专题八-过去完成时-将来完成时

过去完成时态与语态过去将来时态与语态将来完成进行时态（一般了解）将来完成时态与语态过去完成时态与语态一、定义表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。二、过去完成时态、语态和例句

主动语态被动语态结构had＋donehad＋been＋done例句(1)TheyhadfinishedtheirhomeworkbeforeIgothome.(2)Bynineo'clocklastnight，wehadfinishedmostofthework.(1)TheirhomeworkhadbeenfinishedbeforeIgothome.(2)Bynineo'clocklastnight，mostoftheworkhadbeenfinishedbyus.三、过去完成时态和语态的用法1．表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。用在when,before,after,by,until,hardly…when…，nosooner…than…，bytheendof…，bythetime＋从句引导的状语从句中，先发生的动作通常需用过去完成时态表示。(1)Ihadbeenherefortwohourswhenhecametoseeme.当他来看我时，我已在这里两个小时了。(2)Aftermyhomeworkhadbeendone,Iwenttobed.做完作业后我就上床睡觉了。(3)Ididn'treachthestationuntilthetrainhadleft.直到火车开走了我才到火车站。(4)Hehadhardlyenteredthestationwhenthetrainleft.他一到火车站，火车就开走了。(5)Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantosnow.我一进入房间就下雪了。(6)Wehadgoteverythingreadybythetimetheyarrived.在他们到达之前，我们已准备好一切了。三、过去完成时态和语态的用法1．表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。用在when,before,after,by,until,hardly…when…，nosooner…than…，bytheendof…，bythetime＋从句引导的状语从句中，先发生的动作通常需用过去完成时态表示。(1)Ihadbeenherefortwohourswhenhecametoseeme.当他来看我时，我已在这里两个小时了。(2)Aftermyhomeworkhadbeendone,Iwenttobed.做完作业后我就上床睡觉了。(3)Ididn'treachthestationuntilthetrainhadleft.直到火车开走了我才到火车站。(4)Hehadhardlyenteredthestationwhenthetrainleft.他一到火车站，火车就开走了。(5)Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantosnow.我一进入房间就下雪了。(6)Wehadgoteverythingreadybythetimetheyarrived.在他们到达之前，我们已准备好一切了。2．在said,asked和told引导的宾语从句中。Shesaidthatshehadworkedinthatcountrysince2017.她说从2017年起她就在那个国家工作了。3．动词hope,expect,intend,plan,think等用过去完成时表未实现的愿望、打算。(1)IhadhopedthatIcoulddothejob.我本来希望我能够做那个工作。(2)Ihadintendedtoseeyou，butIwastoobusy.我原本打算去看你的，但是我太忙了。4．过去完成时态的固定句型。(1)Itwas＋时间段＋since从句(从句用过去完成时态)Itwasatleast3monthssinceIhadleftBeijing.我离开北京至少有3个月了。(2)Itwasthefirst/second/…time＋that从句(从句用过去完成时态)ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadchattedonlineinEnglish.那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。(3)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句用过去式，定语从句动作在主句动作之前，则从句用过去完成时态。Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她找到了她丢失的那把钥匙。1．Mr.Benson________________(teach)himselfabstractphysicsbythetimehewas15.2．BytheendoflasttermwehadstudiedEnglishfortwoyears.→BytheendoflasttermEnglish________________fortwoyears.3．WhenJackarrived,helearnedMary________foralmostanhour.A．hadgone

B．hadsetoff

C．hadbeenaway

D．hadleft4．I________tocatchthe10:00train，butIfounditwasgone.A．hadhoped

B．hoped

C．hope

D．havehoped5．WhenIgotthere,thefilm________.A．hasbegun

B．began

C．beginning

D．hadbegunExercise8hadtaughthadbeenstudiedCADTheplane________whenwegottotheairport.(2016年)A．hadtakenoff

B．hastakenoff

C．willtakeoff

D．istakingoff高考链接7A过去将来时态与语态一、定义表示对于过去来说的将来时间的动词形式。常为would/should＋do形式，一般用于主句谓语为过去时的宾语从句中，常见的时间状语有：thenext(following)morning/day，twohours/dayslater等。二、过去将来时态、语态和例句

