新教材高中英语人教版学案UNIT1SectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking

UNIT1CULTURALHERITAGE开启快乐学习之旅神秘的古埃及金字塔古埃及金字塔是奴隶制帝王的陵墓，最宏大的当为吉萨三座大金字塔。塔基呈方形，每边长230米，高146米，用230余万块巨石(每块平均重达2.5吨)垒成，国王墓室用一块400吨重的石板垒成。整体规模雄伟壮观，设计科学，构造复杂，历时30年建成。古希腊时即被称为世界七大奇迹之一，1980年被列入世界遗产名录。Built4,000yearsago,thethreegreatpyramidsatGiza,intheEgyptiandesertremainthemostcolossal(庞大的)buildingseverconstructed.ThepyramidswerebuiltbyEgyptiansundertheorderoftheEgyptianleader,whosetitlewasPharaoh(法老).Therewasasequence(一连串)ofPharaohsaround2615BC,withthePharaohCheopswhobuiltthebiggestthingeverbuilt,theGreatPyramid,alsoknownasKhufu.Cheopsbuiltapyramid770feetononesideand481feettall.Howancientbuildersmanagedtobuildthesemassivestructureshasneverbeenfullyansweredbuttheeffortclearlyrequiredbrainsandbrawn(体力)．Wasthereengineeringgeniusinvolved?Yes,therewas.Forexample,whenyou'reputtingtheblockrightatthetop,howareyougoingtolug(拉)ablockofstonethatweighsseveraltons480feetupastructure?Howareyougoingtodoit,andhowareyougoingtodoitwithoutleavingscratches(划痕)onalltherestofthestructure?Andhowmanypeopledoesittaketodragablockweighingseveraltons480feetupintothesky?Approximately,2.3millionblocksofstonewerecut,transportedandassembled(垒砌)tocreatetheGreatPyramid.ThePharaohsmayhavesetouttobuildmagnificenttombsforthemselves,butintheendtheycreatedmonumentstohumanpotential.There'sauniversalmessageinthepyramids.ThepyramidsbelongtoEgypt,butthepyramidsalsobelongtotheworld.That'swhywecanallidentifythepyramidsasanearlymonumentofhumangreatness.Forbeingaman­madewonderthathassurvivedthesandsoftime,thepyramidsrisetothenumbertwospot.矗立埃及沙漠中吉萨的三座金字塔建于4000年前，它们一直都是有史以来最宏大的建筑。金字塔是埃及人在他们的领袖——名为法老的命令下建造的。在公元前2615年左右，几任法老相继统治埃及，其中基奥普斯法老建造了有史以来最大的金字塔——大金字塔，也被称为胡夫金字塔。胡夫金字塔每边长770英尺，高481英尺。古代的建筑者是如何建造这些庞然大物的，这一直是个未解之谜，但很明显它需要付出大量的脑力和体力。有工程天才的参与吗？是的，有。比如，当你要把一个石块放在顶端时，你该如何把一个几吨重的石块提升到480英尺的高度呢？应该怎样做？怎么做才不至于在塔身留下刮痕？把几吨重的石块提举到480英尺的高处又需要多少人力呢？为了建造大金字塔，人们切割、运输、垒砌了大约230万块石头。法老们的初衷是为自己建造豪华的陵墓，而最终他们创建的却是昭示人类潜能的纪念碑。金字塔蕴含着一种共同的信息，金字塔属于埃及，但它也属于世界。因此我们完全可以把金字塔作为展示人类伟大文明的早期纪念物。由于历经岁月的沧桑，金字塔位列十大人工奇观排行榜第2名。模块核心素养导航SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinkingⅠ.重点单词1．creativelyadv.创造性地；有创造力地→creativeadj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→createvt.创造；发明→creationn．创造(力)2．templen．庙；寺3．mountn.山峰vt.爬上；骑上vi.爬；登上4．formeradj.以前的；(两者中)前者的→latteradj.后面的；(两者中)后者的5．cluen．线索；提示6．preservevt.保存；保护；维持n.保护区→preservationn．保护；保存7．promotevt.促进；提升；推销；晋级→promotionn．促进；提升8．appn．应用程序；应用软件→applicationn．申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)→applyvt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；使用；有效→applicantn．申请人9．balancen．平衡；均匀vt.使平衡→balancedadj.均衡的10．proposaln．提议；建议→proposev．建议；提议11．protestn．抗议vi.&vt12．likelyadj.