江苏专版2023-2024学年新教材高中英语Unit1Lightscameraaction!素养培优练一牛津译林版必修第二册

素养培优练（一）Ⅰ.阅读理解AJoeClarkwasanon-traditionalhighschoolprincipal,whoseunusualwayofcarryingoutrulesbecamethesubjectofa1989Hollywoodmovie.HegainednationalattentionforhisleadershipatEastsideHighSchoolinPaterson,NewJersey.“Youarenotinferior.”iswhatClarkwouldoftentellhisstudents,manyofwhomwereAfricanAmericanorLatino.Theygrewupinadifficultenvironmentandfacedviolence,drugsandtroubledfamilylifewhichcouldpreventthemfromsucceedinginschoolandinlife.Beforebecominganeducator,ClarkservedintheU.S.AmyReserve.Hisexperiencemighthaveinfluencedhowheranhisschool.Hewasknowntowalkaroundwithabullhornandabaseballbat.InClark'sfirstdaysofworking,heexpelled300studentsforbreakingschoolrules.Thestudentswhoremainedatschoolbelievedthathigherexpectationswerebeingplacedonthem.Theyfeltmorepressuretoperformbetter.Somepraisedhiseffortsatdisciplinewhileotherscriticizedhismethods.PresidentRonaldReaganofferedClarkaWhiteHousepolicyadviserpositionafterhissuccessatthehighschool.In1988,oneteacher,saidhismethodsweremorelikebeinginalaborcampthanapublichighschool.In1989,actorMorganFreemanplayedClarkinthemovieLeanonMe.ThatmoviewasbasedonClark'sexperiencesatEastside.“Joewasafatherfiguretoschoolkids,”Freemansaid.“Hewasthebestofthebestintermsofeducation.”Recently,oneofJoeClark'sformerstudents,ThomasMcEntyresaid,“Ineverreallygotachanceto...thankhim.Weareyourproduct.Youdidnotfailus.Nomatterwhetheryoukickedmeout,youdidnotfailme.Youbetteredme.”AfterheretiredfromEastsidein1989,Clarkwroteabookcalled“LayingDowntheLaw:JoeClark'sStrategyforSavingOurSchools.”HedescribedhowhemanagedtoturnEastsideHighfromafailingschoolintoasuccess.1.WhatdidJoeClarkmeanbysaying“Youarenotinferior”tohisstudents?A.Tomakethestudentsfacethereality.B.Toleadthestudentstoacceptthemselves.C.Topressthestudentsnottomakemistakes.D.Toencouragethestudentstobetterthemselves.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“expelled”inParagraph3mean?A.Drewout. B.Kickedout. C.Broughtout. D.Smoothedout.3.WhocriticizedJoeClark?A.Thepresident. B.Oneteacher.C.MorganFreeman. D.ThomasMcEntyre.4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJoeClark?A.Toughandunique. B.Demandingandhumorous.C.Kindandconsiderate. D.Well-meaningandprofessional.BFromclassicbookslikeAWrinkleinTimetoclassicmovieslikeBacktotheFuture,childrenandadultsbothhavebeenfascinatedbytheconceptoftimetravelforhundredsofyears.Butisitevenpossible?Timetravelsoundssimple:youjustmovebackandforthbetweendifferentpointsintimelikeyouwouldbetweendifferentpointsinspace.Youcouldjumpforwardintothefuture,oryoucanjumpbacktosometimeinthepast.Exactlyhowwouldthisbedone?Mostartisticworksthatfeaturetimetravelfinishitwiththehelpofaspecialdeviceusuallycalledatimemachine.Thetimemachinefeatureswhatevertechnologyhasbeendevelopedtotransportpeoplesuccessfullytootherpointsintime.Butcouldtimetravelreallyhappen?SomescientistsbelievethatpartsofAlbertEinstein'stheoriesofspecialandgeneralrelativitymightallowforthepossibilityoftimetravel.Thesetheoriesarecomplexandveryhardtounderstand.Theyinvolveunusualastronomicalthingslikeblackholesandwormholes.Travelingfasterthanthespeedoflightmightalsoberequired.Itcanbefun,though,tothinkaboutwhatproblemsmightbepresentedbytimetravel.Itmaycreateanabsurdsituation.Forexample,let'ssaythatyoutravelbackintimetothedayyourparentsmet.Whatifyourshowinguponthedayyourparentsmetcausedaripple（连锁反应）intimethatledtothemnotmeeting?Iftheyhadnevermet,youwouldneverhavebeenborn.Ifyouhadneverbeenborn,howcouldyoueverexisttotravelbackintimetocausetheproblemyoujustcaused?Thoughitmaysoundconfusing,wehopethatanyscientistwhoevermanagestomaketimetravelpossibleworksouttheseproblemsinadvance.5.WhatkindoffilmisBacktotheFuturemostlikelytobe?A.Anactionfilm. B.Asciencefictionfilm.C.Ahistoricalfilm. D.Aromanticfilm.6.WhatdoestheauthormainlydoinParagraph2?A.Addatopic. B.Giveanexample.C.Explainaconcept. D.Makeaconclusion.7.Whatissomescientists'judgmentonthepossibilityoftimetravelbasedon?A.Previoussimilarcases. B.Detailedscientificreport.C.Somescientifictheories. D.Advancedspacetechnology.8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftimetravel?A.Itwillcertainlycometrueoneday.B.Itisapossibleandabsurdidea.C.Itwillchangesomehistoricalevents.D.Itmaycauseconfusionwithtimeandspace.Ⅱ.七选五WhyOlderPeopleShrinkWhenwesayolderpeopleshrink,wedon'tmeantheybecometinyenoughtofitinyourpocket.Wejustmeanthatit'scommonforolderpeopletobecomealittleshorterovertime.1Ittakesplaceoveryearsandmayadduptoonlyaninchorsooffoftheiradultheight.Thiskindofshrinkingcan'tbereversed（逆转）,althoughpeoplecansloworstopthisprocess.Butwhydoesshrinkinghappenonearth?Onereasonwhysomeolderpeopleshrinkisbecauseofosteoporosis（骨质疏松）.Osteoporosisoccurswhentheboneisbrokendownandnotenoughnewbonematerialismade.2Bonesbecomesmallerandweakerandcaneasilybreakifsomeonewithosteoporosisisinjured.Doyouwanttodosomethingrightnowtobuildstrongbones?Takethesetwosteps.They'resmartideasforkidsandadults.3Foodsrichintheimportantbone-buildingmineralcalcium（钙）—includingmilk,tofu,cheese,greenleafyvegetablesanddrinksthatarefortifiedwithcalciumlikesomekindsoforangejuice—aregoodchoices.Exerciseregularly.4Doyouknowthateverydayyoushrinkalittle,too?Youaren'tastallattheendofthedayasyouareatthebeginning.That'sbecauseasthedaygoeson,waterinthedisksofthespinegetscompressed（被压缩）duetogravity（重力）,makingyoujustatinybitshorter.5Onceyougetagoodnight'srest,yourbodyrecovers,andthenextmorning,you'restandingtallagain!A.Don'tworry,though.B.Eatawell-balanceddiet.C.Itisn'tdramaticorsudden.D.Smokingmakestheproblemworse.E.Doingso,overtime,helpsbonesstaystrong.F.Peopleshouldbemorecarefulastheyaregettingolder.G.Overtime,theboneissaidtobelostbecauseit'snotbeingreplaced.Ⅲ.完形填空ThemiddleofMayisoneofmyfavoritetimesoftheyearhereinthemountains.Thetreesareallfulloflightgreenleaves.The1soundofbirdsongsmixestogetherwiththelaughterofchildrenplayingoutside.Thereisone2partaboutit,however.TherecomesapointwhereIhavetomow（修剪）myyardand3mybuttercups.IalwaysmowaroundthelittleyellowflowersthefirstfewtimesIcutmygrass,but4,theygetafoothighandIhavetomowthemtoo.IapologizetothemwhenImowthemdown,butIam5toseethateachSpringthereareevenmoreofthem.It6withjustafewbuttercupsinmyyardhereandtherebutnowtheentirefrontpartofitis7withthem.Eachyeartheir8scatter（四散）andtheymultiply（大量繁殖）moreandmore,makingthenextSpringmore9thanthelast.Ourlivesarealotlikethese10aswell.Ioftenencouragepeopletofreely11theirlovetotheworld,butthe12isthatitisn'tjustaddition.Itismultiplication（倍增）.Eachsmileyousharebringsoutthe13ofothers.Ourlivesarelikebuttercupsscatteringseedsof14andbeautyandmakingthisworlda15place.1.A.annoying