主动语态被动语态结构(1)would＋do(2)was/weregoingto＋do(1)would＋bedone(2)was/weregoingto＋bedone例句Hesaidhewouldshowmearoundtheirschool.HesaidIwouldbeshownaroundtheirschool.三、过去将来时态与语态的用法1．表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。(1)Shesaidshewouldgotoattendameetingthenextmorning.她说第二天早上她要参加一个会议。(2)Mymotherwonderedwhenheradvicewouldbefollowedbyme.我妈妈想知道我什么时候会听从她的建议。2．was/weregoingto＋do也表示对于过去来说的将来的主观打算和客观判断。Hesaidhewasgoingtogeteverythingreadybythenextday.他说他打算在第二天前把一切准备好。Theradiosaiditwasgoingtosnowtomorrow.广播说明天会下雪。3．某些含有“往来”的短暂性动词go,come,arrive,leave,takeoff等的过去进行时也可用来表示过去将来。HesaidhewasleavingforShanghaithenextweek.他说他下个星期会前往上海。Hesaidthathe________acomputerverysoon.(2014年)A．willbuy

B．hadbought

C．wouldbuy

D．bought1．Hesaidhewouldlearn2000Englishwordsbyheart.→Hesaid2000Englishwords________________byheart.2．Iwas________togooutwhenthetelephonerang.Exercise9高考链接8wouldbelearnedgoingC将来完成进行时态（一般了解）一、定义将来完成进行时表示某一动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间(即说话者提及的时间)，是否继续下去要视上下文而定。二、将来完成进行时态和例句(1)Bythistimenextweek,Iwillhavebeenworkingforthiscompanyfor24years.到下星期此刻，我已经为该公司干了24年了。(2)Ifwedon'thurryup，thestorewillhavebeenclosingbeforewegetthere.咱们若不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。三、将来完成进行时由“will/shallhavebeen＋现在分词”构成(1)Bytheendofthisyearhe'llhavebeenactingforthirtyyears.到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。(2)Ishallhavebeenworkinghereinthisfactoryfortwentyyearsbytheendoftheyear.到今年年底，我在这个工厂工作就有20年了。将来完成时态与语态一、定义将来完成时态表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before＋将来时间或by＋将来时间连用，也可与before或bythetime短语引导的现在时的从句连用。二、将来完成时态、语态和例句

主动语态被动语态结构shall/willhave＋过去分词shall/willhave＋been＋过去分词例句Beforelong,hewillhaveforgottenallaboutthismatter.Beforelong,allaboutthismatterwillhavebeenforgottenbyhim.三、将来完成时态与语态的用法1．表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。(1)Twelveunitsshallhavebeenlearnedbyusbytheendofthisterm.到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。(2)Bythetimeyougethome，Iwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。2．在时间状语从句中，用现在完成时态代替将来完成时态来表示将来某一时刻以前已完成的动作。Don'tgetoffuntilthebushasstopped.车停了你才下车。Ihopethey________thishousebythetimewecomebacknextautumn.(2013年)A．havebuilt

B．willbuild

C．willhavebuilt

D．aretobuild高考链接9C被动语态应注意的问题一、8种基本形式的被动语态结构1．Theydotheirhomeworkeveryday.他们每天做作业。→Theirhomeworkisdone

bythemeveryday.2．ThepolicemansenthimtohospitallastSunday.这位警察上个星期日把他送到了医院。→Hewassent

tohospitalbythepolicemanlastSunday.3．Wewillrepairthesedesksnextyear.明年我们将修理这些课桌。→Thesedeskswillbe

repairedbyusnextyear.4．Thechildrenareplayingbasketballnow.孩子们正在打篮球。→Basketballisbeingplayed

bythechildrennow.5．TheywerediscussingtheproblemwhenIenteredthemeetingroom.我走进会议室时，他们正在讨论这个问题。→WhenIenteredthemeetingroom,theproblemwasbeingdiscussed

bythem.6．Wehavealreadycleanedtheblackboard.我们已经擦了黑板了。→Theblackboardhasalreadybeencleaned

byus.7．WhenIgottotheclassroom,thestudentshadturnedoffallthelights.我到教室时，学生们已经把所有的灯都关了。→WhenIgottotheclassroom,allthelightshadbeenturned