可能的adv.可能地13．mitteen．委员会14．establishvi.建立；创立→establishmentn．建立15．limitn．限度；限制vt.限制；限定→limitedadj.有限的→unlimitedadj.无限的→limitlessadj.无限制的；无止境的16．preventvt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠17．lossn．丧失；损失→losev．遗失，丢失→losern．输家；失败者→lostadj.遗失的，失去的18．contributionn．捐款；贡献；捐赠→contributevi.&vt.捐献；捐助19．departmentn．部；司；科20．fundn．基金；专款21．withinprep.&adv.在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内22．investigatevi.&vt.调查；研究→investigationn．调查；研究23．issuen．重要议题；争论的问题vt.宣布；公布24．conductn．行为；举止；管理方法vt.组织；安排；带领→conductorn．指挥25．documentn．文件；公文；(计算机)文档vt.记录；记载(详情)26．donatevt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)donationn．捐赠→donator27．disappearvi.消失；灭绝；消亡→appearvi.出现；显得；似乎28．attemptn．&vt.企图；试图；尝试29．worthwhileadj.值得做的；值得花时间的→worthadj.值……钱→worthyadj.值得……的Ⅱ.重点短语1．takepartin参与(某事)；参加(某活动)2．givewayto让步；屈服3．keepbalance保持平衡4．leadto导致5．makeaproposal提出建议6．turnto向……求助7．prevent...from...阻止；不准8．donate...to...向……捐赠……9．thesameas和……一样10．inorderto为了11．anumberof许多；大量12．thousandsof成千上万的13．aswell也；还14．indanger处于危险之中Ⅲ.重点句型1．Bystudyingoldphotosoftheformerpalace，theyhavemadethenewonelookexactlyliketheoldone.通过研究旧宫殿的照片，他们使新宫殿看起来几乎和旧的一样。2．Thereesa_timewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew，anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。3．Inthe1950s，theEgyptiangovernmentwantedtobuildanewdamacrosstheNileinordertocontrolfloods，produceelectricity，andsupplywatertomorefarmersinthearea.20世纪50年代，埃及政府想要在尼罗河上建造一座新的大坝，以控制洪水、发电，并为该地区更多的农民供水。4．Whentheprojectendedin1980，itwasconsideredagreatsuccess.当这个项目在1980年结束时，它被认为是一个巨大的成功。5．Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast，buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了许多国家合作创造更加美好未来的可能性。6．PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO，whichrunsaprogrammethatpreventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.也许联合国教科文组织就是最好的例子，该组织开展了一项防止世界各地世界文化遗产消失的项目。1eq\a\vs4\al(formeradj.以前的；两者中前者的)[典型例句]TheformerSovietUnionconsistedoffifteenunionrepublics.前苏联由15个共和国组成。Informertimespeopledidnottravelsomuch.从前人们不经常旅行。注意：theformer...thelatter...意为(两者之中的)“前者……后者……”，因为比较级只用于两者间。paredwiththeformercandidate,thelatteroneismorefluentinoralEnglish.和前一个候选人相比，后者的英语口语更流利。[即学即练]Theformerchoicewouldbemuchmoresensible.2eq\a\vs4\al(preservevt.保存；保护；维持n.保护区)[典型例句]Wemustpreserveournaturalresources.我们必须保护自然资源。Hepreservedthegirlfromthedanger.他保护这个女孩免遭危险。Fisharepreservediniceandsaltuntiltheyaresold.鱼在卖出之前保存于冰和盐里。注意：preservesth.from使……免遭……[思维拓展]preservableadj.可保存的preservationn．保存preservern．保护者；保存者Wellpreservableprimarypaleo­oilreservoirmayexistinthedesert.沙漠可能存在保存较好的原生古油藏。Oneofthenecessaryconditionsofpreservationisquickburial.保存的必要条件之一是迅速掩埋。Weshouldawardaprizetothepreserversoftheculturerelics.