2024年高考英语期终全真调研卷05（新高考I卷）

绝密★启用前2024年高考英语期终全真调研卷05（新高考I卷）解析版目录内容提要阅读A篇介绍世界上四个免费参观博物馆特色阅读B篇输错捐款金额吸引更多人募集到资金阅读C篇植物内机制阻止干细胞基因缺陷遗传阅读D篇诺奖教授将主动学习的方法引入课程阅读七选五介绍找到生活真正激情四种高效策略完形填空自建残疾人支付得起健身房鼓励锻炼语法填空A)讲述了呼伦贝尔大草原的美丽景色语法填空B)天舟七号飞船即将发射与天宫交会应用文写作回信好友介绍参加学校社团活动经历读后续写一杯牛奶故事诠释滴水之恩涌泉相报（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobuy?A.Orangesandapples. B.Sweetsandapples. C.Vegetablesandapples.2.Whoisingfortea?A.Mark. B.John. C.Tracy.3.WhereisthemangoingtospendhisChristmas?A.Inhisbrother’s. B.Inhismother’s. C.Inhissister’s.4.Wheredoesthemanmostlikelylive?A.InCanada. B.InNewYork. C.InCalifornia.5.Whyarethekidsinthewoman’syard?A.Toplaybaseball. B.InNewYork. C.Togettheirbaseballback.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A.ToDisneyland. B.ToShanghaiUniversity. C.TotheOrientalPearlTower.7.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Canceltheirflight. B.Calltheirneighbors. C.Orderataxi.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whydoesthewomanwanttogohome?A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.B.Sheneedstogetsomethingtoeat.C.Shedoesn’twanttoattendthemeeting.9.Whatwillthemandoforthewoman?A.Drivehersomewhere.B.Workonherprojectforher.C.Askforasickleaveforher.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhywasJimunabletofindSusan’shomeA.Hehadn’tbeentoldhowtogetthere.B.HeforgottobringthemapSusangavehim.C.Hejustspentthirteenminutessearchingforherhouse.11.WhatdoesJimwantSusantodonow?A.eandgethim. B.Givehimanewmap. C.Tellhimthedirectionagain.12.HowwillJimgotoSusan’shome?A.Onfoot. B.Bybike. C.Bybus.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Employerandemployee. B.Doctorandpatient. C.Husbandandwife.14.What’sthewoman’sattitudetowardstheman’sidea?A.Negative. B.Indifferent. C.Positive.15.Whydoesthemanthinkheshouldjointhefootballteam?A.Hewasaprofessionalplayer.B.Heusedtoplayfootballverywell.C.Itisorganizedbyhisneighborhood.16.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Insistonhisdiet. B.Domoreexercise. C.Jointhefootballteam.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatpartofworkdoesthespeakerdoonhisown?A.Writingdialogues. B.Developingprograms. C.Listeningtostories.18.Whatdidthespeakerplantobewheninthesecondaryschool?A.Ajournalist. B.Abasketballplayer. C.Aviolinist.19.Whendidthespeakerdecidetoworkinthevideogameindustry?A.Beforehurtinghishand.B.Beforeleavinguniversity.C.Whilestudyinginafilmschool.20.Whatdoesthespeakerlovemostabouthisjob?A.Workinginharmony. B.Gettinghighsalary. C.Winningmanyprizes.15BABCA610ABACB1115CACAB1620BACCAText1M:Doyouhaveeverythingready?W:I’msorry,butIhavetobuyapoundofsweetsandsomeapples.Text2W:John,isMarkingforteatomorrow?M:Yes,Itoldyouyesterday,Tracy!W:Ohdidyou?Sorry,Imusthaveforgotten.Text3W:WhereareyougoingthisChristmas?M:Ithoughtaboutgoingtomybrother’s,butnowI’dliketogotomymother’s.Whataboutyou?W:Well,maybeI’llgotomysister’s.Text4M:MywifeandIareplanningondrivingfromCaliforniatoCanadaforafewweeks.W:That’sexciting.MyhusbandandItookacartripfromNewYorktoCanadaafewyearsago.Itwasalotoffun.Text5W:Heykids!Whatareyoudoinginmyyard?M:I’msorry.Wewereplayingbaseball,andourballisinyouryard.W:Isee.Youarelucky.Mydogwasn’tintheyard.Nexttime,justknockonthedoor,OK?Text6M:I’msoexcitedaboutthistrip.Wehaven’thadavacationforseveralmonths.W:Iknow.Thisisgoingtobeagreatweek.IhavealwayswantedtoseeDisneyland.M:AndIwanttorevisittheOrientalPearlTowerandgotomyShanghaiUniversityclassreunion.Whattimeisourflight?W:It’sinafewhours.Weshouldreallybeonthewaytotheairportalready.Whattimeisourcarsupposedtoarrive?M:HowwouldIknow?Ithoughtyouorderedataxi.W:Oh,no!We’llnevergetataxiatthistimeofday.Let’sseeifourneighborscangiveusaride.Text7W:I’mfeelingveryshakythismorning.M:Trydrinkingsomewaterorhavingsomethingtoeat.W:Ialreadyateacake,butI’mstillfeelingstrange.M:Areyousureyou’renotsickorsomething?W:Icouldbe.M:Yeah,youdon’tlookverygood.Maybeyoushouldskipthemeetingthisafternoon.I’msureeveryonewillunderstand.W:OK.IthinkImightjustgohomenow.Doyoumindtellingthebossforme?I’llfinishmyprojectwhenIebacktomorrow,ifI’mfeelingbetter.M:Sure.Areyouokaytodrive?W:Ithinkso.I’lljustdriveslowly.Text8W:Hello.M:Hello,Susan,thisisJim.I’mcallingfromthebusstopatPineStreet.I’vebeensearchingforyourhouseforaboutthirtyminutesnow,butIcan’tfindit.Iforgottobringthemapyougaveme.W.OK.Waitrightwhereyouare.I’lleandgetyou.M:That’snotnecessary.Ifyoutellmethedirectiononceagain,I’llprobablybeallrightthistime.W:OK.Canyouseeabankonthecorner?M:Yes,there’soneacrossthestreet.W:Well,crossthestreetandwalkpasttheshoeshop.Myhouseistheseventhhousefromthecorneronyourright.M:OK.Thanks.I’msureI’llbeabletofinditthistime.Text9M:Honey,what’sthetimenow?W:It’s7.M:Oh,thefootballmatchisabouttostart.CouldyoubringmesomeFrenchfriesandabowloficecream?W:OK,anythingelse?M:No,that’sall,thankyou.Hey,dear,mypanyisorganizingafootballteamandI’dliketojoinitverymuch.Whatdoyouthinkofit?W:Tobehonest,you’dbetternot.M:Why?Afterall,Iwasagoodfootballplayerinuniversity.W:Hmm!Thatwastenyearsago.Andithasbeenatleast6yearssinceyouplayedlast.M:SowhatW:Idon’twantyoutohaveaheartattackrunningupanddownthefield.M:YoumeanIshouldgiveitup?W:Well,you’veputonweightandareinpoorhealthnow,soatleastyoushouldhaveaphysicalexaminationbeforeyoubegin.M:Well,OK,but...W:Andyoushouldchangeyourdiet,reducefattyfoods,andeatmorefruitandvegetables.Alsodomoreexercisefromnowon.M:Yeah,you’reright.Text10M:Helloeveryone.Myname’sSandyDuffyandI’mheretotellyouaboutmyjobasavideogamewriter.Iworkwithgamedevelopersanddesignerstothinkofgoodstories,andIwriteallthedialogueinthegamebymyself.WhenIwasinsecondaryschool,IneverimaginedthatIwoulddothisjob!IplayedtheviolinandthatwaswhatIplannedtodoasmyjob.ButIhadanaccidentwhenIwasplayingbasketballandhurtmyhand,soIhadtothinkofdoingsomethingelse.Mymotherwantedmetobeajournalist,butIdidn’tthinkitwasrightforme.Ididn’tknowwhattostudyatuniversity.Iwasgoodatlotsofsciencesubjects,includingPhysicsandMaths,butIalsolovedentertainingpeopleandIwasgoodatArt.Intheend,IwenttoafilmschoolwhereIstudiedlighting,specialeffects,howtouseacamera...allthat!ItwastherethatIstartedtothinkaboutworkinginthevideogameindustry.PeoplealsoaskmewhatIlikebestaboutbeingavideogamewriter.Well,themoneyisgoodandit’squiteexciting.Justlastnight,forexample,Iwasatabigdinnerwheretheyweregivingprizesfornewgames.ButwhatIlovemostisthefactthatIgetonsowellwitheveryoneinthepany.That’swhatmakesmyjobsomuchfun.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhetheryouwanttobroadenyourhorizons,entertainthefamilyoraresimplylookingforsomethingtodoonarainyday,atriptoafreemuseummightbejusttheticket.ScienceMuseumAttheScienceMuseum,youcanenjoyawardwinningexhibitionsandcollectionsspanningthesciences.FromHelenSharman’siconicspacesuittoAmyJohnson’sGipsyMothairplane,exploretheextraordinarystoriesofhumanachievementsandthechallengeswehaveovere.Youcanbookyourfreeadmissionticketonitswebsite.NaturalHistoryMuseumLondon’sworldfamousmuseumishometoover80millionobjectsandspecimensincludingplants,creatures,dinosaurfossils,rarebugsandmore.Billionsofyearsofnaturalhistoryisallopentovisitors,pletelyfreeofcharge.YoucanevengetupclosetocollectionsmadebyCharlesDarwin.DiscoveryMuseumTheDiscoveryMuseumoffersagreatselectionofexhibitstothewholefamily.Hereyoucanstandinaweattheworld’sfirststeamturbinepoweredshipTurbiniawhichstandsproudinthecentralhall.Italsoofferseducationalworkshopsandalsoprovidesawealthofonlinecontentforvirtuallearningopportunities.Themuseumisfreeofcharge.VictoriaandAlbertMuseum(V&A)Forartanddesignlovers,theVictoriaandAlbertMuseumistheperfectfreetovisitattractioninBritain’scapital.NamedafterPrinceAlbertandQueenVictoria,wholaidthebuilding’sfoundationstonein1899,theV&Ahasanimpressivecollectionoforiginalmasterpieces,contemporaryart,architecturalmarvelsandevenafantasticfashiongallery.Aswellasdozensoffreepermanentexhibitionsavailableinhouseandonline,theV&Aalsohoststemporarycollectionsandeventsthroughouttheyear,manyofwhicharealsopletelyfree!21.WhatcanvisitorsdoattheScienceMuseum?A.Exploretheworld’sfirstship.B.Enjoysomecontemporaryart.C.AdmireCharlesDarwin’scollections.D.Learnaboutthegreatpeopleandtheirachievements.22.Whichmuseumprovidesexhibitsforthewholefamily?A.ScienceMuseum. B.NaturalHistoryMuseum.C.DiscoveryMuseum. D.VictoriaandAlbertMuseum.23.Whatdothefourmuseumshaveinmon?A.Theyofferfreevisits. B.Theyareworldfamous.C.Theyshowdiverseships. D.Theyareinthesamecity.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了几个可以免费参观的博物馆。21.细节理解题。根据ScienceMuseum部分中的“FromHelenSharman’siconicspacesuittoAmyJohnson’sGipsyMothairplane,exploretheextraordinarystoriesofhumanachievementsandthechallengeswehaveovere.(从海伦•沙曼的标志性太空服到艾米•约翰逊的吉普赛蛾飞机，探索人类成就的非凡故事和我们克服的挑战。)”可知，游客在ScienceMuseum(科学博物馆)可以了解到杰出的人物和他们的成就，故选D。22.细节理解题。根据DiscoveryMuseum部分中的“TheDiscoveryMuseumoffersagreatselectionofexhibitstothewholefamily.