西安工程大学人文与社会科学学院《830英语综合知识》历年考研真题汇编

目录

2013年西安工程大学824英语综合知识

考研真题

2014年西安工程大学824英语综合知识

考研真题

2015年西安工程大学827英语综合知识

考研真题

2016年西安工程大学830英语综合知识

考研真题

2017年西安工程大学830英语综合知识

考研真题

2013年西安工程大学824英语综合知识考研真题

I.BrieflydefinethefollowingtermsinEnglishandwritedowntheitem

numbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,2points

each)

1．connotation

2．idiom

3．metonymy

4．alliteration

5．consonant

6．allophones

7．alphabetisms

8．homonym

9．pragmatics

10．degradation

II.BrieflyexplaininEnglishinwhatwaythefollowingtermsaredifferent.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(20points,4pointseach)

1．diachroniclinguisticsandsynchroniclinguistics

2．morphandallomorph

3．surfacestructureanddeepstructure

4．explicitperformanceandimplicitperformance

5．linguisticcontextandnon-linguisticcontext

III.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.Writedowntheitemnumbers

andyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(30points,5pointseach)

1．BrieflydescribethedevelopmentoftheT.G.grammar.

2．Exemplifythebroadandnarrowphoneticstranscription.

3．WhatarethemaincomponentsoftheStandardTheory?Howdoeseach

ofthemworkinthewholeprocessofgeneratingandtransformingsentences?

4．Whatisaperformativeutterance?Howareperformativeutterances

classified?

5．BrieflyexplainthebasicideaoftheSapir-WhorfHypothesisandgive

yourcomments.

6．Onwhatgroundsdolinguistsgrouplanguagesintodifferentfamiliesand

differenttypes?Writeoutthesubfamilies,branchesandthemainmembersof

Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamily.

IV.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Writedowntheitem

numbersandyourchoicesontheANSWERSHEET.(10points,1point

each)

1．_____meansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolize

objects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentatthemomentof

communication.

A.Creativity

B.Arbitrariness

C.Displacement

D.Duality

2．_____putforwardthedistinctionbetweenCompetenceandPerformance.

A.Saussure

B.Chomsky

C.Halliday

D.Lakoff

3．Inhisfamousarticle,LinguisticsandPoetics(1960),_____definedsix

primaryfactorsofanyspeechevent,namely:speaker,addressee,context,

message,code,contact.

A.Jespersen

B.Firth

C.Jacobson

D.Halliday

4．Therelationshipbetween“furniture”and“sofa”is_____.

A.homonymy

B.hyponymy

C.polysemy

D.synonymy

5．_____isagrammaticalcategoryusedfortheanalysisofwordclasses

displayingsuchcontrastsassingular,dual,plural,etc.

A.Lexicon

B.Number

C.Syntax

D.Aspect

6．Whichofthefollowingsoundsdoesnotbelongtotheallomorphsofthe

Englishpluralmorpheme?

A.[si]

B.[iz]

C.[ai]

D.[is]

7．AmericanBlackEnglishis_____.

A.asocialvariety

B.aregionalvariety

C.combinationofsocialandregionaldialect

D.atemporaldialect

8．Pragmaticsisastudyof_____.

A.languagelearning

B.languageacquisition

C.languageplanning

D.languageinuse

9．Theorganizednetworkofknowledgethathelpsastounderstandnew

knowledgeiscalled_____.

A.paradigm

B.aphasia

C.hedge

D.schema

10．Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,

whichare_____orgeneralization.

A.elaboration

B.simplification

C.externalborrowing

D.internalborrowing

V.Fillintheblanks.Writedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointeach)

1．Geographicallyspeaking,thenorthandwestofBritainare_____,while

theeastandsoutheastaremostlylowlands.

2．TheancestorsoftheEnglishare_____,whiletheScots,WelshandIrish

areCelts.

3．Thebattleof_____witnessedthedeathofHaroldinOctober,1066.

4．ThepropertyrecordinWilliam’stimeisknownas_____,whichwas

compiledin1086.

5．JamesIandhissonCharlesIbothbelievedfirmlyin_____.

6．OneoftheconsequencesoftheUpspringin1381wastheemergenceofa

newclassoffarmers.