我们应该奖励那些文物保护者。[易混辨析]preserve,conserve,reserve,protectpreservev．“保护；维持；保存”。Thisprogramemphasizedthenecessityforpreservingnaturalresources.这个节目强调了保护自然资源的必要性。conservev.“保存，保护”，强调珍惜。Theobjectiveofresourcemanagementistoconserveourresources.资源管理的目的就在于保护好我们的资源。reservev．指“意见、看法的保留或座位的预定”。Thefirstthreerowsofthehallarereservedforspecialguests.大厅的前3排留给特殊来宾。protectv.“保护”，强调使其免受破坏或损害。Hewaswearingdarkglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthesun.他戴一副墨镜以保护眼睛不受阳光的刺激。[即学即练](1)Ithinkthesetraditionalcustomsshouldbe_preserved.我认为应该保留这些传统习俗。(2)Theyweredeterminedtopreservetheirleaderfromhumiliation.他们决心保护他们的领导人免受侮辱。(3)Nohuntingisallowedin_the_preserve.在自然保护区内不许打猎。3eq\a\vs4\al(promotevt.促进；提升；推销；晋级)[典型例句]Themeetingdiscussedhowtopromotecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.会议讨论了如何促进两国的合作。Theyhavebegundialoguestopromotebetterunderstandingbetweenbothmunities.双方已经开始了对话，以增进两个社群间的彼此了解。Themeetingdiscussedhowtopromotethislatestproduct.这次会议讨论了如何开展这种新产品的推销工作。[思维拓展]promotesb.(fromsth.)tosth.把某人(从某职位)提升到某职位promotesth.to...把某物推销给……promotern．赞助人；发起者promotionn．提升；推广；晋级；促进[即学即练]MoreexpresswayswillbebuiltinSichuansoonto_promote(promote)thelocaleconomy.eq\o(\s\up1(4),\s\do1())appn．应用程序；应用软件(application的缩略形式)applicationn．申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)[典型例句]Theinventionwouldhavewideapplication/awiderangeofapplicationsinindustry.这项发明会在工业中得到广泛应用。It'sofwideapplication.它的用途很广。Heisbusywritingajobapplication.他正忙着写工作申请。[思维拓展]makeanapplication(tosb.forsth.)(向某人)申请(某物)WhenshouldImakeanapplicationifIexpecttoentertheuniversity?如果我想上大学，应该在什么时候提出申请？applyvi.申请；请求vt.应用；运用Anyofthemcanapplyforthejob.他们谁都可以申请这份工作。Thenewtechnologywasappliedtofarming.这项新技术已应用于农业。[即学即练]AllapplicantswhohaveappliedforthejobmusthandintheapplicationformsbeforenextMonday.(apply)5eq\a\vs4\al(balancen.平衡；均匀vt.使平衡)[典型例句]Hismothertoldhimtheimportanceofabalanceddiet.他妈妈告诉他均衡饮食的重要性。Trytobalanceyourdietbyeatingmorefruitandlessmeat.多吃些水果，少吃些肉，使饮食均衡合理。Thegirllostherbalanceandfelloffthebalancebeam.小女孩失去了平衡，从平衡木上摔了下来。[思维拓展]keep/loseone'sbalance保持/失去平衡outofbalance失去平衡beoffbalance失去平衡keepthebalanceofnature保持生态平衡onbalance总的说来[即学即练]Thestatehasgottofindsomewayto_balance(balance)thesetwoneeds.6eq\a\vs4\al(likelyadj.可能的adv.可能地)[典型例句]Sheisverylikelytoringmetonight.＝Itisverylikelythatshewillringmetonight.她今晚很有可能给我打。Mostlikelyhisattemptwillfail.他的尝试很可能会失败。They'llverylikelyebycar.他们很可能开车来。[思维拓展]sb./sth.islikelytodosth.……可能做某事Itislikelythat...可能……[易混辨析]likely/probable/possible易混词语气强弱所作成分主语句型likely语气较possible强，较probable弱表语主语既可以是人也可以是物sb./sth.islikelytodosth.Itislikelybable语气最强表语或定语不用人作主语，常用it作形式主语Itisprobablethat...possible语气最弱表语或定语不用人作主语，常用it作形式主语Itispossibleforsb.todosth.Itispossiblethat...[一句多译]他在将来有可能会创造一项世界纪录。