基于树莓派的wifi小车的设计与实现

⑧.若使用USB转RS-232串口线下载，可能会遇到不兼容的问题，可以让我们帮助购买兼容的USB转RS-232串口线仍在连接中,请给MCU上电如图：图4-7下载失败1解决办法：关闭下载，重新打开下载，问题即可解决。提示如下：图4-8下载失败2MCUTypeis:STC89C52RCMCUFirmwareVersion:6.6CChinese:MCU固件版本号:6.6CDoublespeed/双倍速:12T/单倍速振荡放大器增益:fullgain下次下载时P1.0/P1.1与下载无关内部扩展AUX-RAM:允许访问(强烈推荐)下次下载用户应用程序时将数据Flash区擦除:NO用户软件启动内部看门狗后:复位关看门狗ALEpin仍为ALE内部时钟频率:11.131948M.外部时钟频率:11.131948M.4.6安装开发软件Keil_µVision4由于树莓派资料过于少，自行研究困难有点多，本次使用的芯片为51单片机，用到的软件为Keil_µVision4，51单片机开发环境的建立包括软件开发环境的建立和硬件开发环境的建立两大部分，软件开发环境的建立主要是要安装好Keil软件和USB驱动程序、ISP下载软件，硬件开发环境的建立主要是要设置好51单片机综合学习系统，并和电脑连接好。4.7配置了解开发环境2009年2月发布KeilµVision4，KeilµVision4引入灵活的窗口管理系统，使开发人员能够使用多台监视器，并提供了视觉上的表面对窗口位置的完全控制的任何地方。新的用户界面可以更好地利用屏幕空间和更有效地组织多个窗口，提供一个整洁，高效的环境来开发应用程序。新版本支持更多最新的ARM芯片，还添加了一些其他新功能。2011年3月ARM公司发布最新集成开发环境RealViewMDK开发工具中集成了最新版本的KeilµVision4，其编译器、调试工具实现与ARM器件的最完美匹配。4.8代码部分（C）4.8.1小车前进部分实现小车的前进操作，通过代码设置小车驱动模块IO，通过0/1信号对小车电机进行控制，实现小车电机正转，小车四个轮子的电机同时向前转动，实现小车向前运行的操作。//包含51单片机头文件，内部有各种寄存器定义#include<AT89X52.H>//定义小车驱动模块输入IO口sbitIN1=P1^0;sbitIN2=P1^1;sbitIN3=P1^2;sbitIN4=P1^3;sbitIN5=P1^4;sbitIN6=P1^5;sbitIN7=P1^6;sbitIN8=P1^7; //延时函数 voiddelay(unsignedintk){unsignedintx,y;for(x=0;x<k;x++)for(y=0;y<2000;y++);}/***************************************************************///全速前进函数voidrun(void){IN1=1; IN2=0; IN3=1; IN4=0;IN5=1; IN6=0; IN7=1; IN8=0;//P1=0X55;}/***************************************************************/ //主函数voidmain(void){delay(100); run(); //调用前进函数while(1) //无限循环{run(); //调用前进函数}}此处贴一个单片机读取的hex文件：:10000300E4FDFCC3ED9FEC9E5015E4FBFA0BBB0033:0F001300010ABA07F8BBD0F50DBD00010C80E45F:0100220022BB:10002300D290C291D292C293D294C295D296C297E1:0100330022AA:10003400C290D291C292D293C294D295C296D297D0:010044002299:0F0045001200237F647E0012000312003480FB40:03000000020054A7:0C005400787FE4F6D8FD758107020045B6:00000001FF4.8.2小车后退部分实现小车的后退操作，通过代码设置小车驱动模块IO，通过0/1信号对小车电机进行控制，实现小车电机反转，小车四个轮子的电机同时向后转动，实现小车向后运行的操作。//包含51单片机头文件，内部有各种寄存器定义 #include<AT89X52.H> //定义小车驱动模块输入IO口sbitIN1=P1^0;sbitIN2=P1^1;sbitIN3=P1^2;sbitIN4=P1^3;sbitIN5=P1^4;sbitIN6=P1^5;sbitIN7=P1^6;sbitIN8=P1^7; //延时函数 voiddelay(unsignedintk){unsignedintx,y;for(x=0;x<k;x++)for(y=0;y<2000;y++);}/***************************************************************///全速前进函数voidrun(void){IN1=1; IN2=0; IN3=1; IN4=0;IN5=1; IN6=0; IN7=1; IN8=0;//P1=0X55;}/**************************************************************///全速后退函数voidbackrun(void){IN1=0; IN2=1; IN3=0; IN4=1;IN5=0; IN6=1; IN7=0; IN8=1;}/*****************************************************************/ //主函数voidmain(void){ run(); //调用前进函数 前进后再进入无限循环小车后退delay(100);while(1) //无限循环{backrun(); //调用后退函数}}4.8.3小车左转部分实现小车的左转操作，通过代码设置小车驱动模块IO，通过0/1信号对小车电机进行控制，实现小车左转，小车左侧两个电机向后转，右侧两个电机向前转，从而实现小车向左转的操作。