7．Thepartywhichwinsthesecondlargestnumberofseatsbecomesthe

official_____,withitsownleaderandshadowcabinet.

8．TheultimatecourtofappealincivileasesthroughouttheUKis_____.

9．ThetwoestablishedchurchesinBritainaretheChurchofEnglandand

_____.

10．IntheGreatLake,only_____belongstotheUScompletelywhilethe

otherfouraresharedwithCanada.

VI.Identifytherhetoricaldeviceusedineachofthefollowingsentences.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(10points,1pointeach)

1．Iseealsothedull,drilled,docile,brutishmassesoftheHunsoldiery

ploddingonlikeaswarmofcrawlinglocusts.

2．Thepresidentwasconspicuouslyabsentonthatoccasion.

3．Theassistantkeptarespectfuldistancefromhisbosswhentheywere

walkinginthecorridor.

4．“Heisreallystrange,”hisfriendssaidwhentheyheardhehaddivorced

hisprettyandlovingwife.

5．Thefarmswereshortofhandsduringtheharvestseason.

6．Whenthewarwasover,helaiddowntheswordandlookupthepen.

7．Thematchwillsoonbeoveranddefeatisstaringusintheface.

8．Thestreetfadedintoacountryroadwithstragglinghousesbyit.

9．Themancan’tbetrusted.He’sasslipperyasaneel.

10．Thisbarbarousactwassocivilized.

VII.TranslatethepassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

ManyGermanspeakexcellentEnglish,whereasitisraretofindanon-

GermanwhospeaksexcellentGerman.TheGermanlanguageisdifficult,and

onlyanunusuallywell-preparednegotiatorwilltakethetroubletostudythe

languageaheadofthetime.

Germansocietyisorderedandorderly.Theconceptoftheruleoflawis

constantlyemphasized.Thereareregulationsgoverningmostaspectsoflife

inthecountry.Indeed,manyGermansassumethatanythingnotspecifically

permittedbythelawisforbidden.Thebusinessculturetakesthelawequally

seriously.Businessactivitiesarecarriedout,ingeneral,withinaclearly

definedframework.WheneverGermannegotiatorsexpresstheiragreement

orally,theywillsticktotheirwords.Businessorganizationsarelightand

wellordered.Everyoneknowshisorherfunctionsclearly.Thequalityof

productsandservicesisbelievedtobethekeytosuccess.Hardworkand

efficiencyaretwohighvaluedcharactertraitsforGermans.Itisnot

uncommontoplaceahigherprioritytohiscareerthanhisfamily.

Germansaremorepresent-orientedthanfuture-orientated.Timeschedules

arestrictlyadheredtobytheGermans.Punctualdeliverymeansontheday

precisely.Theylookforconcrete,technicalevidenceofexcellentand

superiorperformanceinproducts.Germansalwaysdotheirhomeworkvery

wellbeforenegotiation.Itishardtobargainwiththem.Thelowpriceand

promptdeliverydatesmatteralottoGermannegotiators.Sincetheyarethe

peoplewhoarealwaysontargetinalmosteverythingtheydo,theyhavea

littletolerancefordelaysindelivery.

Formalityisanecessarysignofrespect.Businessisseriousbusiness.These

arevaluesthatpervadethesocietyandarethefoundationonwhichGerman

businessmenbuild.

VI.TranslatethepassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

几乎所有的人在说话和写作时都引用历史、传说、文学或宗教中的人物

或事件，这些人物或事件就是典故。运用典故不仅可以润饰语言，使之

丰富多彩、生动清晰，而且使人们更易沟通思想。汉语中的“你这个人

真阿Q”这样的话，含义十分明显，无需多做解释。英语和汉语类似，也

有丰富的口头流传和文字记载下来的典故。

有些神话故事在讲英语的国家人人皆知，而有些神话故事在不讲英语的

国家流传甚广。如特洛伊木马的故事可在全世界许多国家的教科书和著

作中找到，常被用来告诫人们要提高警惕，防止内部敌人，不要在可疑

的情况下随便接受貌似无害的礼物。

希腊祌话中普罗米修斯(Prometheus)的故事也许知道的人少一些，但他

对人类的爱，他授予人类的火，他对主神宙斯(Zeus)的蔑视，在威胁和

折磨下坚忍不拔的意志，在各国不同语言的散文和诗歌中都受到高度赞

扬。普罗米修斯在全世界成为热爱人类、反抗压迫的象征。

IX.Writeacompositionon“TraditionalCultureandWesternCulture”onthe

ANSWERSHEET.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeor

experiencetogeneratesupportforyourargument.Yourcompositionshould

beofnolessthan300words.(20points)

2014年西安工程大学824英语综合知识考研真题

I.BrieflydefinethefollowingtermsinEnglishandwritedowntheitem

numbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,2points

each)

1．denotation

2．phonology

3．metonymy

4．vowel

5．consonant

6．allophones

7．deixis

8．homonym

9．pragmatics

10．referent

II.BrieflyexplaininEnglishinwhatwaythefollowingtermsaredifferent.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(20points,4pointseach)

1．linguisticcontextandnon-linguisticcontext

2．morphandallomorph

3．metaphoricalidiomandsimilizedidiom

4．explicitperformanceandimplicitperformance

5．collocativemeaningofawordandthematicmeaningofaword

III.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.Writedowntheitemnumbers

andyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(30points,5pointseach)

1．Brieflyintroducethewaysofdevelopingparagraphs.

2．Exemplifythebroadandnarrowphoneticstranscriptions.

3．Stateparadigmaticandsyntagmaticrelationshipsamonglinguistic

elementsthatmakeupsentences.

4．Whatarethesimilarityanddifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology?

5．BrieflyexplainthebasicideaoftheSapir-WhorfHypothesisandgive

yourcomments.

6．WhatarethebenefitstowriteBookReport?Howtowriteabookreport?

IV.Readthefollowingpassageandanalyzethestylisticfeatures.Writedown

youranalysisontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Itwassixo’clockwhenIfelttheschoolhouse.Ihadsixmilestowalkhome.

ItwouldbeaftersevenwhenIgothome.IhadallmyworktodowhenIgot

home.IttookPaandmebothtodothework.Sevencowstomilk.Nineteen

headsofcattletofeed,fourmules,twenty-fivehogs,firewoodandstove

woodtocut,andwatertodrawfromthewell.HewouldbedoingitwhenI

gothome.Hewouldbemadandwonderingwhatwaskeepingme!

Ihurriedhome.Iwouldrununderthedark,leaflesstrees.Iwouldwalkfast

uphill.Iwouldrundownthehill.Thegroundwasfreezing.Ihadtohurry.I

hadtorun.Ireachedthelongridgethatledtoourcowpasture.Iranlongthis

ridge.Thewinddriedthesweatonmyface.Iranacrossthepasturetothe

house.

—JesseStuart

V.Identifytherhetoricaldeviceusedineachofthefollowingsentences.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(10points,1pointeach)

1．Thecoachhadtobecrueltobekindtohistrainees.

2．Whatfineweatherforanouting!

3．Shewassoworriedabouthersonthatshesleptseveralsleeplessnights.

4．Thecharcoalfireglowedanddimmedrhythmicallytothestrokesofthe

bellows.

5．Theoldman’shairisaswhiteassnow.

6．Hispursewouldnotallowhimthatluxury.

7．Drainyoursweat—drinkyourblood?

8．Thestormwasragingandanangryseawascontinuouslytossingtheir

boat.

9．Thepoorwashwomanpassedawaywiththedesiretocontributemoreto

herduty.

10．Hehadtoearnhisdailybreadbydoingoddjobs.

VI.TranslatethepassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Writeclownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

IntheUnitedStates,therearestrongvaluesregardingindependence,freedom

andindividualequality.Thesenseofpersonalfreedomisverystrong.

Individualsarenotnecessarilyconstrainedtoaparticularsocialclass,

locationoreconomicgroupbybirth.Asaresult,individualsstrivetoachieve

personalgoals,seekpersonalautonomyandoftenprefertoactasindividuals

ratherthanasamemberofagroup.

FreedomisafoundationvalueoftheAmericaneconomy:freemarkets,free

movementofpeople,freeentryintonewbusinesses,freedomtotakeorleave

ajob,etc.

Americansconsumemuchandsavelittle.Theypurchasecarsandhousesand

gointodebttopayforthem.Manyprefertopurchaseusingtheircreditcards,

thencannotfullypayatthemonthlybillingtime.Personalsuccessanda

betterlifearemeasuredinmoregoods:abiggerhouse,moreexpensivecars

andclubmemberships.