(探索博物馆为全家人提供精选的展品。)”可知，DiscoveryMuseum(探索博物馆)为来参观的家庭提供了丰富的展品选择，故选C。23.细节理解题。根据第一段“Whetheryouwanttobroadenyourhorizons,entertainthefamilyoraresimplylookingforsomethingtodoonarainyday,atriptoafreemuseummightbejusttheticket.(无论您是想开拓视野、与家人共度欢乐，还是只是想在雨天找点事做，免费参观博物馆可能就是您的最佳选择。)”可知，这四个博物馆的共同之处在于它们都是免费的，故选A。BMichaelandhiswife,newresidentsinaSanFranciscoapartment,learnedabouttheirneighborJeffDunan’svolunteerworkforBangladeshRelief,anorganizationthatprovidesfood,clothingandessentialsuppliesfordisadvantagedpeopleinnorthernBangladesh.Inspired,Michaeldonated$150toDunan’sGoFundMecampaign.However,acreditcardnotificationalertedhimtoanunintended$15,041charge.Whenhesawthefivefigurenumber,hewasconfused.Soon,itallmadesense.Michael’screditcardnumberstartedwithfourandone.Clearly,heaccidentallybegantypinghiscreditcardinformationwhilehiscursor(光标)wasstillinthedonationbox.MichaelplannedtocallDunantoexplain,butbeforehehadthechancetodothat,hestartedreceivingFacebookmessagesfromShohagChandra,thecharity’sBangladeshbasedprogrammanager,thankinghimforhisgenerousdonation.Afterhelookedthroughthephotosofpeopleholdingthankyousignsthatreadhisname,Michael’sheartsank.Hefeltterriblethathehadtowithdrawhishandsomedonation.Oncehisoriginalcontributionwasrefunded,hedecidedtodonate$1,500.AlthoughMichaelhadtoldhisfamilyandfriendsaboutthetale,hedecidedtoshareitpubliclyonsocialmedia,afterDunantoldhimtheorganizationwasdesperatelyinneedoffunds.“TheleastIcoulddowastakethetimetopostthisstoryonlineandseeifIcouldinspireotherpeopletodonatetothecause,”Michaelsaid.Littledidheknow,though,thatthestorywouldbeseenfarandwide,endingupraisingmorethan$120,000forBangladeshReliefinthespanofonlyafewweeks—abouteighttimesMichael’smistakendonation.AccordingtoDunan,morethan3,700peoplehavecontributedbecauseofMichael’spost.Michaelhasbeenstunned(震惊)bytheongoingoutpouringofsupport.“NeverinmywildestdreamsdidIimaginethisreaction,”hesaid.“Peoplecanbeamazingwhentheyetogetherforsomethinglikethis.”24.HowdidMichaelmakethelargedonation?A.Heinputanincorrectamount. B.Heencounteredasystemerror.C.HewasgreatlyinspiredbyDunan. D.Heenteredwrongcreditcarddetails.25.WhydidMichael’sheartsinkaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Hesawpeopleindespair. B.Hefailedtoofferenoughmoney.C.Hedidn’treceivethefullrefund. D.Herealizedthescaleofhismistake.26.WhatmotivatedMichaeltosharethestoryonsocialmedia?A.Dunan’srequestforpublicity. B.Adesireforpersonalrecognition.C.Theorganization’surgentneedforfunds. D.Pressurefromhisfamilyandfriends.27.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.C.Alwaysprepareforarainyday. D.Agoodbeginningishalfofvictory.【答案】24.A25.D26.C27.B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了主人公Michael输错捐款金额后将故事分享到网上，结果吸引了更多人关注孟加拉国的灾情，募集到了更多的资金。24.细节理解题。根据第二段“Michael’screditcardnumberstartedwithfourandone.Clearly,heaccidentallybegantypinghiscreditcardinformationwhilehiscursor(光标)wasstillinthedonationbox.