2022年12月大学英语六级考试

2022年12月大学英语六级考试

PartiWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowrite

anessaythatbeginswiththesentence“Todayincreasing

importanceisbeingattachedtocultivatingcollegestudents5

teamspirit."Youcanmakestatements,givereasons,orcite

examplestodevelopyouressay.

Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.

Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.

Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonly

once.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswer

fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Prioritizinghappinessovermoney.

B)Joiningtheclubtogethernewbook.

C)Managingone'spersonalfinanceswisely.

D)Consumingmoreonlywhenearningmore.

2.A)Shewasindebt.

B)Shewasafinancialadviser.

C)Sheearned$30,000amonth.

D)Sheenjoyedahappylife.

3.A)Itreflectsone'searningpower.

B)Itvarieswithone)senvironment.

C)Itmirrorsone,ssenseofwellbeing.

D)Itchangeswithone'sgoalsinlife.

4.A)Itwouldgivehimmoretimetobewithhislovedones.

B)Itwouldbegoodforthosewhovaluerelationships.

C)Itwouldmeanmajorsacrificesforhim.

D)Itwoulddeprivehimofhisindividuality

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Itwastheartist'sfirstlandscape.

B)ItwasapaintingbyChristopher.

C)Itwasdonatedbytheartistherself.

D)Itwasdisplayedataretirementparty.

6.A)Itwasthepaintingthatinstantlymadeherrich.

B)Ithascosthimalotofmoneytopurchaseit.

C)Itwasrecentlypurchasedbythegallery.

D)Itisownedbyananonymouscollector.

7.A)Itreflectsheremotions.

B)Itcontainsampledetails.

C)Itappearsperfectlysymmetrical.

D)Itdepictsthebeautyofdesolation.

8.A)Sheiseccentriclikeanyotherartist.

B)Sheisaveryniceandintelligentartist.

C)Sheisasluckyasanyacclaimedartist.

D)Sheisoneofthemostproductiveartists.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheend

ofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththe

passageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhear

aquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Itisvitaltoone'smentalhealth.

B)Itleadstoreconciliationandpeace.

C)Itpromotesinterpersonalrelationship.

D)Itkeepsonefromtraumaticexperience.

10.A)Whentheoffenderhaspoweroverthevictim.

B)Whentheoffenderisnotwillingtoapologize.

C)Whentheoffenderisnotdulypenalized.

D)Whentheoffenderaddsinsulttoinjury.

11.A)Talkwiththeoffendercalmly.

B)Accepttheoffender5sapology.

C)Findoutwhyhecommittedtheoffense.

D)Determinehowserioustheoffensewas.

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Thenumberofpassengersdroppedsharply.

B)Itservedmoreandmorecommuters.

C)Thenumberofstationsincreasedto50.

D)ItbecamethelongestintheUnitedKingdom.

13.A)Toincreasecapacitytomeetgrowingneeds.

B)Tomakewayforothermeansoftransport.

C)Tohaveitssystemsmodernised.

D)Toavoidfurtherfinanciallosses.

14.A)Itisgenerallyrecognisedasaworldheritagesite.

B)Itisthefastestwaytoreachthecity，ssouthside.

C)Itconstitutesasourceofrevenueforthecity.

D)Ithelpsreducetrafficjamsinthecitycentre.

15.A)Theyareusuallycrowded.

B)Theyusehigh-techsystems.

C)Theyacceptsmartcardsonly.

D)Theyarecolourfullydecorated.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsof

lecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.The

recordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,you

mustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)

andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwith

asinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theyarequitefriendlytohumans.

B)Theyareshrinkinginnumbers.

C)Theyareunafraidofhumans.

D)Theyareespeciallyfondofgarbage.

17.A)Itisstrictlyforbidden.

B)Itisanuncommonsight.

C)Itisagestureofhumangenerosity.

D)Itisallowedonlyincertainareas.

18.A)Sharetheirfoodwiththebeartheysee.

B)Bepreparedtorunintoahungrybear.

C)Trytobefriendlywiththebeartheymeet.

D)Refrainfromteasingbearswithcubs.

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Itreferstoopinionsthatareradicalandwidespread.

B)Itmeansmakingjudgmentswithoutadequateknowledge.

C)Itreferstodeep-rootedbeliefsaboutsomeoneorsomething.

D)Itmeansstickingtoone'sjudgmentsevenwhenprovedwrong.

20.A)Theyoftenleadtowarbetweenreligiousgroups.

B)Theykeepcertainoccupationsfromthriving.

C)Theyallowmythsandhalf-truthstopersist.

