北京市昌平区2022年高二《英语》下学期期末试题与参考答案

北京市昌平区2022年高二《英语》下学期期末试题与参考答案第一部分：知识运用第一节：完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。JonathanBauerisafraidofheights,butthatdidn'tstophimfromjumpingoffa____1____tosavealittlegirl'slife.OnMay2,BauerandhisteenagedaughterAvawere____2____inaseriousfive-carcrashonthebridgeoverMarylandBay.AftermakingsureAvawasokay,Bauergotoutofhiscartoseeifanyoneneeded____3____.Hesawagirlstrugglinginthewater,herarmsmoving,legs____4____.Searchingthewaterfornearbyboatsthatmightbeabletohelp,Bauerfoundnonecloseby.Heyelledtohisdaughtertobringthefirstfirefighterordoctorshesaw.Thenhe____5____tookoffhisshoesanddidn't____6____tojumpoff.Heswamtothegirl,liftedheroverhisshoulderandpattedherbackuntilshestartedtocough.Momentslater,doctorsarrived.AfterpullingBauerandthegirltosafety,they____7____thepairtohospital.Whenthegirlgotpropertreatment,Bauerquietlywalkedawaywithoutaskingfor____8____forhisbraveactions.Evenafterthereportoftheincidentwent____9____,hestilltriedtokeepquiet,preferringtoremainanunknownSamaritan(好心人).Jonathanistrulya(n)____10____heroandthat'swhatmakesthisevenmorespecialthanitalreadywas.1.A.car B.boat C.bridge D.bus2.A.saved B.stuck C.examined D.recognized3.A.recovery B.understanding C.attention D.help4.A.kicking B.lifting C.stretching D.crossing5.A.slowly B.simply C.gradually D.carefully6.A.hesitate B.manage C.intend D.regret7.A.directed B.followed C.forced D.rushed8.A.permission B.preparation C.appreciation D.suggestion9.A.wrong B.public C.rare D.special10.A.energetic B.honest C.humble D.cautious第二节：语法填空[1]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。BorninPakistanin1997,Malalalivedaquietlifeuntil2009,whenaterroristgroup____11____(take)controlofhervillage.Theydidn'tallowgirls____12____(go)toschool,butMalaladidn'tagree.Shewouldn'tgiveupher____13____(educate)andstartedtowriteablogagainstthegroup.Shealsospokepubliclyaboutchildren'srights.In2014,MalalawontheNobelPeacePrize____14____theageof17forherbraveryandstrugglesforchildren'srights.[2]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Naturehasitsownwaytoforecasttheweather.Unusualanimalbehavior,forexample,canindicatewhetherit'scoldweatheronthewayorahotperiod.Iffisharejumping____15____(high)thanusual,itmayrain.Itisalsosaid____16____dogsavoidingthebeachmaybeasignthatatsunamiisapproaching.Ofcourse,____17____thesethingsmaysuggestsomethingbadisgoingtohappen,theywon'ttelluswhenandwhere.So,forreliablepredictions,it'sbesttocheckanofficial,scientificreport.[3]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ProfessorMayer,recognizedasaleadingexpertinthestudyofpeople'sEQs,recentlyannouncedtheresultsofastudyonseniorsecondaryschoolstudents.Whenstudentswereintroducedtothose____18____haddisabilities,theyfoundthat,afterwards,thenon-disabledstudentsweremorewillingtohelppeoplewithdifficulties.____19____(compare)tostudentswhohadnotbeeninthestudy,theyalsoshowedabetterunderstandingofthedisabledstudents’feelings.Therewasalsoanobviouschangeinthedisabledstudents’attitudes.They____20____(become)morepositiveaboutlifeandmorewillingtotrynewthings.