①Itispossibleforhimtosetaworldrecordinthefuture.②Itisprobablethathewillsetaworldrecordinthefuture.③Heislikelytosetaworldrecordinthefuture.④Itislikelythathewillsetaworldrecordinthefuture.[即学即练]Heislikelyto_lose(lose)hisvisa.7eq\a\vs4\al(limitn.限度；限制vt.限制；限定)[典型例句]Ilimitmyselfto(drinking)threecupsofbeeraday.我限制自己一天喝三杯啤酒。ThereisalimittotheamountofmoneyIcanafford.我能付得起的钱数是有限的。[思维拓展]limitedadj.有限的，限制的IhaveonlyalimitedunderstandingofFrench.我只懂得一点儿法语。limitationn．限制；控制；局限Theywouldresistanylimitationoftheirpowers.他们会抵制对他们权力的任何限制。limit...to...把……限定在……范围之内withinthelimitsof限定在……范围之内setalimitto...对……规定限度withinlimits在某种程度上；有一点限制[即学即练]Havingrealizedthatyourtimeislimited(limit),you'llhavetostudyforyourgoalswithoutangerandhesitation.8eq\a\vs4\al(preventvt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠)[典型例句]Iwaspreventedbyillnessfromtakingtheexam.我因病未能参加考试。Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow'sgame.他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。[思维拓展]preventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.制止(防止)某人(或某物)做某事(在现代英语中from常常可以省略，但在被动句中，from不能省略)stopsb./sth.fromdoingsth.(其中的from在主动句中可以省略)keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.(其中的from不可省略)[即学即练]Hepreventedmefromentering(enter)thegarden.9eq\a\vs4\al(lossn.丧失；损失)[典型例句]Thepanymadealossof250,000dollarslastyear.公司去年亏损了25万美元。Hetoldthepoliceaboutthelossofhiscar.他向警方报失他的车子。Theclosureofthefactorywillleadtoanumberofjoblosses.工厂倒闭会使许多人失业。[思维拓展]ataloss不知所措；困惑bloodloss失血weightloss体重减少jobloss失业I'matalosswhattodonext.我不知道下一步怎么办。[即学即练]Successistheabilitytogofromonefailuretoanotherwithnoloss(lose)ofenthusiasm.10eq\a\vs4\al(contributionn.捐款；贡献；捐赠)[典型例句]Thesigningofsuchatreatywouldbeamajorcontributiontowardsworldpeace.签订这样一项条约是对世界和平的重大贡献。Allcontributionswillbetransportedtothedisasterareasassoonaspossible.尽快将所有的捐献的钱物运到灾区。[思维拓展]makecontributionsto对……做出贡献，相当于makeacontributiontocontributev．捐助；捐献；贡献出；投稿contributeto有助于；促使；导致[即学即练]Thehurricanecontributedtoalotofhousesbeingdestroyed.11withinprep.&adv.在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内[典型例句]Youshouldreceiveareplywithinsevendays.你会在七天之内收到答复。Thenoiseseemstobeingfromwithinthebuilding.吵闹声像是从楼房里传出来的。Thisisataskwellwithinyourability.这完全是你力所能及的工作。[思维拓展]withinreach(＝closeenoughtotouch)伸手可及withineasyreachof(＝closeto)离……很近withinsightofsth.能看到某物的近距离[即学即练]Weusuallyforget90percentofadreamwithin10minutes.12conductn．行为；举止；管理方法vt.组织；安排；带领[典型例句]Hisconductdisagreeswithhiswords.他言行不一。Whoisconductingthebandthisevening?今晚谁指挥乐队？[思维拓展]conductorn．售票员；(合唱队等的)指挥者conductoneselfwell/badly(行为)表现好/差[即学即练]Asrolemodels，publicfigureshaveadutytoconduct(conduction)themselvesresponsiblybecauseteenagersoftencopytheirbehaviour.13eq\a\vs4\al(donatevt.