Theyplacegreatvalueontime.Usingtimeefficientlyisacriticalgoaland

admiredmeasureofskill.Timedominateshowmeetingsareplanned,phone

callsaremade,andmealsarescheduled.Tothem,foreignerswhodonot

respectthistimeorientationareviewedaslessprofessionalorless

sophisticatedthanthosewhodo.

Americansmakedecisionsbasedonthebottomlineandoncold,hardfacts.

Theydonotlayfavorites.Profitsandperformancecount,notpeople.

Businessisbusiness.

VII.TranslatethepassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

我们同别人谈话时，交际的手段不限于词汇，我们的表情、手势、身体

其他部分的动作，都向周围的人传递着信息。微微一笑伸出手来表示欢

迎，皱眉表示不满，点头表示同意，挥手表示再见。听报告或讲演时，

身子往椅背上依靠，打个呵欠表示厌烦，不感兴趣。人们公认这些动作

表示上述意义，至少美国人和中国人都是这样的。这些动作是交际手段

的一部分。体态语同语言一样，都是文化的一部分。

多数情况下，体态语与语言是相互依存的。在某些情况下，人体动作与

所说的话不一致，口头说的话与体态语表达的意思不一样。这时,要借

助其它信息或从整个情境中猜测说话人的意思，从某种意义上说，一切

体态语都要放在一定的情境中去理解，否则就会发生误解。

总之，用一种语言交际时，一般也应该使用同那种语言相适应的体态

语，这样才能达到更好的交际效果。

VIII.Writeacompositionon“LanguageandCulture”ontheANSWER

SHEET.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeorexperienceto

generatesupportforyourargument.Yourcompositionshouldbeofnoless

than300words.(25points)

2015年西安工程大学827英语综合知识考研真题

I.BrieflydefinethefollowingtermsinEnglishandwritedowntheitem

numbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,2points

each)

1．vowel

2．glides

3．phonetics

4．phoneme

5morpheme

6．syntax

7．gender

8．connotation

9．idiom

10．degradation

II.BrieflyexplaininEnglishinwhatwaythefollowingtermsaredifferent.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(20points,4pointseach)

1．Diachroniclinguisticsandsynchroniclinguistics

2．Non-linguisticcontextandactualspeechsituation

3．Analyticsentencesandsyntheticsentences

4．Rootantonymsandderivationalantonyms

5．Literaltranslationandword-for-wordtranslation

III.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.Writedowntheitemnumbers

andyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(30points,5pointseach)

1．BrieflydescribethedevelopmentoftheT.G.grammar.

2．WhatarethemaincomponentsoftheStandardTheory?Howdoeseach

ofthemworkinthewholeprocessofgeneratingandtransformingsentences?

3．BrieflyexplainthebasicideaoftheSapir-WhorfHypothesisandgive

yourcomments.

4．ExplainandexemplifytheconstituentandICanalysis(Immediate

ConstituentAnalysis).

5．Howdoesamonosemebecomeapolyseme?

6．Whatarethemaintypesofdeixis?

IV.Readthefollowingpassageandanalyzethetransitionfeatures.Write

downyouranalysisontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Americansarequeerpeople:theycan’tplay,Americansrushtoworkassoon

astheygrowup.Theywanttheirworkassoonastheywake.Itisastimulant

—theonlyonetheyarenotafraidof.Theyusedtoopentheirofficesatten

o’clock;thenatnine;thenateight;thenateleven.Nowtheynevershutthem.

EverybusinessmAmericaisturningintoanopen-all-day-and-nightbusiness.

Theyeatallnight,danceallnight,buildbuildingallnight,andmakeanoise

allnight.Theycan’tplay.Theytryto,butcan’t.Theyturnfootballintoa

fight,baseballintoalawsuit,andyachtingintomachinery.Theycan’tplay.

Thelittlechildrencan’tplay;theyusemechanicaltoysinstead—toycranes,

hoistingtoyloads,toymachineryspreadingatoyindustrialdepressionof

infantiledullness.Thegrownuppeoplecan’tplay;theyuseamechanical

gymnasiumandaclockworkhorse.Theycan’tlaugh;theyhireacomedian

andwatchhimlaugh.