//全速左转函数voidleftrun(void){IN1=1; IN2=0; IN3=1; IN4=0;IN5=0; IN6=1; IN7=0; IN8=1;}/*****************************************************************///主函数voidmain(void){ run(); //调用前进函数 前进后再进入无限循环小左转delay(100);while(1) //无限循环{leftrun(); //调用左转函数}}4.8.4小车右转部分实现小车的右转操作，通过代码设置小车驱动模块IO，通过0/1信号对小车电机进行控制，实现小车右转，小车右侧两个电机向后转，左侧两个电机向前转，从而实现小车向右转的操作。//全速右转函数voidrightrun(void){IN1=0; IN2=1; IN3=0; IN4=1;IN5=1; IN6=0; IN7=1; IN8=0;}/***************************************************************///主函数voidmain(void){ run(); //调用前进函数 前进后再进入无限循环小右转delay(100);while(1) //无限循环{rightrun(); //调用右转函数}}4.8.5小车前进后退//主函数voidmain(void){run(); //调用前进函数 前进后再进入无限循环前进再后退运动 delay(100);while(1) //无限循环{run(); //调用前进函数delay(200);backrun(); //调用后退函数delay(200);}}4.8.6小车前后左右//电机停止转动函数voidstop(void){IN1=0; IN2=0; IN3=0; IN4=0;IN5=0; IN6=0; IN7=0; IN8=0;//P1=0X00;}/*******************************************************************///主函数voidmain(void){ run(); //调用前进函数 前进后再进入无限循环前进再后退运动delay(100);while(1) //无限循环{run(); //调用前进函数delay(200);backrun(); //调用后退函数delay(200);leftrun(); //调用左转函数delay(200);rightrun(); //调用右转函数delay(200);stop(); //调用停止转动函数delay(800);delay(800);delay(800);delay(800);delay(800);delay(800);delay(800);delay(800);delay(800); }}4.8.7小车综合实验将前进后退左转右转函数写入头文件头文件：#ifndef_LED_H_#define_LED_H_//定义小车驱动模块输入IO口sbitIN1=P1^0;sbitIN2=P1^1;sbitIN3=P1^2;sbitIN4=P1^3;sbitIN5=P1^4;sbitIN6=P1^5;sbitIN7=P1^6;sbitIN8=P1^7; //延时函数 voiddelay(unsignedintk){unsignedintx,y;for(x=0;x<k;x++)for(y=0;y<2000;y++);}/*******************************************************************///全速前进函数voidrun(void){IN1=1; IN2=0; IN3=1; IN4=0;IN5=1; IN6=0; IN7=1; IN8=0;//P1=0X55;}/*******************************************************************///全速后退函数voidbackrun(void){IN1=0; IN2=1; IN3=0; IN4=1;IN5=0; IN6=1; IN7=0; IN8=1;}/*******************************************************************///全速左转函数voidleftrun(void){IN1=1; IN2=0; IN3=1; IN4=0;IN5=0; IN6=1; IN7=0; IN8=1;}/******************************************************************///全速右转函数voidrightrun(void){IN1=0; IN2=1; IN3=0; IN4=1;IN5=1; IN6=0; IN7=1; IN8=0;}/*******************************************************************///电机停止转动函数voidstop(void){IN1=0; IN2=0; IN3=0; IN4=0;IN5=0; IN6=0; IN7=0; IN8=0;//P1=0X00;}/******************************************************************/#endifMain.c#include<AT89X52.H> //包含51单片机头文件，内部有各种寄存器定义#include<HJ-4WD.H> //包含小车驱动IO口定义等函数//主函数voidmain(void){ run(); //调用前进函数 前进后再进入无限循环前进再后退运动delay(100);while(1) //无限循环{run(); //调用前进函数delay(200);backrun(); //调用后退函数delay(200);leftrun(); //调用左转函数delay(200);rightrun(); //调用右转函数delay(200);stop(); //调用停止转动函数delay(800);delay(800);delay(800);delay(800);delay(800);delay(800);delay(800);delay(800);delay(800); }}4.8.8小车遥控实验通过遥控器发送信号给小车的无线模块，信号中传输遥控器的按键信息，根据信号，调用对应的小车的前进后退函数，从而实现小车遥控。