sob啜泣becloudedwithgrief阴沉的悲伤beinlowspirits情绪低落fallintodespair陷入绝望feeldepressed/discouraged感到沮丧/泄气haveaworriedlook愁眉苦脸3.与“生气和怨怒”相关的词块beveryangryat对……很生气feelangry/annoyed感到恼怒/生气beseizedbyanger充满愤怒befumingwithrage大发雷霆tremblewithanger愤怒得颤抖alookofburninganger愤怒的一眼glareatsb.怒视flareup勃然大怒beinarage一怒之下bemadat对……生气【迁移应用二】Oneday,mybrotherandIwerealoneinourapartment.Thereasonwasthatmyparentshadbothgoneforaballpartyandhadleftmeinchargeofeverything.IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyyoungerbrotherwaswatchingTV.Allofasudden,thedoorbellrang.Ding-dong!Ding-dong!MyyoungerbrotherhadrushedtothedoorbeforeIdecidedtoanswerthedoor.Weboththoughtthatourparentshadcomehome.Asaresult,heunlockedthedoorandopenedit.Outsideofthehousestoodamanwhoworeablackraincoatandblackrubberboots.Helookednodifferentfromotherpeopleandhesaidthathewasasalesmanandaskedpolitelyifourmotherorfatherwasathomesohecouldtalkwiththem.Withoutanythinking,mybrothersaid,“No.”Heaskedifwewouldliketobuysomecomicbooks,whichhewasselling.Iquicklyexplainedtohimthatwewerenotsupposedtobuyanythingwithoutourparents’permission.However,itseemedthathewasnotwillingtofollowmyadviceandhehadanintentiontoenterourhouse.Then,Irealizedsomethingterriblewouldhappen.AsIwasabouttoclosethedoor,heforcedhiswayintoourhouse.Hetookoutaknifeandforcedmetotieupmybrother’shandswithsomeropewhichhetookoutfromhispocket.ItieduphishandsbutItiedinaspecialwaysomybrothercoulduntiehimselfasweoftendid.Themanthentiedmyhandsupandlockedbothofusinthekitchen.Soon,hewentupstairstosearchthebedroomforsomethingvaluable.Imanagedtoteachmybrothertountietheropeonhishands.Hethenuntiedme.Irushedtothetelephonetocallthepolice,butthelinewasdead.Paragraph1:Thedoorswerealllockedfromtheoutsideandwhat’sworse,Ididnothavethekeys.Paragraph2:Justatthesametimeourparentscamebackhome.范文欣赏Thedoorswerealllockedfromtheoutsideandwhat’sworse,Ididnothavethekeys.Butluckily,themanforgottolockthekitchenwindow.BothmybrotherandImanagedtogetoutofthehousethroughthewindowwithjoyandwerantothenearbypolicestation,nervouslybuthappily,whereweaskedthemforhelp.Thepolicebravelyarrivedatourhouseassoonaspossible.Andasaresult,themanwascaught,whichmadeusveryhappy.Justatthesametimeourparentscamebackhome.Thepoliceaskedmyfamilytogotothepolicestation.Itwasattherethepolicetoldusthatthemanwasawantedrobberpretendingtosellcomicbooksandtheyhadbeenlookingforhimforalongtime.Thepolicepraisedmybrotherandmeforourbraveness.Backhome,Itoldmyparentsthewholestoryabouttherobberywithamixtureofexcitementandhappiness.Theywerethankfulthatwewerenothurtbuttheyscoldedmefornotstoppingmybrotherfromopeningthedoortostrangers.Ilearnedalessononsafetyandresponsibility.微技能三修辞描写ExamplesofMetaphorExample1Allreligions,arts,andsciencesarebranchesofthesametree.(AlbertEinstein)Clearly,Einsteinwasn’ttalkingaboutaliteraltree.Buthe’sshowingacloserelationshipbetweendifferenttopicsbysuggestingthatthey’reallpartofthesamelivingthing.Healsobasicallyraisesaninterestingquestion–ifart,religion,andscienceareallbranches,whatshouldwecallthetree’strunk?很明显，爱因斯坦说的不是字面意义上的树。但他通过暗示不同的主题都是同一生物的一部分，展示了它们之间的密切关系。他还提出了一个有趣的问题——如果艺术、宗教和科学都是分支的话，我们该怎么称呼树的树干呢?Example2Thatfootballplayerisreallyputtingtheteamonhisbackthisevening!Footballcommentatorsusethisphraseallthetimewhenanentireteamappearstobedependingonitsrunningback.Theimageofasinglemanrunninghardwithawholefootballteamonhisbackisanexpressionofhardworkanddedication.当整个球队似乎都依赖于它的跑动时，足球评论员总是使用这个短语。一个人背着整个足球队拼命奔跑的形象是努力工作和献身精神的表现。Example3Shewasarockstaratourlastbusinesspresentation.Thisisprobablynotreferringtoaliteralrockstarfallingfromspaceortheothercommonmetaphor:amusicianperformingatarockconcert.Instead,itsimplymeansthepersondeliveredagreatperformanceatthemeetingandstoodoutlikearockstaronthestage.这可能不是指字面意义上的摇滚明星从天而降，也不是其他常见的比喻:音乐家在摇滚音乐会上表演。相反，它只是意味着这个人在会议上表现出色，像舞台上的摇滚明星一样引人注目微技能四外部冲突1)角色之间的冲突(人物观点差异，竞争需要等)如：(201711浙江高考)Onthefourthorfifthnight,wehadtroublefindingahotelwithavacancy.Afterdrivinginvainforsometime,Momsuddenlygotagreatidea:Whydidn'twefindahousewithalikely-lookingbackyardandaskifwecouldsetuptentthere?DavidandIbecamenervous.开车找旅馆徒劳无功母亲建议搭帐篷在他人后院David和我倍感紧张，心有不悦(母子的观点不一)2)角色与环境之间的冲突如：(201706浙江高考)ThenMacheardquickandloudbreathingbehindhim.……hesawinstantlythatitwasn'tadogatall,butawolf:quicklycatchingupwithhim.Mac'sheartjumped.……,hefiredthesprayatthewolf.Abrightredcloudenvelopedtheanimal,andtoMac'srelief,itfellback,shakingitshead.Butaminutelater,…….Thenit……,tearingopenhistentbag.Hefiredatthewolfasecondtime,andagain,itfellback……Mac骑车独自行，路遇饿狼，与之搏斗，险象环生。(人--角色与狼--