—StephenLeacock

V.Identifytherhetoricaldeviceusedineachofthefollowingsentences.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(10points,1pointeach)

1．Thecoachhadtobecrueltobekindtohistrainees.

2．Whatfineweatherforanouting!

3．Shewassoworriedabouthersonthatshesleptseveralsleeplessnights.

4．Thecharcoalfireglowedanddimmedrhythmicallytothestrokesofthe

bellows.

5．Theoldman’shairisaswhiteassnow.

6．Hispursewouldnotallowhimthatluxury.

7．Drainyoursweat—drinkyourblood?

8．Thestormwasragingandanangryseawascontinuouslytossingtheir

boat.

9．Thepoorwashwomanpassedawaywiththedesiretocontributemoreto

herduty.

10．Hehadtoearnhisdailybreadbydoingoddjobs.

VI.TranslatethepassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Socialscientiststellusthatculturesdifferfromoneanother.Eachcultureis

uniqueandlanguagesarediverse.Owingtothedifferencesinculturesand

languages,difficultiesoftenariseincommunicatingacrossculture.

Becauseofculturaldifferences,thesamewordsorexpressionsmaynotmean

thesamethingtodifferentpeoples.Therefore,misunderstandingmayarise

althoughthelanguageusedincommunicationmaybefaultless.Aserious

questionmaycauseamusementandlaughter,aharmlessstatementmany

causedispleasureoranger.Jokesbyaforeignspeakermaybereceivedwith

blankfacesandstonysilence.Yetthesamestoriesinthespeaker’sown

countrywouldleaveaudiencesholdingtheirsideswithlaughter.

Learningaforeignlanguagewellmeansmorethanmerelymasteringthe

pronunciation,grammar,wordsandidioms.Itmeanslearningalsotoseethe

worldasnativespeakersofthatlanguageseeit,learningthewaysinwhich

theirlanguagereflectstheideas,customs,andbehavioroftheirsociety,

learningtounderstandtheir“languageofthemind”.Learningalanguage,in

fact,isinseparablefromlearningitsculture.

VII.TranslatethepassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

书面语和口头语的主要区别在于前者一般是事前有构思，有时间思考、

推敲、斟酌词语，讲究修辞，必要时可以改写或全部重写，使文章更有

文采，更有感染力和说服力。然而，在说话时，人们的话语和思想是在

谈话过程中出现的，事先未经推敲，在表达一个思想或说一个句子时往

往有犹豫不决，有省略、重复词语或句子的现象，多用简单、常说、容

易想到的词语，通常想不到要修饰、润色。

书面语和口语各有特点。书面英语结构严谨，时而有来源于拉丁语的大

词，往往用修辞手段使文章更生动，口头英语有时条理不清，句子结构

松散，甚至“不合语法”，常用不完全句和省略句，有不少口语词和俚语

词。

上述书面语的特征主要是指正式的、标准的书面语的特征。不同文体的

书面语特征和标准亦有差异，官方文件和法律文件的语言与烹饪书中告

诉人们如何做蛋糕的语言大不相同。

VIII.Writeacompositionon“TranslationandCulture”ontheANSWER

SHEET.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeorexperienceto

generatesupportforyourargument.Yourcompositionshouldbeofnoless

than300words.(25points)

2016年西安工程大学830英语综合知识考研真题

I.BrieflydefinethefollowingtermsinEnglishandwritedowntheitem

numbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,2points

each)

1．morpheme

2．alliteration

3．alphabetisms

4．glides

5．polysemes

6．gender

7．pragmatics

8．reference

9．concord

10．blending

II.BrieflyexplaininEnglishinwhatwaythefollowingtermsaredifferent.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(20points,4pointseach)

1．morphandallomorph

2．surfacestructureanddeepstructure

3．recessivedissimilationandprogressivedissimilation

4．gradableantonymsandrelationalantonyms

5．contentwordsandfunctionwords

III.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.Writedowntheitemnumbers

andyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(30point,5pointseach)

1．Exemplifythebroadandnarrowphonetictranscription.

2．Whatarethemamtypesofdeixis?

3．BrieflyexplainthebasicideaoftheSapir-WhorfHypothesisandgive

yourcomments.