/*******************************************************************无线模块有7条线定义：无线摇控模块与单片机连接无线模块GND+5取自于单片机板的5V输出P0_7与无线模块D0相连P0_6与无线模块D1相连P0_5与无线模块D2相连P0_4与无线模块D3相连把无线模块插入单片机J4（LCD1602右边上J10位置有写GNDVCCD3D2D1D0VT）接口中 不要接错线，否则烧坏模块************************************************************************/#include<AT89x51.H>//小车驱动接线定义#defineLeft_moto_go {P1_4=1,P1_5=0,P1_6=1,P1_7=0;}//左边两个电机向前走#defineLeft_moto_back {P1_4=0,P1_5=1,P1_6=0,P1_7=1;}//左边两个电机向后转#defineLeft_moto_Stop {P1_4=0,P1_5=0,P1_6=0,P1_7=0;}//左边两个电机停转#defineRight_moto_go {P1_0=1,P1_1=0,P1_2=1,P1_3=0;}//右边两个电机向前走#defineRight_moto_back {P1_0=0,P1_1=1,P1_2=0,P1_3=1;}//右边两个电机向后走#defineRight_moto_Stop {P1_0=0,P1_1=0,P1_2=0,P1_3=0;}//右边两个电机停转/********************************************************************///延时函数voiddelay(unsignedintk){unsignedintx,y;for(x=0;x<k;x++)for(y=0;y<2000;y++);}/********************************************************************///全速前进voidrun(void){Left_moto_go; //左电机往前走Right_moto_go; //右电机往前走}//全速后退voidbackrun(void){Left_moto_back; //左电机往前走Right_moto_back; //右电机往前走}//左转voidleftrun(void){Left_moto_back; //左电机往前走Right_moto_go; //右电机往前走}//右转voidrightrun(void){Left_moto_go; //左电机往前走Right_moto_back; //右电机往前走}//STOPvoidstoprun(void){Left_moto_Stop; //左电机停止Right_moto_Stop; //右电机停止}/******************************************************************//*--主函数--*/voidmain(void){while(1) /*无限循环*/{if(P0_7==1&&P0_6==0) //按了B按键小车前进run();if(P0_6==1&&P0_7==0) //按了D按键小车后退backrun();if(P0_5==1) //按了A按键小车左转leftrun();if(P0_4==1) //按了C按键小车右转rightrun();if(P0_7==1&&P0_6==1) //同时按下B与D小车停止{stoprun();}}}

5调试与测试5.1进行小车前进测试小车的前进代码产生的hex文件如上所述下载到小车上。图5-1前进测试附图打开电源测试小车。5.2进行小车后退测试小车的后退代码产生的hex文件如上所述下载到小车上。图5-2后退测试附图打开电源测试小车。5.3进行小车左转测试小车的左转代码产生的hex文件如上所述下载到小车上。图5-3小车左转测试附图打开电源测试小车。5.4进行小车右转测试小车的右转代码产生的hex文件如上所述下载到小车上。图5-4小车右转测试附图打开电源测试小车。5.5进行小车前后左右综合测试小车的前后左右代码产生的hex文件如上所述下载到小车上。打开电源测试小车。各个功能都可以如此进行测试，小车能正常跑起来的话便可以证明图5-5小车前后左右测试附图小车的代码基本没有错误，如果小车并没有按照预期运行，按步骤查找错误。若是前进后退等测试都成功，错误应该不是硬件，要再回头查看代码，找出错误，修改代码，再次进行测试。

参考文献李文胜.基于树莓派的嵌入式Linux开发教学探索[J].电子技术与软件工程,2014(9):219-220.叶飞,李莉,江涛,等.树莓派(RaspberryPi)在冷链监控系统中应用的探讨[J].中国管理信息化,2014(18):43-44.冯志辉.使用树莓派实现网络监控系统[J].电子技术与软件工程,2015(5):85-85.李龙棋,方美发,唐晓腾.树莓派平台下的实时监控系统开发[J].闽江学院学报,2014,35(5):67-72.汪鑫,彭雨薇.基于树莓派的网络监控系统的研究与实现[J].硅谷,2014(14):25-26.苏祥林,陈文艺,闫洒洒.基于树莓派的物联网开放平台[J].电子科技,2015(9):35-37.高峰,陈雄,陈婉秋.基于树莓派B＋微处理器的视频检测跟踪系统[J].电视技术,2015,39(19):105-108.VecchioJAD.Acloudwithoutdoubt-strawberry-raspberrychiffonpie-BriefArticle-Recipe[J].Sunset,2000(June).DonatW.IntroducingtheRaspberryPi[M]//LearnRaspberryPiProgrammingwithPython.Apress,2014:1-14.UptonE,HalfacreeG.RaspberryPiUserGuide[J].HardwareArchitecture,2012.

