非谓语动词及经典例题汇编

英语语法整理：非谓语动词时间：PAGEPAGE4非谓语动词一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能（一）概述：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（theInfinitive）；动名词（theGerund）；现在分词（thePresentParticiple）；过去分词（thePastParticiple）。非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：类别语

法

功

能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√

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现在分词

√√√√过去分词

√√√√二、非谓语动词用法：1、不定式的形式： 主动被动一般式towritetobewritten进行式tobewriting/完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：I’mgladtomeetyou./Heseemstoknowalot./Weplantopayavisit./Hewantstobeanartist.2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：Theboypretended________________________________./Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：Iregrettedtohavetoldalie./Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm./Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.句法功能用法例句作主语常用形式主语it代替，而将不定式置于句尾Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不给他们任何东西，这好像太自私了。作宾语作动词的宾语Hehasdeterminedtosettledowninthecountryside.他决定到乡村去安家落户了。“疑问词+不定式”可作介词的宾语Wearetalkingabouthowtoovercomethepresentdifficulties.我们正在讨论如何克服当前的困难。作表语表示主语的具体内容、目的等，有将来时间的意义Hisdreamistobealawyer.他的梦想是成为一名律师。作定语置于被修饰词的后面，表示要做的动作Atlasthehadachancetogoabroad.他终于有了一个出国的机会。作状语表示原因、目的、结果、评论等Sheburstintolaughtertoseehisfunnyaction.看到他滑稽的动作，她大笑起来。Heshoutedandwavedtobenoticed.他边喊边挥手，以便引起别人的注意。Hewokeuptofindeverybodygone.他醒了过来，结果发现大家都走了。Tobehonest,Idon’tlikewesternfood.说实话，我不喜欢西餐。作补足语大多数动词后的补足语用带to的不定式Weallexpectedhimtowinthecontest.我们都期望他能在竞赛中获胜。使役动词、感官动词等后的补足语用不带to的不定式Henoticedayoungmanentertheoffice.他注意到一个年轻男人进了办公室。2、动名词的形式：主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定式：not+动名词1）一般式：Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。2）被动式：Hecametothepartywithout________________________.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3）完成式：Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我们记得看过这部电影。4）完成被动式：HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。5）否定式：not+动名词Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告。6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.句法功能用法例句4.______toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked5.Thismachineisveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate6.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake______itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.A.towindB.windC.windingD.wound7.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar____.A.washedB.washC.washingD.towash高666考%%8.Imake$2,000aweek,60surelywon’tmake______differencetome.A.thatabigB.athatbigC.bigathatD.thatbiga9.________inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad. A.Standing B.Tostand C. Stood D.Stand10.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut______anevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet11.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand______them.A.corrects B.correct C.tocorrect D.correcting12._______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.Use B.Using C.Used D.Touse13.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy_____anythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched14.Tonylentmethemoney,______thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghoped15.Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirds________away.A.tostayB.stayingC.stayedD.stay16.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,_________thebreakfastuntouched. A.left B.toleave C.leaving D.havingleft17.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen_suchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto18.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit19.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope________.

A.providing B.provided C.havingprovided D.provide20.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.

A.tobetold B.telling C.beingtold D.told21. 一Haveyoufiguredouthowmuchthetripwillcost?—$4,000,orlikethat.A.anythingB.everythingC.somethingD.nothing22.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom intheSouthChinaSea.A.attackingB.havingattackedC.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked23.Pressedfromhisparents,and______thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.A.realizing B.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized24. "It'sasuchniceplace,"Mothersaidasshesatatthetable________forcustoms.A.tobereservedB.LivingreservedC.reserving D.reserved25.IthinkTom,astheheadofabigdepartment,shouldcitherstudyregularlyor______ hisjob.A.quits B.toquit C.quitting D.quit26.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit'sbetter silent.A.remain B.beremaining C.havingremainedD.toremain27. animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.A.Based B.Basing C.Base D.Tobase28.AsI'llbeawayforatleastayear,I'dappreciate________nowandthentellingmehoweveryoneisgettingalong.A.hearingB.tohearC.tobehearingD.havingheard29.Theteacherdidn’tfeellike______hemonthespot.A.correctB.correctingC.tocorrectD.corrected30.Withtheoldman________theway,wehadnotroublein________thatcave.A.leads,findB.leading,findingC.led,tofindD.wasleading,found31.Iremember__________forthejob,butIforgettheexactamount.A.topayB.payingC.tohavepaidD.beingpaid32.Hewasseen___________out.A.goB.togoC.wentD.goes33.Hehasn’tgotused________inthecountryside.A.liveB.toliveC.tolivingD.living34.Wedon’tallow________inthelectureroom.A.tosmokeB.smokeC.smokingD.tosmoking35.I’mlookingforwardto__________fromyousoon.A.hearB.heardC.hearingD.beingheard36.Shedoesn’tmind_________athomealonethoughshemayfeellonely.A.leaveB.beingleftC.leavingD.tobeleft37.Peoplefromallthecornerscametothecity,__________itverycrowded.A.tomakeB.andmakingC.madeD.making38.________allthetimeisthekeyto_________progressinEnglish.A.Practise,makingB.Topractise,makingC.Practise,makeD.Topractise,make39.Onlyoneofthesebooksis____________.A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.worthofreadingD.worthreading40.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_______upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow41.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_________onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest42._________areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived43.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,________itthepopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake44.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand__________them.A.correctB.correctingC.correctsD.tocorrect45.__________atthedoorbeforeenteringplease.A.KnockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.Knock46.________suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.