4．Howtohaveagoodexpositorywriting?

5．Whatisaperformativeutterance?Howareperformativeutterances

classified?

6．What’stherelationbetweenwritingandspeech?

IV.Readthefollowingpassageandcompleteanabstract.Writedownyour

abstractontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Athirdkindofthinkingisstimulatedwhenanyonequestionsourbeliefsand

opinions.Wesometimesfindourselveschangingourmindswithoutany

resistanceorheavyemotion,butifwearetoldthatwearewrongweresent

theimputationandhardenourhearts.Weareincrediblyheedlessinthe

formationofourbeliefs,butfindourselvesfilledwithanillicitpassionfor

themwhenanyoneproposestorobusoftheircompanionship.Itisobviously

nottheideasthemselvesthataredeartous,butourself-esteem,whichis

threatened.Wearebynaturestubbornlypledgedtodefendourownfrom

attack,whetheritbeourperson,ourfamily,ourproperty,orouropinion.We

maysurrender,butrarelyconfessourselvesvanquished.Intheintellectual

worldatleast,peaceiswithoutvictory.

Fewofustakethepainstostudytheoriginofourcherishedconvictions;

indeed,wehaveanaturalrepugnancetosodoing.Weliketocontinueto

believewhatwehavebeenaccustomedtoacceptastrue,andtheresentment

arousedwhendoubtiscastuponanyofourassumptionsleadsustoseek

everymannerofexcuseforclingingtothem.Theresultisthatmostofour

so-calledreasoningconsistsinfindingargumentsforgoingonbelievingas

wealreadydo.

V.Identifytherhetoricaldeviceusedineachofthefollowingsentences.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(10points,1pointeach)

1．Thepresidentwasconspicuouslyabsentonthatoccasion.

2．“Fantastic!Fantastic!”hepointedatthemanagerangrily.

3．Theassistantkeptarespectfuldistancefromhisbosswhentheywere

walkinginthecorridor.

4．Thepictureofthosepoorpeople’sliveswascarvedsosharplyinhisheart

thathecouldneverforgetit.

5．Wrongideasmayharmamanjustlikediseases.

6．Whenthewarwasover,helaiddowntheswordandtookupthepen.

7．Hiswritingisclearandclean.

8．Thunderroaredandapouringrainstarted.

9．Thepoorwashwomanpassedawaywiththedesiretocontributemoreto

herduty.

10．Thefarmswereshortofhandsduringtheharvestseason.

VI.TranslatethepassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

ItisinterestingthatmanyoftheEnglishmakeacompromise.Moreorless

thesamephysicaldistanceismaintainedforeverybody,whethertheyare

intimateordistant.TheEnglishconsideranintrusionintothepersonalspace

withoutaninvitationoddandpossiblythreatening.

Thesocialspaceispartlysymbolicandinvisibleandhencedealtwith

throughgestures,posturesandlanguage.Butitisalsopartlyphysical,and

thuscanbeobservedinbodydistance.Therangeofacceptablebodydistance

varieswiththedegreeofintimacyandequalitythatisthoughttoexistinthe

relationship.

Atoneextremeis“untouchable”,whetherliterallyorthroughkeepingone’s

distance,aswhenanoblemanfindsitdistastefultobeclosetoacommoner.

Attheotherextremearewhatcanbefoundincertaintribalandpeasant

societies.Herethereis,withinthegroup,verylittlesocialandphysical

distance.Sopeoplewilloftenstandorsitdisconcertinglyclosefora

Westerner’stastes—whilesomeAfricansfindthatWesternersappearaloof

andstandtoofaraway.

