考研《英语一》2023年烟台市招远市全真模拟试题含解析

考研《英语一》2023年烟台市招远市全真模拟试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Youmaybesurprisedtosee“makingsurechildrenneversuffer”asamistake.Thefollowing1mayhelpyouunderstandhowrescuingchildrenfromallsuffering2weakness.Alittleboyfeltsorryforabutterfly3toemergefromitschrysalis(蛹).Hedecidedto4thebutterfly.Sohepeeled(剥开)thechrysalisopenforthebutterfly.Thelittleboywasso5towatchthebutterflyspreaditswingsandflyoffintothesky.Thenhewashorrified6hewatchedthebutterflyfalltothegroundanddiebecauseitdidnothavethemuscle7tokeepflying.Infact,thebutterfly’sstruggleto8thechrysalishelpsthebutterflybecomestronger.Likethelittleboy,9toooftenwanttoprotecttheirchildrenfromstruggleinthe10oflove.Theydon’trealizethattheirchildrenneedtostruggle,toexperience11.Todealwithdisappointment,andtosolvetheirownproblems.Onlyinthiswaycanchildren12theiremotionalstrength,become13anddeveloptheskillsnecessaryfortheevenbiggerstrugglestheywillmeetthroughouttheirlives.Childrenexperiencingsufferingscan14theupsanddownsoflife.However,itisn’thelpfuleitherinthiscasewhenparents15lectures(训斥),blameandshametowhatthechildisexperiencing.Mothers16tosay,“Stopcryingandactinglikeaspoiledboy.Youcan’talwaysgetwhatyouwant.”These17wordsshouldbeavoided.Instead,parentscanofferlovingsupport.Youcansay,“Don’tlose18.Bebrave!Youwillsucceedifyoutryagain.”Thencomesthetoughpart-no19andnolectures.Simplyallowhimtodiscoverthathecangetoverhisdisappointmentand20whathecandotogetwhathewantsinthefuture.1、A．story B．proverb C．saying D．experiment2、A．damages B．burns C．creates D．experiences3、A．turning B．struggling C．devoting D．coming4、A．kill B．feed C．help D．rescue5、A．moved B．excited C．puzzled D．depressed6、A．until B．since C．before D．as7、A．power B．energy C．strength D．force8、A．comeupwith B．doawaywith C．getalongwith D．breakawayfrom9、A．teachers B．parents C．relatives D．friends10、A．case B．charge C．name D．course11、A．friendships B．scholarships C．relationships D．hardships12、A．strengthen B．require C．get D．achieve13、A．warm-hearted B．strong-willed C．absent-mind D．cold-blooded14、A．expect B．predict C．survive D．avoid15、A．add B．adapt C．devote D．contribute16、A．pretend B．happen C．tend D．seem17、A．discouraging B．inspiring C．interesting D．touching18、A．face B．heart C．sight D．weight19、A．parking B．smoking C．drinking D．rescuing20、A．carryout B．figureout C．ruleout D．dropoutSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Chinabecamethefirstcountrytocloneamonkeyusingnon-reproductivecells,reducingtheneedtobreedlabmonkeysandpavingthewayformoreaccurate,effectiveandaffordableanimaltestsfornewdrugs,scientistssaidonThursday.ByDecember,theInstituteofNeuroscienceoftheChineseAcademyofScienceshadcreatedtwoclonemacaques(猕猴)named”ZhongZhong”and“HuaHua”bynucleartransferringofsomaticcells(体细胞)-anycellintheorganismotherthanreproductivecells.Tetra,amonkeybornin1999,istheworld'sfirstclonedmonkey,butitwasdonebyusingasimplermethodcalledembryosplitting(胚胎分割);butitcouldonlygeneratefourclonedoffspringatatimeandcannotbegeneticallychangedtosuittheexperimentalneed.Cloningamonkeyusingsomaticcellshasbeenaworld-classchallengebecauseitisaprimate(灵长类)thatsharesitsgeneticmakeup,andthereforeallofitscomplexity,withhumans.Fordrugandotherlabtests,scientistshavetopurchasemonkeysfromallovertheworld,whichiscostlyandbadfortheenvironment,andproducesinaccurateresultsbecauseeachmonkeymighthavedifferentgenes.Bycloningmonkeyusingsomaticcells,wecanmassivelycultivatelargenumbersofgeneticallyidenticaloffspringinashortamountoftime,andwecanevenchangetheirgenestosuitourneeds.Thiscansavetime,cutdownexperimentcosts,andproducemoreaccurateresults,leadingtomoreeffectivemedicine.SunQiang,directorofthenon-humanprimateresearchfacilityattheinstitute,saidmostofthedrugtrialsarecurrentlydoneonlabmice.However,drugsthatworkonmicemightnotworkorevenhaveseveresideeffectsonhumansbecausethetwospeciesaresodifferent“Monkeysandhumansarebothprimates,sotheyaremuchcloselyrelatedandtestingonmonkeysissupposedtobeaseffectiveastestingonhumans,”hesaid.Thisisespeciallyusefulintestingdrugsforneural(神经的)diseasessuchasParkinson’sdisease,metabolicsyndrome(代谢综合症)andimmunesystemdiseases,andtumors,headded.“ThisachievementwillhelpChinaleadtheworldresearchintheinternationalscienceprojectsrelatedtoneuralmappingofprimatebrains,"hesaid."However,biolabsfromtheUnitedStates,Japan,andEuropeancountriesarealsoverycapable,andtheywillquicklycatchupwithChinaafterthemonkeycloningtechnologyismadepublic,"Sunadded.“Thismeanswehavetoinnovatecontinuouslyandworkextrahardthisyeartostayahead,"hesaid.1、Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorincloningmacaquesnamed"ZhongZhong"and"HuaHua"?A．Reproductivecells.B．SomaticcellsC．Neuralmapping.D．Geneticmakeup2、Whyiscloningmonkeyssodifficult?A．Becauseitisbadforourenvironment.B．Becauseeachmonkeymighthavedifferentgenes.C．Becausemonkeys'geneticmakeupisascomplicatedashumans.D．Becauseitistooexpensivetoworkontheirgeneticmakeup.3、WhatisthemainideaofParagraph8?A．Thecureforneuraldiseases.B．Theprocessofcloningmonkeys.C．Thesignificanceofcloningmonkeys.D．Thecloserelationsbetweenmonkeysandhumans.4、Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A．Moreeffectivemedicinewillbeproduced.B．Drugtrialsonlabmicewillbeabandoned.C．Chinaisthefirstcountrytohaveclonedmonkeys.D．Chinawillstayaheadoftheworldincloning.Text2NotallthehistoriansinCanadaarehistoriansofCanada.Caseinpoint:TimothyBrook.BrookwasbornandschooledinToronto,andhenowteachesinVancouver.Buthe’sahistorianofChina,andhisrecentbookVermeer’sHatseemsatfirsttobeaboutHollandintheperiodoftheDutchmasters.WhenImetBrookrecentlyinVancouver,hedidseemtrulyaglobalhistorian.Vancouverishishome,butVermeer’sHathasbeenpublishedaroundtheworld.BrookwasjustinfromOxford,UK,wherehetaughtpartoftheyear,bywayofNewYork,whereVermeer’sHathadjustbeengiventheLyntonHistoryPrize.HewasabouttogotoCalifornia,wherehewasduetolecture.Still,theauthorandthebookandthehatsaysomethingfreshaboutCanadaandtheworld.“I’vebeenlookingatVermeersince1971,”saysBrook.LookingatDutchinterior(室内的)scenesfromthemid-1600s,henoticedmaps,Chineseporcelains(瓷器),SouthAmericansilver,Virginiatobacco—allmarkingtheinfluencesofthewideworld.InBrook’stelling,Vermeer’smasterworksbecomedoorwaystotheworld,andnotleasttothelargest,richestnationintheworld,theChinaofthelateMingEmpire,afieldinwhichBrookhappenstobeaspecialist.Brookusedglobalhistoryasawaytofindcommongroundwithfellowhistorians.