D)Theypreventusfromgettingtothetruth.

21.A)Whenwestarttofeelsuperior.

B)Whenwemixwithprejudicedpeople.

C)Whenweliveinanisolatedneighborhood.

D)Whenwetrytokeepupwiththosearoundus.

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Motivated.

B)Disappointed.

C)Perplexed.

D)Shocked.

23.A)Theywouldchangewiththepassageoftime.

B)Theywouldbenefityoungpeople，sadultlife.

C)Theywouldhelpkidsgrow.

D)Theywouldlastalifetime.

24.A)Hehadbecomemature.

B)Hesufferedpoorhealth.

C)Hehadlotsofstoriestotell.

D)HeregrettedleavingVietnam.

25.A)Makefriendswithhisstudents.

B)Showhisstudentshowtodotheirbest.

C)Helphisstudentsgetthroughthegrowingpains.

D)Sharehispersonalexperiencewithhisstudents.

PartIIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youare

requiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiven

inawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefully

beforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbya

letter:PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet

2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewords

inthebankmorethan

once.

Duringthesummer,whenIwasavisitingpoetataresidencyoutofstate,

anangry,confusedwomanwanderedintomyclassandsaid:"Ihavethree

gunsandIwanttousethem.”Weall26.Itwasn'tclearifshehadthe

guns,butweeachknowthat,whenweteachinAmerica,wearealreadyin

danger.

Iwasdizzywithfear.Thewoman,wholaterturnedouttobea

schizophrenic(精神分裂症患者)without27tohermedications,was,by

someforce,wrestledoutand28away,thenputinahospitalforobservation,

inastepthatwasactuallysaferforeveryonethananyoneofuspressing

charges.Myclasswenton;wetalkedaboutpoems.Butdespitethefact

thattherestofourdaysoncampuspassed29,Iwasrattled.Icouldn，t

shakethesensethatinthiscountrywealwaysliveat30risk.

Afewmonthslater,crisis31again.Whilemyhusbandwaslockinghisbike

todropoffour3-year-olddaughterforherpreschool-ageddaycamp,a

differentwomanapproached.Swiftlyandforno32reason,shebentdown,

pickedupourdaughter,andbegantocarryherdownthestreet.Itwas

sofastandconfusingthatmydaughter33cried.Myhusband,inaburst

ofspeed,chasedthewomanandreclaimedourdaughter.Thewoman,clearly

confused,retreatedintothepubliclibrary.A34ofhomelesspeoplewho

generallyknowtheotherhomelessintheareasaidtheydidnotrecognize

thewoman.Thewomanwassoclearlyunwellthatwhenshewastakeninto

custodyshewasincoherent.Heartbreakingly,shecalledourdaughterby

thenameofsomeoneelse'schild.Eachpartoftheepisodewasashaunting

asitwas35

A)access

F)froze

K)peacefully

B)apparent

G)incredible

L)presumably

C)barely

H)indignant

M)stifled

D)dedication

I)network

N)struck

E)escorted

J)overriding

0)terrifying

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

statementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgivenin

oneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformation

isderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphis

markedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2.

Thismanisrunning7marathonson7continentsin7days

A）MichaelWardianpushedforwardintothepenetratingarctic（北极的）wind,

fightingtheurgetospeedup.Toomucheffortandhe'dbegintosweat,

which,hewastold,wouldonlyincreasetheriskofhypothermia（体温过

低）.

B）Atthe2014NorthPoleMarathon,thetemperaturedippedtominus-22

degreesF,withawindchillthatmadeitfeelevencolder.Alongtheroute,

armedguardswanderedthelargesheetsoffloatingicetominimizethe

riskofpolarbearattacks.

C）“Iliketodostuffthatscaresme,“Wardiansaid.Withicefrozento

hisbeard,WardiancrossedthefinishlinethatAprilafternoonina

winningtimeof4hours7minutesand40seconds,almosttwohoursslower

thanhispersonalbestover26.2miles.TheraceforWardian,however,

waslessabouttheresultthanovercominghisaversiontothecold.

D）Inafewdays,Wardianwillonceagaincompeteinanunfamiliarterritory

andbelow-freezingtemperatures.HewilllineupMondayinAntarctica（南

极）forthefirstlegoftheWorldMarathonChallenge一joining32other

adventureseekersonanunusualjourneywhereparticipantstravelthrough

differenttimezonesandclimatestorunsevenmarathonsonseven

continentsinsevendays.