第二部分：阅读理解[A]Anelectrictoothbrushmayhaveoncebeenquitetheinvestment,butthat'snolongerthecase.Thesegadgetscandowondersforyouroralhealthandaremoreaffordablethanever--especiallyduringthisearlyBlackFridaysale.Usingthecouponcodeweprovide,youcanknockanextra15%offthesalepriceofeveryitematleaseonthislisttogetadentist-qualitytoothbrushforabargain.PlatinumSonicToothbrushandUVSanitizingChargingBaseIfyoudon'tplanonbringingyourbrushontripsveryoften,choosethisversionthatcomeswithaUVsanitizingchargingbaseinstead.At40,000strokesperminute,youcanachievenext-levelcleanwiththePlatinumSonicwhichcomeswithtwobrushheadsandfeaturesthreebrushingmodes,AddthecodeSAVE15NOVatcheckouttodropthepricedowntojust$42.49(regularly$259).AquaSonicBrushMonstersARToothbrushYourkidswillactuallyhavefunbrushingtheirteethwiththisAquaSonicBrushMonstersARToothbrush.It'sthefirsttoothbrushtocombinerealitythroughaneasy-to-useeducationalapp.Bybrushingdaily,yourkidswillsavethe"MonsterFamily"fromthebadGreenMold.Getitfor$22.94(regularly$299)withthecouponcodeSAVE15NOV.IONPADH：HomeIONPowerElectricToothbrushTheIONPADHElectricToothbrush'sadvancedtechnologybreaksthebondbetweenyousalivaandplaque,makingiteasiertobrushaway.Itfeatures26.000brushstrokesperminute,andasmarttimerforbetterbrushhabits.Getitfor$39.94(regularly$59)withthecodeSAVE15NOV.IONPADM：PortableIonicElectricToothbrushIfyou'relookingforsomethingportableandeasytocarry,youcan'tgowrongwiththeIONPADMToothbrush.Despiteitssmallsize,itstillfeatures22,000strokesperminute.UsingthecouponcodeSAVE15NOV,youcangetitfor$28.04(regularly$39).21.PlatinumSonicToothbrushisspecialforits_________.A.smallsizeB.smarttimerC.educationalapp D.threebrushingmodes22.Peoplegoingfortravelingveryoftenaremorelikelytochoosethe_______toothbrush.A.PlatinumSonic B.IONPADMC.AquaSonic D.IONPADH23.Thepurposeofthispassageisto_________.A.shareatechnology B.promotetheproductsC.comparethebrushes D.introduceacouponcode[B]BlakeMycoskieisabusinessman.Hesetuphisfirstbusinesswhenhewasstillatcollege.Threemorebusinesseslater,stillonly29yearsoldandfeelingalittleburnedoutfromwork,Mycoskiedecidedtotakeabreakforawhile,andheadeddowntoArgentinaforsomerestandrelaxation.Butrestisn'treallypartofabusinessman'smake-up,anditwasn'tlongbeforeMycoskiehadhitonanotheridea,onethatwouldcometodefinehimasperhapstheworld'sbest-knownsocialbusinessman.Onavisittoavillage,hewasshockedtoseethatmanyofthechildrendidn'thaveanyshoes?oriftheydid,theshoeswerebadlyworn.Sinceshoes-particularlythelocalfarmerscanvas(帆布)shoe,thealpargata—arerelativelycheapinArgentina,Mycoskie'sfirstideawastosetupacharitytodonateshoestothechildren.Butaftergivingitsomethought,herealizedthatthisprobablywouldn'twork：theshoeswouldquicklywearout,andifheaskedpeopletodonaterepeatedlyeverytimemoreshoeswereneeded,theirsympathyforthecausemightalsosoonwearout.SohecameupwiththeideaofTOMS：OneforOneshoes.HewouldtakethealpargatatoAmerica,produceit,andsellitasahigh-endfashionitemataround$50apair.Quitealotforacanvasshoeyoumightsay,butforeachpairhesold,anotherpairwouldbedonatedtovillagechildren.Thatwayhecouldguaranteeacontinuingsupplyandalsoruntheprojectasabusinessratherthanasacharity.Hisplanwascarriedoutandsoonhisproductwasgettinghighsatisfactionratingsfromcustomers.Tenyearsonandwithrevenuesof$392millionayear,thebusinessisdeveloping,supplyingshoesnotonlytochildreninArgentinabutalsootherpartsoftheworld.Butistheone-for-onemodelrepeatablewithotherproducts?TOMSisafor-profitbusinessbutforalongtimeitdidn'tshowaprofit.Nowheisconsciousthat"giving"aloneisnottheanswer,andthateducatingpeopletoimprovetheirownlivesistherealkey.YethestilllovesTOMS：OneforOne,callingithis"greatesthit."Andwhyshouldn'the?Ithasmadeadifferencetomillionsofpoorchildrenaroundtheworldandbroughthimgreatsatisfaction.24.BlakeMycoskiewenttoArgentinajustto________.A.takeashortbreak