尤指向慈善机构捐赠；赠送；献血)[典型例句]Localpeoplelineduptodonatebloodforthebravegirl.当地群众排队给这位勇敢的女孩献血。Icanonlydonateonehundreddollars.我只能捐助100美元。[思维拓展]donate...to...把……赠予……donatebloodtoabloodbank向血库献血donationn．捐赠；捐赠物，捐款give/make/presentadonationto捐赠……sendadonationto...把捐款寄往……donator捐赠者[即学即练]—Shedecidedtodonate(donate)thekidney(肾)ofherdyingsontoasickboyinhospital.—Sheisagreatmother.14eq\a\vs4\al(attemptn.&vt.企图；试图；尝试)[典型例句]Iwillattempttoanswerallyourquestions.我将试着回答你的全部问题。Ipassedmydrivingtestatthefirstattempt.我考驾照时一次就通过了。[思维拓展]attempttodosth.尝试/试图做某事atthe/one'sfirstattempt第一次尝试make/inanattempttodosth.尝试/试图做某事make/inanattemptat(doing)sth.尝试/试图做某事[一句多译]他试图通过考试，但考试太难了。①Heattemptedtopass/atpassingtheexam,butitwastoodifficult.(attemptv．)②Hemadeanattempttopass/atpassingtheexam,butitwastoodifficult.(attemptn．)[即学即练]Heattemptedto_escape(escape)fromtheprison，buthecouldn'tfindanybodytohelphim.15eq\a\vs4\al(worthwhileadj.值得做的；值得花时间的)[典型例句]Ifeltthatallthefearanddangerhadbeenworthwhile.我觉得所有的恐怖和危险都是值得的。Wehadalongwait，butitwasworthwhilebecausewegotthetickets.我们等了很长时间，但这是值得的，因为我们买到了票。[思维拓展]“值得做某事”的句型差别：Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth.sth.iseq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(worthdoing,worthy\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ofbeingdone,tobedone))))Itisworthwhilereadingthebook.＝Itisworthwhiletoreadthebook.＝Thebookisworthreading.＝Thebookisworthyofbeingread.＝Thebookisworthytoberead.这本书值得一读。[易混辨析]worthwhile，worth，worthyworthwhile可作表语和定语，意为“值得做的；有意义的”。表示某事因重要、有趣味而值得花时间、金钱或努力去做。worth只能作表语形容词，意为“有……价值；值……钱”，用法同介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。worthy可以作定语和表语。作定语时，意为“值得尊敬的；值得注意的”；作表语时，意为“值得……的”，其后不能直接跟名词或动名词作宾语，要加上介词of，但可以跟动词不定式作宾语。[一句多译]这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。①Thereferencebookisworthbuying，becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.(worth)②Thereferencebookisworthytobe/ofbeingbought，becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.(worthy)③Itisworthwhilebuying/tobuythereferencebook,becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.(worthwhile)[即学即练]Thisfilmisworthseeing(see)．考点集训一单句语法填空1．InChina,therearealotofhistoricalremainspreserved(preserve)verywell.2．Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted(promote),Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.3．Eventually,however,Iwonthesupportofmyfamily,andIsentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication(apply)．4．Thetaskofatranslatoristo_keep(keep)balancebetweentheauthorandthereader.5．Ifoneislateforajobinterview,itisnotlikelythathewillgetthejob.6．Inaddition,theinformationabouteachwordinapocketdictionaryisgenerallylimited(limit)．7．