E）Aneliteultra-runner,Wardianhashissightsonbreakingtheevent，s

recordaveragemarathontimeof3:32:25setlastJanuarybyU.S.Marine

CorpscaptainDanielCartica.Wardian,a42-year-oldArlingtonresident,

isarecord-breakingracer,knownintheultrarunningcommunityfor

seekingtoughcoursesandsettingworldrecords.Lastyear,heran1,254.65

milesin47races.TheWorldMarathonChallenge,likemostofWardian's

runninggoals,willbeaboutpushinghislimits."Ilovediverseand

uniquechallenges,“hesaid."I'mdefinitelyinterestedinseeingwhat

Icanhandleandwhatmybodycanaccept.

Thatdrivesme.

F)SomethingaboutthewayRichardDonovancarriedhimselfappealedto

Wardian.PerhapsitwasthesenseofadventureDonovandisplayedwhenthey

firstmetatthe201050KChampionshipsinGalway,Ireland,whereDonovan

wastheracedirector.Thetwohitit

off,andsoonWardianwasparticipatinginDonovan'sevents.Itwasatthe

NorthPole

Marathon,aracethatDonovanorganizes,thatWardianfirstheard

abouttheIrishman，splanfortheWorldMarathonChallenge一a

challengethatDonovanhimselfcompletedin2009and2012.“Iknew

thatmanypeoplehadagoalofrunningsevenmarathonsonseven

continentsduringanytimeperiod,“Donovan,50,said."Ifeltthe

naturalextensiontothisideawouldbetotrytoachieveitwithin

aseven-dayperiod.”

G)Wardianstartedsavingforthetripin2014,connectingwith

sponsorsandgettingapprovalfromhiswife,Jennifer,before

committing.Registrationfortheeventcosts36,000euros,which

coversinternationalcharterflightstoeachofthesevenmarathon

locations:UnionGlacier(Antarctica),PuntaArenas,Chile(South

America),Miami(NorthAmerica),

Madrid(Europe),Marrakesh,Morocco(Africa),Dubai(Asia)and

Sydney(Australia).Thechallengeisatestofbothphysicalstrength

andmentalfitness.Sleepingonacrammedplane,adjustingto

differenttimezonesandfindingfoodtoeat(Wardianisavegetarian)

wouldmakeitanexhaustingtripoveramonth,letaloneaweek."The

keytoaracelikethisisgettingcomfortablebeing

uncomfortable,“saidBeccaPizzi,lastyear，swomen，s

champion."Thehighsoftheraceareincrediblyhigh,andthelows

incredibly

low.”

H)Sinceturningitintoanorganizedeventin2015,Donovanhas

attractedavarietyofrunners.Thisyear，schallengewi11feature

afarmoreelitefield,whichincludesRyanHall,America，sfastest

marathonrunner.Despitehisproventrackrecord,Hallsaidhehas

notimegoalsandthathestillsuffersfromthesamefatigueissues

thatforcedhimtoleavetheprofessionalranksin2015.Hallplans

torunwithhisfriend,PastorMatthewBarnettofTheDreamCenter

inLosAngeles一oneofthesixAmericanmenwhowillbecompeting."I

don，texpecttorunastepwithMike,butIwillbeexcitedtosee

howhedoes,“saidthe34-year-oldHall,whobeganweight-lifting

afterretiring."IfIfinishwithinanhourofhimineachmarathon,

rdbesurprised.”

I)Instead,43-year-oldPetrVabrousek,aneliteCzechIronman

champion,isexpectedtobeWardian，sclosestchallenger.Toothers

onthetrip,simplyfinishingwillbeitsownreward.SineadKane

ofIrelandisaimingtobecomethefirstblindpersontocomplete

thechallenge.AndBethAnnTelford,a47-year-oldfederal

governmentworkerfromFairfaxandtheonlyAmericanfemaleinthis

year，smix,isusingtheeventasaplatformtoraisemoneyforcancer

research.It'sacausewithapersonalconnectiontoTelford,who

wasdiagnosedwithbraincancerin2004.“Doingsomethinglikethis

isdefinitelythehardestchallengethatI'veeverdoneexceptfor

thechemotherapyandbrainsurgery,“shesaid."It'sgoingtoraise

awareness.Ijustwantedtodosomethingthatisepicandthis

certainlyisrightupthere."Wardian,too,hopeshisinvolvement

willgivehimaplatformtopromoteacause.Herecentlybecamean

ambassadorfortheUnitedNationsWomen，sHeForSheinitiativeto

fightinequalitiesfacedbywomenandgirlsworldwide.