B.doavoluntaryworkC.meetthelocalpeople D.setupanewbusiness25.Mycoskiehelpedthelocalchildrenby________.A.callingonpeopletodonateB.designinganewtypeofshoesC.runningaOneforOneshoesprojectD.replacingtheworn-outshoeswithnewones26.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordscanbestdescribeMycoskie?A.Braveandgenerous. B.CreativeandcaringC.Talentedandoutgoing. D.Independentandcalm.[C]Preparingforajobinterviewcanbestressful：whatdoyouwear?Whatquestionswilltheyaskyou?Nottomentionthat,nomatterhowmuchyouprepare,yourinterviewer’sfirstimpressionofyoucouldbetarnishedthemomentyousayasingleword.Surprisingly,thewordisnot“like”or“honestly”(thoughyoushouldprobablybecarefulaboutthose,too).Thewordis“actually.”Usedproperly,theword“actually”representsacontradiction.Forinstance,takethefamousmovieline“loveactuallyisallaround”：thespeakeriscontradictingthosewhothinkthatit’snot.Itcanalsobeusedtojustifysomething：“Thatmoviewasawful,huh?”“Actually,Ireallylikedit.”Youmaywonderwhatharmacommonlyusedwordlikethatcouldpossiblydo.However,weoftendon’tuseitthatway.Whenusedacertainway,saying“actually”caninstantlymakeyouseemlessreliable.Dictionary.comsaysthatweuseitasa“crutchword,”aword“thatweslipintosentencesinordertogiveourselvesmoretimetothink.”Sinceusingitthiswayaddsemphasisratherthanmeaning,itautomaticallysuggeststhatwhateveryou’resayingcan’tstandonitsown.SouthernLivingclaimsthatthewordmakeslisteners“subconsciously...questionifthere’smoreunspokeninformation.”Takethisexample：imagineyou’reinajobinterview,andyourinterviewerasks,“Whatwasyourlastfull-timejob?”Youreply,“IactuallyworkedatReader’sDigest.”Theworddoesn’tcontradictorjustifyanythinginthequestion,sothere’snoreasonforyoutosayitatall.Andit’snotjustjobinterviews：SouthernLivingsuggeststhatyoustayawayfromthiswordcompletely.Ifyou’renotusingittoactivelycontradictsomething,andit’sjustaddingmeaninglessstufftoyoursentence,avoidit.Nolongerrelyingona“crutchword”,yourstatementwillhavemoreattraction.27.Theunderlinedword“tarnished”inparagraph1means______.A.corrected B.improved C.damaged D.ignored28.Whenyouuse“actually”,interviewerstendtothinkyou______.A.havenowordstosay B.needmoretimetothinkC.maybemoredependable D.mayhidesomeinformation29.What’stheSouthernLiving’sattitudetousingtheword“actually”?A.Disapproving. B.Fearful.C.Supportive. D.Uncertain.30.Whichisaproperuseof“actually”inajobinterviewaccordingtothepassage?A.—Whydoyouchooseourcompany?—Actuallybecauseofyourgoodreputation.B.—Howdoyoudescribeyourpersonality?—ActuallyI’mresponsibleandcooperative.C.—Whatdoyouexpectfromthejob?—ActuallyIhopetogetmoreexperience.D.—Whatdoyouthinkofbeinganurse?—ActuallyIloveitthoughsomethinkit’stiring.[D]Evenifweusedtoknowthetruth,ourbrainscanstartrepeatingfalseinformationthatisagainstthefacts.Ourbrainsarewiredtobelieveinformationautomatically—evenifit’sfalse—becauseithelpsuslearnefficiently.