(迈克尔的信用卡号码是以4加1开头的。很明显，当他的光标还在捐款箱里时，他不小心开始输入他的信用卡信息。)”可知，迈克尔捐了一大笔钱，因为他输入的金额不正确。故选A。25.推理判断题。根据第三段“MichaelplannedtocallDunantoexplain,butbeforehehadthechancetodothat,hestartedreceivingFacebookmessagesfromShohagChandra,thecharity’sBangladeshbasedprogrammanager,thankinghim’forhisgenerousdonation.Afterhelookedthroughthephotosofpeopleholdingthankyousignsthatreadhisname,Michael’sheartsank.Hefeltterriblethathehadtowithdrawhishandsomedonation.Oncehisoriginalcontributionwasrefunded,hedecidedtodonate$1,500.(迈克尔计划打给杜南解释，但在他有机会这么做之前，他开始收到慈善机构孟加拉国项目经理肖哈格•钱德拉发来的脸书信息，感谢他的慷慨捐赠。当他看完那些举着写有他名字的感谢牌的人的照片后，迈克尔的心沉了下去。他不得不收回他的大笔捐款，这让他感到很难过。一旦他的原始捐款被退还，他决定捐赠1500美元。)”可知，此时他认识到自己的大笔捐款产生了很大的影响，所以开始后悔自己申请退款的举动。故选D。26.细节理解题。根据第四段“AlthoughMichaelhadtoldhisfamilyandfriendsaboutthetale,hedecidedtoshareitpubliclyonsocialmedia,afterDunantoldhimtheorganizationwasdesperatelyinneedoffunds.(虽然迈克尔已经告诉了他的家人和朋友这个故事，但在杜南告诉他该组织急需资金后，他决定在社交媒体上公开分享。)”可知，迈克尔是在杜南告诉了他这个团体急需资金之后决定在网上分享这件事的。故选C。27.推理判断题。通读全文，并结合最后一段的“Littledidheknow,though,thatthestorywouldbeseenfarandwide,endingupraisingmorethan$120,000forBangladeshReliefinthespanofonlyafewweeks—abouteighttimesMichael’smistakendonation.AccordingtoDunan,morethan3,700peoplehavecontributedbecauseofMichael’spost.Michaelhasbeenstunned(震惊)bytheongoingoutpouringofsupport.“NeverinmywildestdreamsdidIimaginethisreaction,”hesaid.“Peoplecanbeamazingwhentheyetogetherforsomethinglikethis.”(然而，他并不知道，这个故事会被广泛传播，最终在短短几周内为孟加拉国救济组织筹集了12万多美元——大约是迈克尔错误捐款的8倍。据杜南说，有超过3700人因为迈克尔的帖子而捐款。迈克尔被源源不断的支持惊呆了:“我做梦也没想到会有这样的反应，”他说。“当人们聚在一起做这样的事情时，他们会很了不起。”)”可知，文章主要叙述了Michael为什么一开始决定捐款、捐款金额有误的原因以及后续如何吸引了更多人捐款的故事。故事始于Michael一个人的善意，结尾时3700多人都加入了捐款活动，短时间内就筹集到了大笔资金。因此，B项“众人拾柴火焰高”正确。A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.(行动胜于言语)；B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.(众人拾柴火焰高)；C.Alwaysprepareforarainyday.(未雨绸缪)；D.Agoodbeginningishalfofvictory.(良好的开端是成功的一半)。故选B。CScientistshaveshownhowplantscanprotectthemselvesagainstgenetic(基因的)damagecausedbyenvironmentalstresses.Thegrowingtipsofplantrootsandshootshaveaninbuiltmechanism(机制)thatspellscelldeathifDNAdamageisdetected,avoidingpassingonfaultyDNA.Plantshavesmallpopulationsofstemcells(干细胞)atthetipsoftheirrootsandshoots,whichenablethemtocontinuouslygrowandproducenewtissuesthroughouttheirlifetime.Thesestemcellsserveasancestorsforplanttissuesandorgans.However,anygeneticfaultspresentinthestemcellswillcontinuetoexistandbepassedonpermanentlythroughouttheplant’slife,whichcouldlastthousandsofyears.Giventhecriticalroleofstemcellsandtheirexposuretopotentiallydangerousenvironmentsatthegrowingtipsofrootsandshoots,safeguardsarenecessarytopreventstemcellfaultsfrombeingfixed.ResearchersNickFulcherandRobertSablowski,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,aimedtouncovertheseprotectivemechanisms.ThroughexperimentsinvolvingXraysandchemicals,theydiscoveredthatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamageparedtoothercells.WhenDNAdamageoccurs,thecellshavethecapacitytodetectitandcauseprogrammedcellstodie,preventingthepropagationofthedamagedgeneticcodetotherestoftheplanttissues.Thisprocesshassimilaritiestothesafeguardmechanismfoundinanimalcells,whichhasbeenbroadlystudiedduetoitsrelevanceinpreventingcancer.Theidentificationofasimilarprotectivesysteminplantsisofgreatinterestinthefieldofplantdevelopment.Italsohelpsscientistsdevelopplantsthatcanbetterhandleenvironmentalstress.Soknowledgeofhowplantsdealwiththesestressesisoffundamentalsignificancetoagriculturalscience’sresponsetoclimatechange.28.Whatisthefunctionoftheinbuiltmechanisminplants?A.Toproducemorerootsandshoots. B.Toincreasetheoveralllifetimeoftheplant.C.Toenhanceplantgrowthandnutrientintake. D.Tostopgeneticfaultsinstemcellspassingon.29.Whatcanweknowaboutstemcellsinplantsaccordingtothetext?A.Theyarerelativelyabundantinquantity. B.Theyareresistanttoenvironmentalstresses.C.TheymakequickresponsetoDNAdamage. D.TheyhavetheabilitytorepairdamagedDNA.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“propagation”inparagraph4mean?A.Spread. B.Change. C.Existence. D.Selfrepair.31.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A.Thewayofdealingwithclimatechangeontheearth.B.Thesignificanceofidentifyingtheprotectivesysteminplants.C.Themethodofensuringplantsurvivalunderenvironmentalstress.D.Theurgencyofdevelopingplantsthatcanhandleenvironmentalstress.【答案】28.D29.C30.A31.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经展示了植物如何保护自己免受环境压力造成的遗传损害，即植物拥有内建机制，来阻止干细胞中的基因缺陷遗传下去。28.细节理解题。根据第一段“Thegrowingtipsofplantrootsandshootshaveaninbuiltmechanism(机制)thatspellscelldeathifDNAdamageisdetected,avoidingpassingonfaultyDNA.(植物的根和芽的生长尖端有一个内置的机制，如果检测到DNA损伤，就会导致细胞死亡，从而避免将有缺陷的DNA传递给下一代)”可知，植物内建机制的功能是阻止干细胞中的基因缺陷遗传下去。故选D。29.细节理解题。根据第三段“ThroughexperimentsinvolvingXraysandchemicals,theydiscoveredthatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamageparedtoothercells.(通过涉及x射线和化学物质的实验，他们发现干细胞比其他细胞对DNA损伤更敏感)”可知，植物中的干细胞对DNA损伤做出快速反应。故选C。30.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“WhenDNAdamageoccurs,thecellshavethecapacitytodetectitandcauseprogrammedcellstodie,preventingthe”以及后文“ofthedamagedgeneticcodetotherestoftheplanttissues”可知，当DNA受损时，细胞有能力检测到它，并导致程序化细胞死亡，防止受损的遗传密码传播到植物组织的其他部分。故划线词意思是“传播”。故选A。31.主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Theidentificationofasimilarprotectivesysteminplantsisofgreatinterestinthefieldofplantdevelopment.Italsohelpsscientistsdevelopplantsthatcanbetterhandleenvironmentalstress.Soknowledgeofhowplantsdealwiththesestressesisoffundamentalsignificancetoagriculturalscience’sresponsetoclimatechange.(在植物中发现类似的保护系统在植物发育领域具有重要意义。它还帮助科学家培育出能够更好地应对环境压力的植物。因此，了解植物如何应对这些压力对农业科学应对气候变化具有重要意义)”可知，最后一段的重点是识别植物保护系统的意义。故选B。