J)OnachillyDecemberafternoon,WardianwovethroughWashington，s

crowdedsidewalks

onthewayhomefromhisfull-timejobasaninternationalship

broker.Hiselastic,6-footframebouncedgentlyandefficiently

offthegroundwitheachstepofthehillysix-miletripbackto

Arlington.ThisisadailyroutineduringtheweekforWardian,who

startedracingprofessionallyin2003andrunssevendaysaweek,

oftenmultipletimesaday.Whenhetravels,hepreferstoexplore

newplacesonhisfeet.

K)Butinsomeways,Wardianstillhastroublethinkingofhimselfasa

runner.Forthemajorityofhischildhood,Wardiandevotedhisenergyto

becomingaDivisionIlacrosse(长曲棍球)player—adreamherealizedwhen

hewasrecruitedtoplayatMichiganStateUniversity."Oncehedecides

todosomething,hejustworksatituntilhedoesit,“MichaeFsyounger

sister,Mariele,said."Oncehedecidestodoit,it'susuallysomething

that'sgoingtohappen.He'salwaysbeenlikethat.He'saverymotivated

individual.”

L)ItwasonlyayearorsoagothatWardianrealizedthathehadbeena

runnerlongerthanalacrosseplayer.Itwasnotuntilheraninthe2004

U.S.OlympicMarathonTrials一thefirstofthreeforWardian一thathefelt

thathewasalegitimaterunner.Nowmorethan10years

andnumerousultra-marathonnationaltitlesandworldrecordslater,heembracesthatidentity.

Wardianwantstoseehowfarhislegscantakehim,oneepicchallenge

atatime."Iwanttoalwayskeepdoingthingsthatare

exciting,adventurous,differentandmostimportantly,probablythingsI'm

notthebestat,“Wardiansaid,ubecauseifyou，renotseekingthingsout

thatarechallenginganddifficultforyou,thenyou，renotgrowing•••

SoIhopemaybepeopleseewhatIdo,andsay,'Okay,Iwanttodosomething

differentortrysomethingnew.I'mgoingtodosomethingthatscares

me・'That'swhatI'mhopingpeoplewilltakefromit.”

36.Wardianregardsthevariousextraordinarychallengesasatestofhis

physicalendurance.

37.Wardianhopeshisparticipationintheseven-daymarathonserieswill

contributetoaworthycause

38.Wardianisgoingtojoinoverthirtyotherrunnersinaweek-long

marathonseries.

39.Over-exertioninextremecoldcanlowerone，sbodytemperaturetoa

dangerouspoint.

40.Wardianwasverymuchimpressedbyaracedirector，ssenseof

adventure.

41.OnceWardiansetshismindonsomething,heisdeterminedtomakeit

happen.

42.OnetopAmericanmarathonerquithisrunningcareerbecauseofhis

physicalcondition.

43.Tomanyoftheweek-longmarathonparticipants,completingtherace

willbeasuccessinitself.

44.ForWardian,themarathonintheArcticwasmoreabouthowtotriumph

overtheextreme

cold.

45.Toparticipateintheseven-daymarathonseries,Wardianhadtoraise

alotofmoneyandhavehiswife，ssupport.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowed

bysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthereare

fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice

andmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Manypeopleassociatetheirself-worthwiththeirwork.Themore

successfultheircareer,thebettertheyfeelaboutthemselves.

Work-relatedself-esteemisthereforeaworthyidealtopursuewith

vigor,right?Well,notalways.Accordingtorecentresearch,inwhich

psychologistsinterviewed370full-timeworkersoveraperiodof

threeweeks,therealityisalittlemorecomplicated.Andit

involvesnegativeaswellaspositiveconsequences.

It'snaturaltobedrawntowardspleasureandtostepawayfrompain.

Intheworkplace,ifthatpleasurecomesfromatriumphwhichswells

ourself-respect,peoplewilltrytorepeattheaccomplishment.But

repeatingthataccomplishmentisoftennotrealistic,whichcanlead

toseverenegativeemotionalconsequenceswhenitdoesn，treoccur.

Thisformofmotivationiswidelyregardedasanegativetypeof

motivation.Itcanhinderothermorepositivemotivationtypes,such

ascompletingataskpurelybecauseit'sfulfillingorenjoyable.

Whatconsumestheemployeeinsteadisapressingneedtofeelmighty

andsureofthemselves.Theythentakeononlytasksandobjectives

whichservethatego-drivenneed.Asaresult,toavoidfeelingsof

shameandworthlessnessassociatedwithfailure,theyextend

themselvestosuchadegreethatthere，sasubsequentadverseeffect

ontheirwell-being.Thisinternalpressuretosucceedatallcosts

demandsalotofeffort.Itdepletestheirenergy,culminatingin

disproportionatelevelsofdamagingsentiment.