offbythestudents.8．Theteachertoldusthatwewouldfinishtheworkintwoweeks.老师告诉我们两周内我们要完成这个工作。→Theteachertoldusthattheworkwouldbefinishedbyusintwoweeks.二、被动语态的几种特殊结构及注意事项1．情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。Hemustfinishalltheworkbefore5o'clockthisafternoon.他必须在今天下午5点之前完成所有的工作。→Alltheworkmustbefinishedbyhimbefore5o'clockthisafternoon.2．短语动词变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面原有的介词或副词不可遗漏，不可分割。主动：Shetookgoodcareofthechildren.她把这些孩子照顾得很好。被动：Thechildrenweretakengoodcareofbyher.3．含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for(这些动词有teach,show,tell,buy,give,send,take,bring,ask,get,pay,pass,lend,offer,sing等)。Hegavetheboyanapple.Theboywasgivenanapple.(或Anapplewasgiventotheboy.)他给了男孩一个苹果。4．不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to(这些动词有make,let,have,see,hear,notice,watch等词)。Theywatchedthechildrensingthatmorning.Thechildrenwerewatchedtosingthatmorning.他们那天早上观看了孩子们唱歌。三、主动表被动的情况1．系动词feel，smell，sound，taste，look后接形容词或名词。Thedishtastesgood.菜尝起来可口。2．当wash，write，cut，sell表示主语的某种特性时，接副词(well,easily)等，主动表被动。(1)Thepenwritessmoothly.这钢笔写字很流畅。(2)Theclothessellwell.这衣服好卖。3．want，need，require表示“需要”时，后接­ing表被动。Yourhairneedscutting.＝Yourhairneedstobecut.你需要理发了。4．beworth＋doingsth.也表被动。Thebookisworthreading.这书值得一读。5．betoblame主动表被动，译成“该受责备的”或“应承担责任的”。Youaretoblame.你将受到责备。6．“be＋adj.＋todosth.”动词不定式，主动表被动。(1)Thiskindofwaterisn'tfittodrink.这水不适合喝。(2)Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.这问题很难回答。1．—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it________verysoft.A．isfeeling

B．felt

C．feels

D．isfelt2．Thiskindofcloth________________(好洗)．3．Whodoyouthink________fortheaccident?A．toblame

B．tobeblamed

C．istobeblamed

D．istoblame4．Hisshoesrequirerepairing.＝Hisshoesrequire_________________.5．Thebookiseasy_________(读)．6．Sheboughtmeapenyesterday.→Apenwasboughtformebyheryesterday.→Iwasboughtapen________heryesterday.Exercise10CwasheswellDtoberepairedtoreadby7．Hetoldmetowaitforyou.→被动：Iwastold________________foryou.8．Theymadehimcry.→被动：Hewasmade________________.9．Hesawthegirlcleaningtheclassroomyesterday.→Thegirlwasseen__________theclassroomyesterdaybyhim.10．Wemusttakegoodcareoftheyoungtrees.→Theyoungtreesmust________________goodcareof.towaittocrycleaningbetaken四、被动语态的特殊句型1．be(get)＋过去分词。被动形式主动含义例句beseated坐下Pleasebeseated.bedressed穿衣Heisdressedinred.getpaid得到报酬Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.gethurt受伤Hegothurtwhengettingoffthebike.getchanged换衣服Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan'thavetimetogetchangedbeforetheparty.getmarried结婚Hehasgot(been)marriedfor5years.gettreated治疗Thewoundedwillgettreated.belostinthought陷入沉思Hewaslostinthoughtwhenheheardthenews.2.当say,believe,think,report,expect,know等词后接宾语从句时，通常情况下用it作形式主语，原来的宾语从句作为主语从句仍放在谓语动词之后，译成中文为“据……”等。Itissaidthat…“据说……”；Itisreportedthat…“据报道……”；Itishopedthat…“希望……”；Itiswellknownthat…“众所周知……”；Itissuggestedthat…“有人建议……”；Itisexpectedthat…“有望……”。(1)Itissaidthatheisrich.据说他是个富人。(2)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.据报道明天会下雨。3．makeoneselfunderstood/heard使自己被别人理解/听见。(1)Iwilltrymybesttomakemyselfunderstood.我尽力让大家明白我的意思。(2)I'lltrymybesttomakemyselfheard.我将尽力使我自己让他人听清楚。Goodmedicine________bitter.(2012年)A．istasted

B．wastastedC．betastesD．tastes高考链接10D1．Idon'tknowwhenshe________back.Butwhenshe________back,I'llletyouknow.A．comes;comes