致谢时间过得飞快，转眼大学四年就要结束了，在这毕业的季节里，回首之前的时光，有着努力与奋斗的汗水，也有着浓浓的不舍，大学以其优良的学习风气、严谨的科研氛围教我求学，以其博大包容的情怀胸襟、浪漫充实的校园生活育我成人。值此毕业论文完成之际，我谨向所有关心、爱护、帮助我的人们表示最诚挚的感谢与最美好的祝愿。本论文是在指导老师的悉心指导下完成的。大学四年来，学校的老师帮了我很多，老师们都学识渊博，经验丰富，我从老师那确实学到了很多有用的知识，同时老师的为人处世也对我影响深远。大四在校外，基地的老师也将自己所学以及自己多年积累下来的工作经验全部拿出来跟我们分享，老师付出了很多，在此，我对导师的帮助表示深深的感谢。本论文的完成，离不开老师与同学的帮助，在我选题，初稿，预答辩期间，他们都给了我很多宝贵的意见，还在我有技术难题的时候，细心给我指导，给我鼓励，感谢各位老师和同学的帮助。在这次的毕业设计中，我学到了很多，成长了不少，对我即将步入社会也有很多益处，我倍感珍惜。

外文资料SCMembeddedsystems1.ThedevelopmentofsimulatorThroughoutnearlytwodecadesofnationaldevelopmentprocessofsimulationtechnology,accordingtosimulatortechnologytobeusedtodividethedomesticaboutthedesignofsimulatorscanbedividedintothefollowingperiods:1）thelate70sinthemid-80Thetechnologyduringthisperiodwasmainlythedevelopmentofsimulationsystems,nowisnothightechnology,theuserrequestisnothigh.2）thelate80'sduringthelate-90ThemainuseofthisperiodwithanemulationfunctionWinbondchipproduction,thetechnologyiscalledBondout.Usingthischiptogreatlysimplifythedesignofemulator,sothestandardofdomesticemulatorwithalargeincreasecanbelargelyoccupiedbytheuserresources.Simulationperformanceisduetotheincreaseindomesticproductionintheemulatornearly10yearsnoprogresshasbeenproducedusingthismodel.Althoughindividualcompanieshavealsotriedothertechniquestoimprovethesimulationofthestandard,forexample,HOOKStechnology,butbecauseoftheirtechnicallimitationsdidnotsucceed.InsteadabroadearliersimulatortechnologyusedHOOKS,HOOKSattheinitialstageduetothecomplexityofthetechnologyitself,simulationperformanceandpriceasthedomesticuseofthesimulatorBondout.WiththedevelopmentofICtechnology,thedomesticproductionHOOKStechnologyisripe,butseveralmajordomesticmanufacturersalsoBondouttechnologiesintoxicated.3）After2000yearChinain2000emulatorperiodchangesinthemarket,thelargest,themoststrikingchangeistheWinbondW78958chipsimulationoftheproduction.WinbondW78958chipduringthedesignstage,theinternalfunctionsofthesimulationonlytotheproductionsimulatortosimulatormanufacturersinordertobetterpromotetheW78958.Afterseveralyearsofchange,however,W78958simulatorevolvedintotheuseofasimulationoftheASICratherthanusingthestandardchip,thescopeofuseislimitedtodomesticand20,000ayearlessthantheamountthecompanyalsocontributedtotheWinbondAfterenteringin2002announcedthatitwouldstopproductionofthechip.W78958production,thedomesticmanufacturerssimulatorinaveryembarrassingsituation.W78958useathomeasaresultofnearly10years,thedomesticuserbaseisverylarge,theseuserswillnotbeabletoreceivecontinuedsupport,especiallymaintenance.Inaddition,thedomesticfocusintheW78958onthetechnicalworkdonecannotberenewedandimproved,manypeopleintheindustrythattheindustrywillfaceasimulatortosetuporre-shuffleofthesituation.HOOKSsimulatortechnologyisnodoubtW78958manufacturersafterthelossofalternatives,buttheabsenceoflong-termfollow-upandattention,nottheshorttermthemajorityofmanufacturersofcomplexHOOKSmaturetechnologyproducts.Expertsbelievethattheoverallsimulatormanufacturersintransitionmayneed2-3yearsofthecycle,andthereisconsiderablesimulatormanufacturerswillbeeliminated,themarketwillhavemainlyconcentratedinafewsimulatormanufacturers.Chipmanufacturersasmoreandmoreresourcesgettingstrongerandstronger,withchiptochipcompatiblesimulationsimulationmodel,thereisincompletecoverageofresources(suchasadditionalports,additionalexternalinterrupt),addressdifferentdistribution(suchastheP4I),tooperateindifferentways(suchasEXTRAM,WTD)andothershortcomings.SimulationwithadedicatedchiptochiporPhilipssimulationofmorethan20manufacturersmorethan400kindsofchips,thefirstsimulationrequiredmoreandmore,sothere'sanewgenerationofsimulatortechnology.Butanewgenerationofpatentedtechnologymakesthesimulatorthereisnoeconomicpowercannotaffordtobuythebeginners.2.Thedevelopmenttrendofsingle-chipItcanbesaidnowisasingle-chipopinionsoftheperiod,theworld'smajorchipmanufacturingcompanieshaveintroducedtheirownsingle-chip,fromthe8,16-32,justtonameafew,everything,itiscompatiblewithmainstreamC51seriesof,therearenotcompatible,buttheyowneachotherintoeachother,forSCMapplicationsworldwide.Throughoutthedevelopmentprocessofsingle-chip,youcanindicatethedevelopmenttrendofsingle-chip,generallyare:1）Low-powerCMOStechnologyMCS-51seriesof8031introducedthepowerconsumptionof630mW,andnowwidespreadinthesingle-chip100mWorso,withthegrowingdemandforlow-powersingle-chip,andnowallthebasicsingle-chipmanufacturersareuseofCMOS(complementarymetaloxidesemiconductorprocess).Asthe80C51ontheuseofHMOS(highdensitymetaloxidesemiconductorprocess)andCHMOS(high-densitycomplementarymetaloxidesemiconductorprocess).AlthoughtheCMOSlowpowerconsumption,butbecauseofitsphysicalcharacteristicstodetermineitsspeedisnothighenough,andthenCHMOSwithhigh-speedandlowpowerconsumptioncharacteristicsofthesefeatures,itismoresuitableinlowpowerconsumption,asbattery-poweredapplications.Therefore,theprocessforsometimetocomewillbethemainwaytodevelopsingle-chip2）Ofmicro-chipNowaregenerallyinconventionalsingle-chipwillbethecentralprocessingunit(CPU),randomaccessdatastorage(RAM),read-onlyprogrammemory(ROM),parallelandserialcommunicationinterface,systeminterruption,timingcircuits,integratedcircuitclockinasinglechip,enhancedsingle-chipintegration,suchasA/Dconverter,PMW(pulsewidthmodulationcircuit),WDT(watchdog),andsomewillbesingle-chipLCD(LCD)driverintegratedcircuitsareinasinglechip,thisunitincludessingle-chipcircuitsonmoreandmorepowerfulfeatures.Evensingle-chipmanufacturerscanalsobetailoredinaccordancewiththerequirementsofusers,tocreateasinglechipwithitsownchipcharacteristics.Inaddition,theproductisnowtheuniversaldemandofsmallsize,lightweight,whichrequiresinadditiontopowerfulsingle-chipandlowpowerconsumption,butalsoitssmallersize.Manynowhaveavarietyofsingle-chippackage,whichSMD(surfacemount)isgainingpopularity,makingthesystemconstitutedbythesingle-chipmicro-movinginthedirectionofdevelopment.3）Themainstreamandmulti-speciescoexistenceAlthoughawidevarietyofsingle-chip,unique,butstillsingle-chipmicrocomputer80C51prevailingatthecore,compatiblewithitsstructureandcommandsystemofPHILIPSproducts,ATMELcompany'sproductsandChinaTaiwan'sWinbondSeriesSinglemachine.Therefore,single-chipmicrocomputerasthecoreC8051occupiedthehalf.Microchip'sPICandreducedinstructionset(RISC)hasastrongdevelopmentmomentumofChinaTaiwanHOLTEKsingle-chipcompaniesinrecentyears,increasingproduction,withitshighqualitylow-costadvantages,tooccupyacertainmarketshare.MOTOROLAadditiontothecompany'sproducts,severallargecompaniesinJapan'sexclusivesingle-chipmicrocomputer.Acertainperiodoftime,thissituationwillcontinuetobeupheld,therewillnotbeasingle-chipmonopolydomination,takingthecomplementaryinterdependence,complementarityandcommondevelopment.3.Thetechnicaldevelopmentofdigitalsingle-chipThenumberofsingle-chiptechnologyisreflectedintheinternalstructure,powerconsumption,aswellastheexternalvoltagelevelonthemanufacturingprocess.Intheseareas,moretypicallydescribesthenumberofsingle-chiplevel.Atthemoment,usersneedmoreandmoresingle-chip,butgettinghigherandhigherrequirements.Thefollowingfourareasonwhichthetechnologicalprogressthatthesituationofsingle-chipmicrocomputer.1）TheinternalstructureoftheprogressSingle-chipintegratedin-househasbeenanincreasingnumberofparts,thesepartsincludecommonlyusedcircuits,suchas:timers,comparators,A/Dconverter,D/Aconverters,serialcommunicationinterface,Watchdogcircuit,LCDcontroller.Somesingle-chipcontrolnetworkinordertoconstituteorformalocalnetwork,theinternallocalareanetworkcontrolmodulecontainstheCAN.Forexample,Infineon'sC505C,C515C,C167CR,C167CS-32FM,81C90;Motorola's68HC08AZseries.EspeciallyintheC167CS-32FMinsingle-chip,alsocontainstwointernalCAN.Therefore,suchsingle-chipnetworksareveryeasytopose.Especiallyinthecontrolsystemmorecomplicated,theconstituteaveryusefulcontrolnetwork.Inordertofacilitatetheuseofvariablefrequencycontrolofsingle-chip,toformthemostcost-effectiveembeddedcontrolsystems.Somesetupaspecialsingle-chipinternalcontrolforvariablefrequencypulsewidthmodulationcontrolcircuit,thesingle-chipmicrocomputerhasFujitsu'sMB89850seriesofcompanies,MB89860series;Motorola'sMC68HC08MR16,MR24andsoon.Inthesesingle-chip,thepulsewidthmodulationcircuit6-channeloutput,canproducethree-phasePWMACvoltage,andinternalcontrolwithdead-zonefunction.Ofparticularnoteare:Itisnowsomehaveadoptedtheso-calledsingle-chiptrinuclear(TrCore)structure.Thisisasystem-levelchipsbuiltonthe(Systemonachip)onthestructureoftheconcept.Thissingle-chipconsistsofthreecorecomponents:amicro-controllerandtheDSPcore,adataandprogrammemoryisnuclearandthelastoneistheexternalapplicationspecificintegratedcircuit(ASIC).Themostimportantfeatureofthissingle-chipistheDSPandmicrocontrolleratthesametimedosoinachip.Althoughthestructuredefinition,DSPisatypeofsingle-chip,butitsroleismainlyseeninthehigh-speedcomputingandspecialtreatmentasabove,suchasfastFouriertransform.Itcombinestraditionalsingle-chipintegratedsingle-chipgreatlyenhancedfunctionality.Thisisthesingle-chip,oneofthegreatestprogress.Thissingle-chipmicrocomputerhasthemosttypicalInfineon'sTC10GP;Hitachi'sSH7410,SH7612andsoon.Thesearehigh-endsingle-chipsingle-chip,MCUis32andtheDSP16or32-bitstructure,thefrequencyof60MHzormoregenerally.2）Powerconsumption,packagingandpowersupplyvoltageoftheprogressNowthenewsingle-chippowerconsumptionisgettingsmallerandsmaller,especiallythemanysingle-chipareavarietyofworksettings,whichincludewaiting,suspended,sleep,idle,power-savingmodeandsoon.P87LPC762