“Thesixteenthcenturyistheageofdiscovery,buttheseventeenthcenturyistheageofpeoplestartingtomovethepossibilityofaglobaleconomy,interculturalrelationsacrosstheglobe,”hesaid.ItprovednothardforthisCanadianhistorianoftheworldtofindCanadainworldhistory--ortheworldinCanadianhistory.InVermeer’s1658paintingofaDutchsoldierinawonderfulhat,thefelt(毛毡)forthehatwasprobablymadeinLachine,fromFrenchlaChinemeaningChina.EstablishedinCanadabydeChamplain,thetownwassonamedbecauseChamplain,likeotherexplorerstheFrenchexplorerSamuelwashopingtogetthroughCanadatoChina.1、WhichwasthelineofBrook’srecentjourneybackhome.A．Toronto--Oxford→VancouverB．Oxford→NewYork→VancouverC．California→Toronto→VancouverD．NewYork→California→Vancouver.2、WhichisdiscussedinBrook’sVermeer’sHat?A．TheLyntonHistoryPrizeB．WaystogivegoodlecturesC．TheMingDynastyofChinaD．AhatVermeerworeforyears3、WhatcanweinferaboutVermeer?A．HewasaDutchpainterB．HewasaFrenchexplorerC．HewasaUKpublisherD．HewasaUSteacher4、Whatcanbesuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheInfluencesofmasters’booksB．AnageofmovingandpossibilitiesC．TheImportanceofCulturalExchangeD．ACanadianHistorianThinkingGloballyText3InhisbookTheTippingPoint:HowLittleThingsCanMakeaBigDifference,theCanadianauthorMalcolmGladwellexplainshowatrendcantakemanyforms.Itcanbeageneralchangeinsocialbehaviour,anideaorafashion.However,whydosometrendscatchonandothersnot?Whatmakesoneparticularbrandoftrainingshoessuddenlybecomethemust-haveproduct?Howdopeoplefindoutabouttrendsandwhatmakespeoplewanttobuyintothem?Isitsimplyaquestionofkeepingupwithotherpeople?Inhisnewwork,Gladwellexplorethemomentwhensomethingbecomescommonandhowproducts,ideas,messagesandformsofbehaviourspread.Helooksatthereasonswhytrendsaresimilarinthewaytheydeveloptooutbreaksofdisease,ormedicalepidemics（流行病）.Epidemics,liketrends,startinaverysmallway,maybefromasinglepersonwithavirus’thenspreadveryquicklyuntiltheytakeoverthepopulationandappeartobeeverywhere.Eventually,theywillslowdowngraduallyordieoutsuddenly.Gladwellshowshowthesechangeshappennotgraduallybutatonesuddenmoment.Gladwellidentifiesthreetypesofpeoplewhoareinfluentialinthedevelopmentofthesekindsofsocialepidemics:Connectorsarepeopleinacommunitywhohavewidesocialcircles.Theyknowalotofpeopleandliketointroducepeopletoeachother.Thepeopletheyknowoftencomefromavarietyofsocial,cultural,professionalandeconomiccircles.Mavensarepeoplewithalotofknowledgeorexpertsinaparticularfield.Theywishtopassontheirknowledgetoothers.Mavenscollectandgatherinformationsoarethefirsttopickuponnewtrends.Salesmenarepeoplewithcharisma（魅力）.Theyhavea“soft”influenceoverpeopleratherthanactualpower.Thismeanstheyareinfluentialbecausepeoplewanttoimitatethem.Overall,Gladwell’sbookisathought-provoking（引人深思的）readforanyoneinterestedintheoriginsoftrends.What’smore,hewritesinaclearstylesoeventhemostdifficultideasareeasytounderstand.1、WhatdoweknowaboutGladwell?A．HeisaproductiveNorthAmericanwriter.B．Hehaswrittenmanybooksonthesubjectoftrends.C．Hethinkstrendsdevelopinthesamewayasillnesses.D．Hebelievestherearethreetypesofpeopleintheworld.2、Accordingtothetext,connectors.A．areverysocialpersonsB．oftenfollowothersC．knowmanypeoplefromthesamecircleD．areknowledgeableandexperienced3、Whatdowelearnfromthetext?A．Salesmentrytocontrolotherpeopleusingtheirpower.B．