“Inmanyinstancesit’sausefulskillforustoacceptwhatpeopletellus,becauseoftenwhatpeopletellusistrue,”saysDavidRapp,PhD,apsychologyandeducationprofessoratNorthwesternUniversityinIllinois,US.Whenwehearnewinformation,thosefreshfactsdon’toverridewhatwealreadyknewbefore.Instead,boththenewandoldinformationlivetogetherinourminds.Afewfactorsdeterminewhichonewe’lldrawonwhenthesituationcomesup.Oftentimes,we’llquote(引用)theinformationweheardmostrecently—evenifit’swrong.Becausethey’refresherinourminds,short-termmemoriesareeasierforourbrainstoaccessthanfactsweheardlongerago.We’dhavetothinkbackfurthertorememberpreviousknowledge,sopeoplewilloftenignorethosefactsinfavourofnewinaccurateinformation,saysDrRapp,whorecentlypublishedanarticleonrecallinginaccurateinformationinthejournalCurrentDirectionsinPopularScience.“Previousknowledgeisn’tdifficulttorecall,butitisn’tasreadilyavailable,”hesays.Wearealsousedtobuyingintothefactsthatseemmorebelievable.Often,thismeanstheyfitbetterwithwhatwewanttobelieve,whichcouldexplainwhypeoplequotesuchdifferentfactsinpoliticaldebates.“Bothcandidatessaidsomethingthatwasobjectivelytrueornot,butpeoplewouldignorethatinformationandgowiththeirhopes,wishes,orpreferencesbecauseitgoesalongwithwhattheyhopetobetrue,”saysDrRapp.You’reespeciallyunlikelytobotherthinkingcriticallyaboutinformationwhenyou’rereadingforpleasure,likewithanoveloraWe-Chatstatus,becauseyourbrainisinthemindsetofrelaxing,notkeepinganeyeoutforfalsehood,saysDrRapp.Withallthatpotentiallyfalseinformationoverloadit’sworthputtingintheextraefforttodouble-checkinformationthatstrikesyouasdoubtful.Seekoutreliablesourcesthatbackupwhattheysaywithdata,quotesandotherevidence,saysDrRapp.“Withtheeasethatwecanlookthingsupontheinternet,there’snoreasonnotto,”hesays.31.Accordingtothepassage,whenwegetnewinformation,________.A.ourmindevaluatesitsreliabilityB.ourpreviousknowledgeisreplacedC.itstaystogetherwithpreviousknowledgeD.westillbelieveinourpreviousknowledge32.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peoplemindaccuracywhentheyreadforpleasure.BWevoteforacandidatebecausewhathesaysistrue.C.Ourshort-termmemoryismorereliablewhenwequote.D.Believingwhatpeopletellusoftenimproveslearningefficiency.33.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Themethodsofdealingwithdoubtfulinformation.B.Theresultsofbelievinginfalseinformation.C.Theeffectofoverloadedinformation.D.Thesourceofrightinformation.34.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Wheredowefindreliableinformation?B.Howdowechooseproperinformation?C.Whydowerememberfalseinformation?D.Whethershouldwebelievefreshinformation?第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。Thoseofuswhocanworkfromhomearevideochattingalot.Ifyou'vegotquestions,I'vegotanswers.Ifyourlaptopgetsloudorhotwhilechatting,removeanyaccessoriesandcloseapplications.____35____Onsomedevices,theycancausetemperaturestorise,It'sgoodtocloseanyunnecessarybrowsertabs.____36____Youmightbemuted,sounmuteyourself.IfyouhaveawirelessheadsetorBluetoothearbuds,makesurethey'returnedonandpaired.Neckhurtsorhavesoreeyes?Raiseyourlaptop.