B．willcome;willcomeC．comes;willcome

D．willcome;comes重点知识点拨【试题点拨】本题考查宾语从句和主将从现。题意“我不知道她什么时候回来。但当她回来时，我会让你知道的”，由“Idon'tknowwhenshe________back”，when后是宾语从句；“Butwhenshe________back”是状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，根据这一点，A、B、C可直接排除，故选D。D2．ItisreportedthatthebookHarryPotter________intomanylanguagessinceitcameout.A．hasbeentranslated

B．wastranslating

C．wasbeingtranslated

D．willbetranslatingA【试题点拨】本题考查动词的现在完成时和被动语态。题意“《哈利波特》自从出版以来，已被翻译成许多种语言”，since引导的从句用过去时，而主句的动作从过去开始持续到现在，故应使用现在完成时，book与translate之间应为被动关系。因此，正确答案为A。3．Iwillneedonemoreweekbeforethework________.A．finished

B．willbefinished

C．isfinished

D．hasfinishedC【试题点拨】本题考查动词的一般现在时态的被动语态和“主将从现”的用法，因为before引导的从句用的是一般现在时表将来，thework与finish之间构成被动关系，题意为“要完成这项工作，我还需一周”。因此，正确答案为C。Ⅰ.语法选择从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。1．IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She________ataradioshopatthetime.A．hasworked

B．wasworking

C．hadbeenworking

D．hadworked2．Whentheygotthere,thefire________.A．wasputout

B．putout

C．hadputout

D．hadbeenputout3．Tellhimaboutitassoonashe________.A．returns

B．willreturn

C．isreturning

D．isgoingtoreturn4．Look!Anewhospital________nearmyhouse.A．hasbuilt

B．havebuilt

C．isbeingbuilt

D．wasbeingbuilt专题综合训练BDAC5．Tom,guesswhat?I________Michelinthestreetjustnow.A．see

B．saw

C．haveseen

D．hadseen6．Ihavetofinishmyhomeworkbeforemyfather________back,orhewillbeangry.A．comes

B．came

C．hascome

D．willcome7．AftersupperTom________downinbedandsoonfellasleep.(2005年)A．lied

B．lay

C．lain

D．laid8．WeallknowthatthenextOlympicgames________inTokyoin2020becauseofCOVID­19/NCP.A．isbeingputoff

B．willbeputoff

C．hasbeenputoff

D．willbeputtingoff9.Theclassroomhad_______byherstudentswhensheenteredtheclassroom.A.beencleanedB.cleanedC.beingcleanedD.cleanBABBB10．Theteachercameinand___thestudentstodosomeexercises.(2007年)A．totell

B．telling

C．told

D．hadtold11．Ifit________finetomorrow,wewillgooutforapicnic.A．willbe

B．be

C．wouldbe

D．is12.Manybigtreeswerelyingacrosstheroad.They________downintheheavystorm.A.wasbeingblownB.hadbeenblownC.wasblowingD.hadblown13．Don'ttalksoloudly.Yourmother________.A．sleeps

B．hasslept

C．issleeping

D．slept14．Shesaidthatshe________toBeijing.A．hadneverbeen

B．hasbeen

C．wasnever

D．hasneverbeen15．Bequick!Please,Mary,thetrain________at7a．m.A．isstarting

B．hasstarted

C．wouldstart

D．startsDBCADC16．Mr.Smith________moreoftheothersthanhimself，andhesetsagoodexampletous.A．isalwaysthinking

B．isthought

C．wasalwaysthinkingD．isthinking17．He________ameetingthistimetomorrow.A．hashad

B．wouldhave

C．willbehaving

D．washaving18．Iwasastonishedtohearthattheradio________300yuan.A．hascost

B．cost

C．costed

D．wascost19．He________upearlysincehischildhood.A．usedtoget

B．usedtogetting

C．hasbeenusedtogetD．hasbeenusedtogetting20．Herfatherhas________inbedfortwoweeks.A．lay

B．lain

C．beenlying

D．laidCBDBAⅡ.完成句子根据所给汉语提示，完成英语句子。1．Thematerial______________(摸起来很软)．2．Ihaven'tseenyou__________________________(在过去的三年里)．3．One________________(受到惩罚)ifheorshebreaksthelaw.4．LastweekTompromisedthathe______________________________(会来)todaybuthedidn'tarrive.5．BytheendofthiscenturyChina_________________(将变得)muchstrongerandricher.6．PleaseaskTomtocomeherewhen____________(他完成)hiscompositiontonight.7．—Whydoes