Closethedoorandwindowscarefullytopreventsomestrangersbreaking(break)intoyourhouse.8．I'matalossaboutwhatIcandotohelpthem.9．Onlyinthiswaycanwemakeagreatcontribution(contribute)toourfamilyandoursociety.10．WhenIstudyEnglish,IliketoputmydictionarywithinmyreachsothatIcanrefertoitwhennecessary.11．RecentlyIhave_conducted(conduct)asurveyontakinganapafterlunchamongmyclassmates.12．Theretiredmandonated(donate)mostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu.13．Hemadeanattempttoclimbthemountainbutfailed.Iattempted(attempt)toleavebutwasstoppedintheclassroomyesterday.14．Sheisanordinarywomanbutsheisreallyworthrespecting(respect)．15．Thetimeyouspendandtheeffortsyoumakewillbeworthwhile(worth)．1eq\a\vs4\al(takepartin参与某事；参加某活动)[典型例句]HowmanycountriestookpartinthelastOlympicGames?有多少国家参加了上届奥运会？AtcollegeItookanactivepartinstudentpolitics.在大学里我积极参与学生政治活动。注意：takeanactivepartin“积极参加”中有冠词an。[即学即练]Ihopeyouaswellasyoursistercantakepartinthecampaigntomorrow.2eq\a\vs4\al(givewayto让步；屈服)[典型例句]Werefusedtogivewaytotheirdemands.我们拒绝对他们的要求让步。Afteralongargument,wedidn'tgivewaytoeachother.Finally,shebrokeupwithme.经过长时间的争论后，我们彼此都没有做出让步，最后，她和我分手了。Thetruckrefusedtogivewaytothecar,andsotheycausedanaccident.卡车不给小汽车让路，因而造成了交通事故。[思维拓展]giveaway暴露(自己的情况)；泄露(秘密)；赠送；捐赠；颁发giveback归还；使恢复givein(to)屈服；让步；上交giveoff发出(光、热、气味等)；散发giveout分发；用完；耗尽；发出giveup放弃；认输[即学即练]Theburningplasticgivesoffpoisonousgas,whichisharmfultoourhealth.3eq\a\vs4\al(leadto导致)[典型例句]Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadstoillness.过量的工作和过少的休息经常会引起疾病。Whatledyoutothisconclusion?你是如何得出这个结论的？Lazinessleadstofailingtheexam.懒惰导致考试不及格。[思维拓展]leadsb.to/intosp.把某人带到……；领到某地leadsb.to引导某人……leada/an...life过……的生活leadsb.todosth.引导某人做某事leadtheway引路，带路resultin导致resultfrom由……导致Thedeathoffishesintheriverresultedfrompollution.这条河里的鱼的死亡是由于污染导致的。[即学即练]Theheavystormstruckmytown，leadingtoaheavyloss.4eq\a\vs4\al(turnto向……求助)[典型例句]Shehasnobodyshecanturnto.她求助无门。Whentheymeetwithnewwords，they'llturntothedictionary.当遇到生词时，他们就查阅字典。[思维拓展]turnagainst反对turnaway回绝turnup调大；出现turnoff关掉turnback往回走turndown关小；调低；拒绝turnin上交turnon接通；打开[即学即练](1)Heturnedtohisfatherforadvice.(2)Nobodyseemstounderstand.Idon'tknowwhototurn_to.似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁求助。(3)Thejobturned_out(to_be)_harderthanwethought.这份工作结果比我们想象的更难。(4)Whydidsheturn_downyourinvitation?她为什么拒绝你的邀请？考点集训二单句语法填空1．Itgoeswithoutsayingthattakinganactivepartinsocialactivitiescanbroadenourhorizons.2．Atthebeginning,learningEnglishseemedsodifficultthatIwantedtogiveupwithouteventrying.3．Excuseme,pleasegivewaytothepassengersbehindyou.4．Iwanttoknowwhatledyouto_take(take)upactingasacareer.5．Thenewevidenceledtothehighofficialbeing_arrested(arrest)．6．