____37____.Liftupyourlaptoponbooksorabookstand.Drinkwine?Usetwocorkstoliftthebackcornersofyourcomputer.Facethelight.Makesureyourwindoworlampisinfrontofyourface.WhatisZoombombingandhowdoIstopit?Thereareafeweffectivewaysforahosttoavoidinterruptions.First,inSettingsorwhenyoucreateanewmeeting,choosetogenerateautomatically.Don'tuseyourPersonalMeetingIDwithwhichanyonewithyourunique10-digitnumbercouldjoinatanytime.Andalwaysrequireameetingpass-code.Veryimportant：____38____Inthemeeting,taptheShareScreenbuttonandselectAdvancedSharingOptions.Oncethemeetinghasstartedandeverybodyyouinvitedisin,youcanlocktheroomfromtheMoremenu.WhydoIlookterribleonthesecalls?It'sprobablybecauseyouhaven'tgottenahaircutorputonmakeupinafewweeks.Foraquickfix,enableTouchUpMyAppearance,whichgivesyourvideoasilky,softskinsmoothingfocus.HowdoIhidemymessyhousefromco-workers?Easy：Whenyou'reinameeting.clickonthedownarrownexttotheStart/StopVideoiconandselectChooseVirtualBackground.Downloadsomefunmeme-inspiredbackdropsatzoommeeting.Justbeaware,itdoesn’tworkwithallcomputersandoperating-systemversions.Myaudioorvideowon'twork.Inpreferences,clickontheVideotabtopreviewyourpicture.____39____.Beforehostingorjoiningameeting,testyouraudioandvideoatzoom.us/test.A.Chindownisn'tagoodlook.B.Can'tbeheardorcan'thearanyone?C.Can'tfindaquietplacetoworkorstudy?D.Trydisconnectingexternaldisplaysorcharger.E.Youmayputyourpossessionsinaquitedangeroussituation.F.Makesureyouaretheonlypersonwhocanshareyourscreen.G.IntheAudiotab,youcanchooseyourpreferredmicrophonesourceandspeaker.第三部分：书面表达第一节：阅读表达Itisnormaltofeelworriedandstressedduringanexamperiod.Examsshowprogress,andfailingcouldmeanfallingbehindinthesamecourseorsubject.Thatiswhymostpeoplecanunderstandyouranxietyaroundtheexamperiod.However,toomuchworryingcouldbethestartoffailure.Herearesometipstohelpyoustaypositive.Fromattendingclassestocompletinghomework,theperiodleadingtoanexamisalwaysadifficultprocess.Thisiswhypreparingwellfortheexamiskeytoensureyoureffortsdonotgofruitless.Goingthroughpracticequestionsbeforehandneverdisappointsforanyexam.Forexample,ifyouareaphysicianpreparingfortheUSMLEexams,youcouldcheckfortheUSMLEpracticequestionsbeforetherealexamtimejusttofamiliarizeyourselfwiththeexam.Bysodoing,youaremoreguidedonhowandwhereexactlytoreview.Althoughsomeexamsareimportantandcoulddeterminethefutureofyouracademiclife,itcannotdetermineyourwholelife.Youmighthavedoneathoroughrevisionbutstill,thefirstpaperendedupextremelytoughforyou.Atthispoint,youcanonlykeepahopefulmindthatthenextonewillbeeasierandthatyouwilldobetter.Itcanbereallymotivatingforyoutoknowthatyouhavesomethingpositivecominguprightaftergoingthroughadifficultexamtime.Beingabletoplanforatriporbuyyourselfagiftafteranexamisawesomeenough.Thefactthatyouareabletofacetheexamsshouldbeencouragingenoughandyoushouldappreciateyourselfforit.Examstimesaretemporary(暂时的)andtheyareusuallyforagoodcourse,Inanycase,youwillonlybedealingwiththeexamsforashorttimeandsoyoushouldputallyourtimeandenergythere.40.Accordingtothepassage,whyisitunderstandabletobeanxiousaroundtheexamperiod?41.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodowhenthefirstpaperisratherdifficult?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Itisencouragingforyoutoknowtha