VII.TranslatethepassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

林纾夫人的病逝使他郁郁寡欢，适逢此时，他认识了从法国归来的王寿

昌，后者劝林纾与他合译《茶花女》(Camille)，以排遣忧愁。这样，不

懂外语但有深厚古文修养的林纾借助王寿昌的口译解说，用文言完成了

译作《巴黎茶花女遗事》(TheTragedyofCamille)。此书一经出版，轰

动一时，名扬天下。从此，林纾一发不可收，一生共翻译外国文学作品

180余部。一位不懂外文的古文家竟成为中国近代最著名的翻译家。

林纾晚年成为新文化运动最激烈的攻击者，然而他最大的贡献恰恰在于

以其译作推动了近代文学的发展。“五四”时期，几乎所有著名的作家都

坦言曾受到林译小说的滋养，正是林译小说使他们对外国文学产生了浓

厚的兴趣，并开始寻求利用异国文化资源来建立新文学。可以说，林纾

最终用自己的译作使他们开始向新文学和新文化过渡，并亲手埋葬了自

己最执着的传统文学与文化。

VIII.Writeacompositionon“LanguageLearningandGlobalization”onthe

ANSWERSHEET.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeor

experiencetogeneratesupportforyourargument.Yourcompositionshould

beofnolessthan400words.(25points)

2017年西安工程大学830英语综合知识考研真题

I.BrieflydefinethefollowingtermsinEnglishandwritedowntheitem

numbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,2points

each)

1．consonant

2．stops

3．metaphor

4．phonology

5．deixis

6．epithet

7．idiom

8．degradation

9．semantics

10．subordination

II.BrieflyexplaininEnglishinwhatwaythefollowingtermsaredifferent.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(20points,4pointseach)

1．meaningandconcept

2．analyticsentencesandsyntheticsentences

3．linguisticcontextandnon-linguisticcontext

4．totalassimilationandpartialassimilation

5．descriptivegrammarandprescriptivegrammar

III.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.Writedowntheitemnumbers

andyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,5pointseach)

1．Onwhatgroundsdolinguistsgrouplanguagesintodifferentfamiliesand

differenttypes?

2．What’stherelationbetweenwritingandspeech?

3．Whataretheprimarycausesoflanguagechange?

4．Whatarethemainschoolsoflinguistics?

IV.Fillintheblanks.Writedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(20points,1pointseach)

1．TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands—GreatBritainand

_____,andhundredsofsmallones.

2．The_____isafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereonce

coloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931.

3．TheEnglishisamixtureofnationalitiesofdifferentorigins.The

ancestorsofmanyEnglishpeopleweretheancient_____and_____.

4．TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventin

Englishhistory.WilliamdefeatedHaroldandkilledhiminthebattleof

_____inOctober1066.

5．_____wassignedbyKingJohnin1215underthepressofthebarons.Its

spiritwasthelimitationofthepowersoftheking,keepingthemwithinthe

boundsofthefeudallawoftheland.

6．BritishParliamentisabicameralbodyof_____and_____.

7．WilliamShakespearewrotefourgreattragedies.TheyareHamlet,

Othello,_____andMacbeth.

8．_____,themosttypicallyEnglishofsports,hasbeeninexistencesince

the16thcentury.

9．ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefrom_____and_____.

PopulationmovementsarecommoninAmerica.

10．In1775,ThomasJeffersondrafted_____,anditwasadoptedonJuly4,

1776.

11．TheslavesystemwasformallyendedbyLincoln’s_____in1863.

12．“Thatgovernmentofthepeople,_____,_____,shallnotperishfromthe

earth.”isfromLincoln’sspeech.

13．TheConstitutionofUSAdividesthegovernmentintothreebranches:

_____,_____andthejudicial.

14．In1947,theU.S.decidedtoofferWesternEuropeancountrieseconomic

aidtoprotectWesternEuropefrompossibleSovietexpansion,whichisthe

famous_____Plan.

15．TheAdventuresofTomSawyeristhenovelofthefamousAmerican

writer_____.

V.Read(hefollowingpassageandcompleteanabstract.Writedownyour

abstractwithin100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(5points)

XiaoLiuisasanitationworkerinarestaurant,amuchhonoredone.Shehas

beenawardedforher“excellentworkandsatisfactoryservice”bythe

NationalTourismAdministrationfourtimessinceshetookthejobsixyears

ago.

Herjobseemssimple.Everymorning,sheisrequiredtocleantwo

washrooms,twobathrooms,twolockerrooms,thebalconyandthecorridor.

Butitishardanddemandingwork,especiallyforagirlwhosuffersfrom

heartdisease.“Iusuallyhavetocomeat8:00—halfanhourbeforethe

workingtimebegins,andstarttobustleinandoutwithoutabreak.”saysLiu.

At11o’clock—theopeningtimeoftherestaurant,everythingiswashed