single-chipcompanyPhilipsisaverytypicalexample,inidle,thepowerconsumptionis1.5mA,whileinpower-savingmode,thepowerconsumptionisonly0.5mA.InthemostamazingpowerisTI'sMSP430familyofsinglechip,itisaseriesof16,thereareultra-lowpowerwork.Itslow-powerwayLPM1,LPM3,LPM4three.Whenthepowersupplyto3V,iftheworkintheLMP1,eveniftheexternalcircuitisactive,inactiveasaresultofCPU,oscillatorat1~4MHz,whenpowerconsumptionisonly50µA.InLPM3,theoscillatorat32kHz,thispowerconsumptionisonly1.3µA.InLPM4when,CPU,peripheralsandnottheactivitiesof32kHzoscillator,thepowerconsumptionisonly0.1µA.Nowthelevelofsingle-chippackagehasbeengreatlyenhanced,withtheemergenceofchiptechnology,alargenumberofsingle-chipalsousedavarietyofchiptechnologyinlinewiththepackageappearstosignificantlyreducethevolume.Inthissituation,Microchiphasintroducedthesingle-chip8-pinspecialattention.ThisisPIC12CXXXseries.Itcontains0.5~2Kprogrammemory,25~128bytesofdatamemory,6I/Oportandatimer,andsomealsowithfourA/D,fullyabletomeetanumberoflow-gradesystem.Toexpandthescopeofsupplyvoltageandlowvoltageworkisstilltodayoneoftheobjectivesofsingle-chipdevelopment.Atthemoment,itcanbesingle-chip3.3~5.5Vconditions.Andsomemanufacturers,itcanproduce2.2~6Vtoworkundertheconditionsofthesinglechip.Thesesingle-chipcompaniesareFujitsu'sMB89191~89195,MB89121~125A,MB89130series,itshouldbesaidthatthecompany'sF2MC-8LMCUmeetthevastmajorityofthe2.2~6Voperatingvoltageconditions.MSP430X11XandTI'sfamilyofoperatingvoltageisaslowas2.2V's.3）TheprogressoftechnologyBasically,thecurrentsingle-chipCMOStechnologyused,butmostuse0.6µMabovethelithographyprocess,thereareindividualcompaniessuchasMotorolaInc.havebeenusing0.35µMoreven0.25µMtechnology.Thesetechnologicaladvancesgreatlyimprovedtheinternalsingle-chipdensityandreliability.4.Embeddedsystemasthecoreofasingle-chipSCMisanewnameembeddedmicro-controller,becauseitcanbeembeddedintoanymicro-orsmall-scaleequipmentorequipment.Atpresent,thesingle-chipembeddedsystemsandInternetconnectivityisatrend.However,Internethasbeenusedasafatserver,thinmachinetechnologyusers.ThistechnologyontheInternettostoreandaccesslargeamountsofdataisappropriate,butforcontrolofembeddeddeviceshasbecomethe"sledgehammercrackinganut,"the.EmbeddeddevicestoachieveandInternetconnection,weneedtheInternettothetraditionaltheoryandpracticeofembeddeddevicesarereversed.Inordertomakecomplexorsimpleembeddeddevices,suchassingle-chipmicrocomputer-controlledmachinetools,single-chipmicrocomputer-controlleddoorlocks,canbepracticalandInternetconnection,requiresspecializedequipmentfortheembeddedmicrocontrollerdesignawebservertoembeddevicescanbeconnectedtoInternet,andthroughastandardWebbrowsertoprocesscontrol.Atpresent,inordertosingle-chipmicrocomputerasthecoreofembeddedsystemsandInternetconnectedcompanies,therearemanymorestudiesinthisarea.MoretypicalinthisregardhaveemWareandTASKINGcompany.EmbeddedsystemscompaniesemWarenetworkprogram-EMITtechnology.Thistechnologyconsistsofthreemainparts:theemMicro,emGatewayandwebbrowser.Which,emMicroembeddeddevicesisa1K-bytememorycapacityaccountedforonlyaverysmallwebservers;emGatewaystrongerasafunctionoftheuserorserver,anditisusedtoachievemorethanthemanagementofembeddeddevices,aswellasstandardaccesstheInternetcommunications,aswellasthesupportofawebbrowser.WebbrowsersusetodisplayandembeddedemObjictsdatatransmissionbetweendevices.Ifsufficientresourcesembeddeddevices,whileatthesametimeemMicroandemGatewayintoembeddeddevices,toachievedirectaccesstotheInternet.Otherwise,itwillrequireawebbrowseremGatewayandeachother.emWare'sEMITsoftwaretechnologyusingstandardInternetprotocolfor8-bitand16-bitembeddeddevicestomanage,butcostsmuchlesstraditional.Atpresent,single-chipapplications,anewproblem:Thisishowtomakethe8-bit,16-bitsingle-chipmicrocomputertocontroltheproduct,orembeddedproductsorequipmenttoachievetheinterconnectionandtheInternet?TASKINGisnowtosolvethisproblemmeans.ThecompanyhasemWareofEMITsoftwarepackagesandrelatedsupportingintegration,theformationofanintegrateddevelopmentenvironment,toprovideuserswithconvenientdevelopment.EmbeddedInternetUnionETI(embedtheInternetConsortium)istoworkcloselywiththedevelopmentofembeddedInternetsolutions.Resultsinthenearfuturetherewillbepublished.5.Technologydevelopmentofthereliabilityofsingle-chipapplicationInsingle-chipapplications,reliabilityistheprimaryfactorintheapplicationofSCMinordertoexpandthescopeandareastoimprovethereliabilityofitssingle-chipisaneffectivemethod.Inrecentyears,manufacturersofsingle-chipsingle-chipdesignintheuseofavarietyofnewtechnologiestoimprovereliability,theperformanceofthesenewtechnologiesinthefollowingpoints:1）EFT(ElectricalFastTransient)technology2）EFTisananti-jammingtechnology,whichisdefinedasthesinusoidalsignaloscillationcircuitoutsideinterference,thewaveformwillbeavarietyofDeburringsignalsuperposition,ifyouusetheirplasticSchmidtcircuit,itwillbecomeaburrtriggersignalsinterferewiththenormalclock,inthealternateuseofSchmittcircuitandRCfiltercircuit,itcanbeeliminatedortheirroleinthesegrossfailuretoensurethattheclocksignalsystemsworkproperly.Inthisway,asinglechiptoenhancethereliabilityofthework.Motorola'sMC68HC08familyofsinglechipontheuseofthistechnology.Low-noisecablingtechnologyanddrivetechnologyInatraditionalsingle-chip,thepowerandgroundwireintheintegratedcircuitpinsymmetricshell,thegeneralisintheupperleft,lowerrightorupperright,lowerleftofthetwopairsofsymmetricpoints.Inthisway,sothatpowersupplynoiseonthechipthroughtheblockofsingle-chipinterferencecausedbytheinternalcircuit.Now,putalotofsingle-chippowerpinarrangementandthetwoadjacentpins.Inthisway,notonlyreducesthecurrentthroughtheentirechip,whilestilleasytolayoutprintedcircuitboarddecouplingcapacitor,thusreducingsystemnoise.Nowinordertomeettheneedsofawiderangeofapplications,manysingle-chipoutputcapacityhasbeengreatlyimproved,Motorola'ssingle-chipI/Oportoftheirrigationofupto8mAcurrentpullover,andMicrochip'ssingle-chipcanbeupto25mA.Othercompanies:AMD,Fujitsu,NEC,Infineon,Hitachi,Atmel,Toshibabasicallybeenabletoachieve,suchasthelevelof8~20mA.Theselargecurrentdrivecircuitchipintegratedintotheworkofbringinginallkindsofnoise,inordertoreducethisimpact,andnowtheuseofanumberofsmallsingle-chipparalleltubeequivalentwaysofalargepipe,andineachsmalltubedifferentoutputequivalentseriesresistance