Mavensquicklybecomeawareofchangesinfashions.C．ConnectorsandMavenstrytogettheirinformationacross.D．Gladwell’sbookisinterestingbuthardtounderstandforreaders.Text4Ascountlessunmadebedsandunfinishedhomeworkassignmentsprove,kidsneedrules.Yethowparentsmakedemandscanpowerfullyinfluenceachild’ssocialskills,psychologistsattheUniversityofVirginiarecentlyfoundaftertheconclusionofastudyinvestigatingthetransitionfromadolescencetoadulthood.Initially18413-year-oldsfilledoutmultiplesurveys,includingonetoassesshowoftentheirparentsemployedpsychologicallycontrollingstrategies,suchasinducingguiltorthreateningtowithdrawaffection.Thekidsrated,forexample,howtypicalitwouldbeforDadtosuggestthat“ifIreallycaredforhim,Iwouldnotdothingsthatcausedhimtoworry”orforMomtobecome“lessfriendlywhenIdidnotseethingsherway.”Theresearchersfollowedupwiththesubjectsatages18and21,askingtheyoungadultstobringalongaclosefriendand,later,aromanticpartneriftheyhadone.Thesepairswereaskedtoanswerhypothetical(假设的)questionsthatwerepurposefullywrittentoinspireadifferenceofopinion.“Wewantedtoseewhethertheycouldnavigateadisagreementinahealthyway,”saysstudyleaderBarbaraOudekerk,nowattheU.S.DepartmentofJustice’sbureauofstatistics.IntheOctoberissueofChildDevelopment,Oudekerkandhercolleaguesreportthatthe13-year-oldswhohadhighlycontrollingparentsstruggledinfriendlydisagreementsatage18.Theyhaddifficultystatingtheiropinionsinaconfident,reasonedmannerincomparisontothekidswithoutcontrollingparents.Andwhentheydidspeakup,theyoftenfailedtoexpressthemselvesinwarmandproductiveways.Theresearcherssuspectthatpushyparentsruintheirchild’sabilitytolearnhowtoarguehisorherownviewpointinotherrelationships.Althoughparentsdoneedtosetboundaries,domineeringstrategiesimplythatanydisagreementwilldamagethebonditself.Separatefindingssuggestthatparentswhoexplainthereasonsbehindtheirrulesandturndisagreementsintoconversationsleaveyoungstersbetterpreparedforfuturearguments.Theconsequencesoftenseordomineeringrelationshipsappeartogetworsewithtime.Thisstudyalsofoundthatsocialdifficultiesat18predictedevenpoorercommunicationabilitiesatage21.PsychologistShmuelShulmanofBar-IlanUniversityinIsrael,whodidnotparticipateinthework,thinkstheseconclusionsconvincinglyrevealhowrelationshippatterns“carryforward”intonewfriendships.1、Whatwillhappentotheteenagerswithpushyparents?A．Theylosesocialskills.B．Theyhavetroublepresentingopinions.C．Theyexpressthemselvesinanaggressiveway.D．Theyfailtoinspireadifferenceofopinion.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“domineering”inParagraph5mean?A．alternativeB．conservativeC．powerfulD．forceful3、Itcanbeinferredfromthefindingsthatparentsshould.A．communicatewithchildrenwhensettingrulesB．learnnewwaystoestablishnewfriendshipsC．seekmorecontrollingstrategiesD．helpchildrendevelopabilitiestofollowrulesPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)语法填空Whenyoustepintoanewenvironment,youmighthavesomedifficultyinfittinginHerearesometips1．mighthelpyouBeconfidentYouareuniqueinthisworldSpendsometimethinkingaboutyour2．（strengthen）andyouwillbeabletobuildupconfidencestepbystepBekindtoeveryoneKindnessisthebridgetoyourownhappinessAlwaysgivemorethanyoureceive,andthinkmoreofothersthanof3．