DCarlWieman,aNobelPrizewinningphysicistatStanfordUniversity,excelledinthelab,wherehecreatedtheBoseEinsteincondensate(玻色爱因斯坦凝聚态).However,hismasteryinthelabdidnotextendtotheclassroom.Foryears,hewrestledwithwhatseemedtobeastraightforwardtask:makingundergraduatesprehendphysicsashedid.Layingitoutforthem—explaining,evendemonstratingthecoreconceptsofthediscipline—wasnotworking.Despitehisclearexplanations,hisstudents’capacitytosolvetheproblemsheposedtothemremainedinadequate.Itwasinanunexpectedplacethathefoundthekeytotheproblem:notinhisclassroomsbutamongthegraduatestudents(研究生)whocametoworkinhislab.WhenhisPH.D.candidatesenteredthelab,Wiemannoticed,theirhabitsofthoughtwerenolessnarrowandrigidthantheundergraduates.Withinayearortwo,however,thesesamegraduatestudentstransformedintotheflexiblethinkershewastryingsoearnestly,andunsuccessfully,tocultivate.“Somekindofintellectualprocessmusthavebeenmissingfromthetraditionaleducation,”Wiemanrecounts.Amajorfactorinthegraduatestudents’transformation.Wiemanconcluded,wastheirexperienceofintensesocialengagementaroundabodyofknowledge—thehourstheyspentadvising,debatingwith,andrecountinganecdotestooneanother.In2019,astudypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesbackedthisidea.Trackingtheintellectualadvancementofseveralhundredgraduatestudentsinthesciencesoverthecourseoffouryears,itsauthorsfoundthatthedevelopmentofcrucialskillssuchasgeneratinghypotheses(假设),designingexperiments,andanalyzingdatawascloselyrelatedtothestudents’engagementwiththeirpeersinthelab,ratherthantheguidancetheyreceivedfromtheirfacultymentors(导师).WiemanisoneofagrowingnumberofStanfordprofessorswhoarebringingthis“activelearning”approachtotheircourses.Hisaspirationistomovescienceeducationawayfromthelectureformat,towardamodelthatismoreactiveandmoreengaged.32.WhatproblemdidCarlWiemanhavewithhisundergraduates?A.Makingthemexcelinthelab. B.Demonstratinglabexperiments.C.Facilitatingtheirallrounddevelopment. D.Enhancingtheirphysicsproblemsolving.33.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthegraduatestudentswhofirstjoinedWieman’slab?A.Limitedinthinking. B.Resistanttonewideas.C.Flexibleandearnest. D.Experiencedandcooperative.34.Whatiscrucialfordevelopingstudents’intelligentthoughtaccordingtothe2019study?A.Intenselabwork. B.Peerpressureandevaluation.C.Academicinteractionwithfellows. D.Engagementwithexternalsociety.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TransformingGraduates’Habits B.CarlWieman’sNobelPrizeJourneyC.TheNobelPrizeWinner’sStruggles D.CarlWieman’sEducationInnovation【答案】32.D33.A34.D35.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者美国斯坦福大学教授将“主动学习”的方法引入课程，希望将科学教育从讲座形式转变为一种更加积极和更加投入的模式。32.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Layingitoutforthem—explaining,evendemonstratingthecoreconceptsofthediscipline—wasnotworking.Despitehisclearexplanations,hisstudents’capacitytosolvetheproblemsheposedtothemremainedinadequate.(向他们解释，甚至展示这门学科的核心概念，都没有起到作用。尽管他解释得很清楚，但他的学生解决问题的能力仍然不足。)”可知，加强物理问题的解决能力是本科生的问题。故选D。33.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Withinayearortwo,however,thesesamegraduatestudentstransformedintotheflexiblethinkershewastryingsoearnestly,andunsuccessfully,tocultivate.