Wheneveryouhaveproblems,youmayturntomeforhelp.eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do1())Bystudyingoldphotosoftheformerpalace，theyhavemadethenewonelookexactlyliketheoldone.通过研究旧宫殿的照片，他们使新宫殿看起来几乎和旧的一样。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)句式分析：theyhavemadethenewonelookexactlyliketheoldonone属于“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。在本句中，thenewone是宾语，lookexactlyliketheoldone是宾语补足语。(2)make后的复合宾语结构常见形式有：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(makesb./sth.＋形容词/副词/介词短语,makesb./sth.＋过去分词表示被动意义,makesb./sth.＋名词,makesb./sth.do被动语态是sb./sth.＋bemadetodo))Youmaytakeahorsetothewater，butyoucan'tmakehimdrink.[谚]河边牵马易，逼马饮水难。Hewasmadetorepeatthesentence.他被迫复述那个句子。(3)“by＋v.­ing”表示“通过……方式”，by为介词。Wekeptintouchbywritingemailstoeachotherinthepast.在过去，我们彼此通过写电子邮件保持联系。Byworkinghardhegainedrapidpromotion.他工作努力，因而晋升很快。[即学即练](1)Icanmakeyouunderstand(understand)whatIsay，butyoucan'tmakeyourselfunderstood(understand)inEnglish.(2)Youswitchtheradioonbypressing(press)thisbutton.eq\o(\s\up1(2),\s\do1())eq\a\vs4\al()Thereesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew，anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。(1)句式分析：Thereesatimewhen...这个句子中包含了由when引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atime。itisnotpossibleto...这个句子中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语；as是连词引导时间状语从句。(2)当先行词是表示时间的名词时，定语从句的引导词有两种情况：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①若引导词在从句中作时间状语，则用关系副词when,②若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词which/,that引导词作宾语时一般可省略))Therewasatimewhenthiskindofmusicwasverypopular.曾经有个时期这种音乐很流行。(引导词在从句中作时间状语)Doyoustillrememberthedays(that/which)wespenttogether？你还记得我们一起度过的日子吗？(引导词在从句中作宾语)(3)as引导时间状语从句的用法如下：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①意为“当……的时候”，从句谓语为延续性动词，,相当于when，while,②意为“随着……”，主句动作随着从句动作不断变化，,强调一种渐变性,③意为“一边……一边……”，强调主从句谓语动作的,相伴性))IfoundoneofmyfriendsasIwasinthepark.我在公园时遇到了一位朋友。Asonegrowsolder,onebeesmoreexperienced.人越大经验就越丰富。Theytalkedastheywalked.他们边走边谈。[即学即练](1)Everyonelikesyouasyouarebothkindandhonest.(2)TheterribleaccidenthappenedatatimewhenFatherwasawayinAmerica,atimethatwe'llneverforget.eq\o(\s\up1(3),\s\do1())eq\a\vs4\al()Inthe1950s，theEgyptiangovernmentwantedtobuildanewdamacrosstheNileinordertocontrolfloods，produceelectricity，andsupplywatertomorefarmersinthearea.20世纪50年代，埃及政府想要在尼罗河上建造一座新的大坝，以控制洪水、发电，并为该地区更多的农民供水。句式分析：句中inorderto意为“为了……”。Inordertocatchthetrain,shefinishedherworkinahurry.为了赶火车，她匆匆完成了她的工作。Heboughtthispresentinordertogivehissonasurprise.为了给儿子一个惊喜，他买下了这件礼物。注意：(1)inorderto表示目的，后接动词原形，可位于句首或句中，意同soasto，但后者不能位于句首。(2)inorderthat为了；以便[△用来引导目的状语从句，从句中常用情态动词can,may,could,might等]inorderthat引导的从句的主语如果和主句的主语一致，那么可用inorderto或soasto进行转换。[译]为了养家糊口，父亲拼命工作。①Myfatherworkshardinorderthathecansupportthefamily.