Thosenegativeemotionsmountintoheightenedanxiety,impacting

theirabilitytomakethemostoftheirpersonallife.Theirdesire

toavoidfeelinginferiorendsupmakingthemfeelinferiorwhen

itcomestotheirdiminishedcapacityforfriendshipandleisure.

Theyendup

dissatisfiedbothatworkandoutsideofit.

Butthankfully,forthosepeoplecompelledalmostentirelybythis

specificformofmotivation,thenewsisn，tallbad,orbadatall.

Thestudyalsodiscoveredseveralpositiveoutcomesthatcan

actuallyoutweightheharmfulones.Thoughthesetypesofemployees

aremotivatedbythedesiretoavoidnegativeconsequences,theyare

alsomotivatedbytheexcitementofpursuingemotionalrewards.This

excitementmakespursuinggoalsenjoyableandstimulatespleasure

andpridethatwouldresultfromsuccess.Aneffectofthepositive

motivationisthatitneutralizestheexistenceofnegative

motivation.

Sure,itaffectspeople，spersonallivestowhatcouldbedeemed

anunhealthyextent,becauseleisureactivitiesareoftenseenas

apartoflifethatmustbesacrificedtomanageworkandfamily

demands.However,thewaypeoplefeelabouttheirworkhaslessto

dowithwhetherthey，remotivatedbythepreservationofself-esteem

butmorewiththefactthatthey，resimplymotivated.

46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthepursuitofwork-related

self-esteem?

A)Itmayresultinnegativemotivation.

B)Itcontributestoone'saccomplishments.

C)Itcanincreaseone，svigorasonekeepstrying.

D)Itcoststoomuchemotionallyandpsychologically.

47.Whatdoemployeestendtodoinpursuingwork-related

self-esteem?

A)Takeontaskswellbeyondtheiractualcapabilities.

B)Strivetosucceedattheexpenseoftheirwell-being.

C)Resorttoallmeansregardlessoftheconsequences.

D)Exaggeratetheirsenseofshameandworthlessness.

48.Whatdowelearnaboutpeopleover-concernedwithwork-related

self-esteem?

A)Theymayoftenfeelinferiortotheircolleagues.

B)Theycannotenjoytheirpersonallifetothefull.

C)Theyareneversatisfiedwiththeirachievements.

D)Theyhavetheirownviewoffriendshipandleisure.

49.Whatisthegoodnewswelearnfromtherecentresearch?

A)Thepursuitofgoalsmayturnouttobeenjoyableandpleasant.

B)Theemotionalrewardsfromgoalpursuitareworththepainstaken.

C)Thenegativeconsequencesofgoalpursuitcanmostlybeavoided.

D)Thegoalofswellingself-esteemcanbeachievedifonekeepstrying.

50.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A)Workershavetomakesacrificestopreserveself-esteem.

B)Self-esteemswellswhenworkersarestronglymotivated.

C)Pursuitofgoalsaffectspeople，spersonallivestoanunhealthy

extent.

D)Peoplefeelpositiveabouttheirworkaslongastheyaremotivated.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Degradationoftheworld，snaturalresourcesbyhumansisrapidly

outpacingtheplanet，sabilitytoabsorbthedamage,arecentUN

environmentalstudyhasfound.Thestudyconcludesthatwithoutradical

actionthelevelofprosperitythatmillionsofpeopleinthedeveloped

worldcountonwillbeimpossibletomaintainorextendtopoorer

countries.

WaterscarcityisthecurseofsomeofthepoorestregionsonEarth,

leavingdevelopingcountriesincreasinglyunabletofeedthemselves,and

causinghardshipformillionsofpeople.Thereappearslittleprospect

ofthisdesperatesituationbeingremediedwithoutradicalactionbeing

taken.Waterresourcesareunderincreasingthreatfrompopulation

growth,climate

change,rapidurbanization,risinglevelsofconsumption,andthe

degradationoflandsthatpreviouslyprovidedanaturalreplenishment(#

充)ofwaterresources.

Therateofdamagetothenaturalenvironmentwasfoundtoincrease

globally,despiteconcertedeffortstopersuadegovernmenttotake

measurestoimprovethecondition."Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,andthe

worldfailstoimprovepatternsofproductionandconsumption,thenthe

stateoftheworld，senvironmentwillcontinuetodecline,“warnedUN

executivedirectorAchimSteiner.

Hesaidthetoolsforimprovingtheenvironmentformillionsofpeople

exi