B.loud C.sharp D.sweet2.A.important B.happy C.sad D.strange3.A.pickup B.bringup C.carryaway D.cutdown4.A.moreorless B.atsomepoint C.asusual D.atatime5.A.disappointed B.confused C.encouraged D.eager6.A.happened B.started C.developed D.showed7.A.supplied B.equipped C.caught D.filled8.A.seeds B.leaves C.soils D.insects9.A.beautiful B.peaceful C.different D.crowded10.A.flowers B.trees C.people D.fruits11.A.introduce B.lend C.add D.return12.A.problem B.purpose C.challenge D.truth13.A.doubts B.smiles C.dreams D.hugs14.A.luck B.patience C.love D.wisdom15.A.better B.simpler C.safer D.cleanerⅣ.语法填空BeijingOperahas1.historyofover200years.Inthe55thyearofthereignofEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty,fourbigoperagroups2.AnhuiProvinceenteredthecapital,joiningotheroperastogether3.（create）whatwenowknowasBeijingOpera.Overaperiodofmorethanhalfacenturyofcombinationofdifferentkindsofoperasthere4.（appear）presentBeijingOpera.ItisthemostimportantofalltraditionalChineseoperas,andithasarich5.（collect）ofworksandalargenumberoffamousartists6.giveitagreatinfluenceinChina.Thetraditionalplayssharealargerolein7.（protect）Chineseculturefornewgenerations.SinceMeiLanfang,thegreatmasterofBeijingOpera,visitedJapanin1919,BeijingOpera8.（become）moreandmorepopularwithpeopleallovertheworld.Ithasmadeanexcellentcontributiontothe9.（culture）exchangebetweenChinaandtheWest.Nowadays,youcan10.（frequent）findtravellinggroupsofBeijingOperaperformersinmanyforeigncitiesandlocalChinatowns.素养培优练（一）Ⅰ.阅读理解1.D[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段可推知，通过说“你并不比其他的学生差”，JoeClark鼓励学生提高自己。2.B[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词后breakingschoolrules可知，这300名学生违反校规，应是受到了某种惩罚。结合下文中Thestudentswhoremainedatschool可推知，那300名学生应该是被开除了。3.B[解析]细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In1988,oneteacher,saidhismethodsweremorelikebeinginalaborcampthanapublichighschool.”可知，一位老师批评了JoeClark。4.A[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中“...unusualwayofcarryingoutrules...”以及第三段中“...heexpelled300studentsforbreakingschoolrules...”可推知，JoeClark强硬且独特。【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一位非传统的高中校长JoeClark是如何教育学生的，以及他的教育特点。5.B[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段可知，无论是书籍《时间的皱纹》，还是电影《回到未来》内容都与时间旅行有关，这一类的书籍或者电影属于科幻类。6.C[解析]主旨大意题。根据第二段可知，本段是对时间旅行这个概念的解释。7.C[解析]细节理解题。根据第四段可知，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的狭义相对论和广义相对论为时间旅行提供了理论支持。故选C项。8.D[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段“...maycreateanabsurdsituation.Forexample...howcouldyoueverexisttotravelbackintimetocausetheproblemyoujustcaused...”可推知，作者认为时间旅行可能会造成时间和空间的混乱。故选D项。【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了时光穿越，并探讨了这种概念的可能性和本身存在的问题，并期待着时间穿越本身的问题能得到解决。Ⅱ.七选五1.C[解析]下文提到老年人变矮是一个缓慢的过程，需要几年的时间。因此，C项（它不是急剧或突然发生的）与下文语意一致。2.G[解析]上下文讲的都是人体的骨骼发生的变化，因此G项（随着时间的推移，由于没有更新补充，骨量会流失）符合语境。3.B[解析]根据下文可知，该段讲的是通过合理饮食来令骨骼更强壮的方法。因此，B项符合题意。4