（you）ApersonwhocaresforothersispopulareverywhereBeactiveingroupactivities4．（vary）activitieslikeplayingfootballcanhelpyoutobeknown5．othersYoumayaddmorefriendstoyourcircleAtthesametime,you'llbeamazed6．（see）howmuchtheylikeyouBeoptimisticOptimism7．（make）bothyouandothersfeelpleasedIthelpsyoumake8．goodfirstimpressionApleasantsmilecoststhe9．（little）butdoesthemostIfyoufollowthesuggestions10．（mention）above,youwillbeacceptedbypeoplearoundyouAndyouwillfitinverywellandenjoyyournewlifeDoyouhaveanyideaofNewYearpaintings?1．(know)as“paperpaintings”and“paintedpictures”,NewYearpaintingsareaspecialartforminChinesefolkcultureWithoutNewYearpaintings,ourtraditionalChinesefolkculturewouldbemuchless2．(color)Thepaintingsgetsuchanamebecausetheyare3．(most)postedduringtheChineseNewYearholidayfor4．(decorate)andtheyarealsoacceptedasasymbolofNewYear’sgreetingsNewYearpaintingsappearedaroundtheTangdynasty,replacingthepreviousdoorpicturesbelievedtobeabletoprotecttheresidentsanddriveawayghostsIntheSongdynastytheNewYearpaintings5．(create)onalargescale(规模)6．theprintingtechniquesimproving,thecontentandformsofNewYearpaintingsbecamevariousThedevelopmentofthepaintingsmaturedintheMingandQingdynasties,7．thearthititsheyday(全盛期)Therearemany8．(tradition)printingmethodsofNewYearpaintings,9．(include)woodblockprinting,stone-blockprinting,offsetprinting,watercolorpainting,etc10．isreported,woodblock-printedNewYearpaintingsarethemostpopularandinterestingones,accordingtoarecentsurveySectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)TheAdvantagesofHobbiesHobbiesprovideentertainmentandachancetocontinuouslylearnsomethingnewanddevelopaskillset.1、Hobbiesarepraisedasakeytostressredaction.Becominglostinthementalconcentrationorphysicalactionwhichyouaredeeplyinterestedinhelpsyoushiftfocusfromthepartsoflifethatarestressful.2、Andinturnyouaremorepeacefulwhenworkingonotherwork,3、Manypeoplesetgoalswiththeirhobbiesthatprovidethemsatisfactionwhenthesegoalshavebeenachieved.Thesegoalscanbesimple,likeimprovingagolfscore,writingacertainnumberofpagesforanoveleachdayorseeinganentirecollectionofclassicfilms.Hobbiesprovideasenseofcommunitywhenyoumeetotherpeoplewhoenjoysimilaractivities.4、Morepopulatedcitiestypicallyhavenumerousclubsorgroupsforpeopletosharetheirknowledgeandenthusiasmaboutaparticularhobby.Becomingamemberofoneoftheseorganizationsallowsgreatergrowthwithinyourhobby,aswellasachancetomakenewfriends.HavingahobbycandevelopatalentthatmakesapersonfeelproudandsatisfiedForexample,atennishobbydevelopedatayoungagecanleadtoacareerasaprofessionalathleteoneday.5、Forexample,writerVladimirNabokovalsocollectedbutterflieswhichallowedhimtodobetterinhischosenfieldsbecauseheusedlearnedskillsfromonetoimprovetheother.A．Thereareavarietyofhobbies.B．Hobbiesalsoprovideasenseofachievement.C．Somehobbiesaffectotheraspectsofyourlife.D．Focusingonsomethingenjoyablecancalmthemind.E.Theyalsoprovidemanyothersocialandhealthbenefits.F.Havingahobbyincreasesthechancestointeractwithlike-mindedpeople.G.Somehobbiescontainingphysicalactivitiesofferanenjoyablewaytostayhealthy.Peoplehavebeenmakingandflyingkitesforabout2,000years.1、SomehistoriansbelieveittheancientChinesemayhavestartedkiteflying2000yearsago.ItisstillapopularhobbyinChina,JapanandKo