②Myfatherworkshardinordertosupportthefamily.[即学即练]Inorderto_find(find)abetterjob，hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignlanguage.eq\o(\s\up1(4),\s\do1())eq\a\vs4\al()Whentheprojectendedin1980，itwasconsideredagreatsuccess.当这个项目在1980年结束时，它被认为是一个巨大的成功。句式分析：这是一个主从复合句，Whentheprojectendedin1980是when引导的时间状语从句，主句是itwasconsideredagreatsuccess。句中consider的意思是“认为”，consider表示“认为”时的用法：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(consider＋sb./sth.＋as＋名词,consider＋sb./sth.＋tobe＋形容词/名词,consider＋it＋形容词/名词＋todoit作形式宾语,consider＋sb./sth.＋todo不定式可根据情况用一般,式、完成式等,consider＋宾语从句))Iconsideritagreathonor.我认为这是极大的荣幸。Weconsideredhimtohaveseenthefilm.我们认为他已看过这部电影。IconsideritmydutytohelpyouwithyourEnglishstudy.我认为帮助你学习英语是我的职责。Sheconsidersitfoolishtocheatinanexam.她认为在考试中作弊很愚蠢。注意：consider作“考虑”讲时，后接名词、代词或动名词。如：AreyouconsideringstudyinginChina?你在考虑在中国念书吗？[即学即练]Heisconsideringgoing(go)abroad.eq\o(\s\up1(5),\s\do1())eq\a\vs4\al()Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast，buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了许多国家合作创造更加美好未来的可能性。(1)句式分析：这是一个由notonly...butalso...所连接的复合句。其中thatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词apathtothefuture，that是关系代词并在定语从句中作主语；thatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow是that引导的宾语从句，作动词learnt的宾语。(2)notonly...but(also)．..的用法：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①语法功能：连接平行结构——名词、代词、动词短语、,非谓语动词、介词短语、句子,②主谓一致：它连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与,butalso后的成分在人称和数上保持一致,③倒装：notonly...butalso...连接并列分句，且,notonly...位于句首时，notonly所在的分句须部分,倒装，butalso所在的分句不倒装))Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwasagainsttheplan.不但同学们反对这个计划，老师也反对。Henotonlyreadthebook,butalsorememberedwhathehadread.他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。Notonlydoesthesungiveuslightbutalsoitgivesusheat.太阳给我们提供光和热。[即学即练]Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.eq\o(\s\up1(6),\s\do1())eq\a\vs4\al()PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO，whichrunsaprogrammethatpreventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.也许联合国教科文组织就是最好的例子，该组织开展了一项防止世界各地世界文化遗产消失的项目。句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO；后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是UNESCO，which在定语从句中作主语，其中又包含了一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词aprogramme。Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown，whichwasverykindofhim.我的朋友很友善，他带我到镇上四处逛了一下。[即学即练]IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesremended(推荐)tome.考点集训三单句语法填空1．Wearehelpingtosaveourselvesbyhelpingthem.2．Theremustbeatimeineveryman'slifewhenheisinlowspirits.3．Asthemonthswentby，therabbitssawthatIwasnothreatanddidn'tescape.4．We'llhavetosav