(然而，在一两年内，这些同样的研究生转变成了灵活的思想家，他一直在努力培养这些思想家，但没有成功。)”可知，思维有限是首次加入Wieman实验室的毕业生的问题。故选A。34.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Amajorfactorinthegraduatestudents’transformation.Wiemanconcluded,wastheirexperienceofintensesocialengagementaroundabodyofknowledge—thehourstheyspentadvising,debatingwith,andrecountinganecdotestooneanother.In2019,astudypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesbackedthisidea.(他总结说，研究生转变的一个主要因素是他们围绕知识体系的强烈社会参与体验——他们花费大量时间相互建议、辩论和叙述轶事。2019年，美国国家科学院院刊发表的一项研究支持了这一观点。)”可知，根据2019年的研究，发展学生智力思维的关键是与外部社会的接触。故选D。35.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“WiemanisoneofagrowingnumberofStanfordprofessorswhoarebringingthis“activelearning”approachtotheircourses.Hisaspirationistomovescienceeducationawayfromthelectureformat,towardamodelthatismoreactiveandmoreengaged.(越来越多的斯坦福大学教授将这种“主动学习”的方法引入他们的课程，维曼就是其中之一。他的愿望是将科学教育从讲座形式转变为一种更加积极和更加投入的模式。)”结合文章段落大意，文章第一段是讲CarlWieman在教学中发现学生的思维能力和解决问题的能力较差；第二、三段关于他如何找到的解决方案——在实验室的研究生身上发现思维能力的提升关键是和同伴进行的学术交流。第四段是结果——越来越多的教授们在课程教学中采用积极学习的模式。可知本文主要介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者美国斯坦福大学教授将“主动学习”的方法引入课程，希望将科学教育从讲座形式转变为一种更加积极和更加投入的模式，选项D“CarlWieman’sEducationInnovation(卡尔·维曼的教育创新)”符合本文题目。故选D。第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。FourTipstoDiscoverYourTruePassionTruepassionistheemotion,feeling,anddesirethatarisesoutofloveforsomething.It’stheforcethatmagnifies(放大)yourcapabilitiesforthebenefitofexcellentperformance.Thisisbecauseit’sapowerfulmotivationforbestperformanceandeveryonewantstogetthere.36Findingwhatyou’repassionateaboutisalongroadthatrequireseffortandthefollowingaresomeusefultips.Searchyourchildhood.Thepurityandtruthofyourbeingareintheearlystagesoflife.Tothatend,goingbacktothethingsyoulovedbackthenisalwaysanexcellentindicationofmarkedpreferences.Didyouwanttobeadoctor?37Theseareallcluesthatbegintopointtheway.Whileit’struethatchildrenhaveseveralpreferencesintheirearlystages,it’sactuallyquiteeasytofigureoutwhichtheyprioritize(优先考虑).Experimentanddiscover.Doingthesameactivitiesdayafterdayclosesanyprobabilitiestosucceedinfindingyourtruepassion.38Thiscreatesatrialanderrorscenario(设想)thatpromotesapositiveouteinlesstime.Focustofindyourtruepassion.Youmustforgetaboutthemyththatdoingwhatyou’repassionateaboutwillbeeasyandpleasant.Thisisbecausethere’llalwaysbeinconveniencesinanyactivityyouundertake.Beyondthat,don’tlosefocusonthefactthatthesearetemporarymoments.39Rememberthatyouragedoesn’tmatter.40Encouragingyourselftotakethefirststepcanbedifficultduetosomeofsociety’sobsolete(被淘汰的)barriers.Thetruthisthatyoumustallowyourselftoachieveandshowyourtastesleavingasideanyobstacles,especiallythosethatareselfimposed(自己强加的).It’snevertoolate!A.Wereyouinterestedininsects?B.Takeavarietyofcourseseachmonth.C.Doyouknowthemeaningofpassion?D.Ageisn’tnecessarytofindoutyourtruepas