2024年广东惠州高三三调考试英语试题答案详解

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页惠州市2024届高三第三次调研考试试题英语试卷共8页，卷面满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，用签字笔直接将答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIfyouwishtofeelhappier,cookbetterorjustlearnrandomthings,herearesomeofthemostexcitingpodcast(播客)seriesthatcanhelpyouthroughyourlearningjourney.TenPercentHappierTenPercentHappierwascreatedbyDanHarris.Hehassomeinterestingguests,suchasPandoraSkyes,totalkaboutpersonaldevelopment.Danbelievesthatyoucantrainyourselftobehappy,andyoushouldexpectprogresstocomeslowly.Thepodcastcurrentlyhasover700episodes,eachwithdifferenttimelengths,from6minutesto30minutes.DeliciousWaystoFeelBetterEllaWoodwardapproachesasensitivesubjectaboutourrelationshipwithfood.Morethan100episodesarewaitingforyou,andtheaveragelengthofanepisodeisaboutonehour.Thispodcastcanhelpyoufixyournegativefoodexperienceswithpositiveones,whichcanresultinenjoyingalltypesoffoodinmoderationandrespectingyourbody’snaturalhungercues.PowerHourAdrienneHerberthasmademorethan250episodesinwhichshetalksaboutmotivation,trends,careerpathsandanythingaboutself-improvement.Anewepisodeairseveryweekandusuallylastsforanhour,soit’saperfectpodcastwhenyouneedalittlebitofaboosttokeepgoing.Adriennealsoinvitesprofessionalstoherpodcaststodiscussimportantmatters.Listeningtoapodcastcanteachyoumanythingsbutalsohelpyourelaxafteralongdayatwork.However,thesoothingvoicesofthehostsandtheengagingsubjectswillmakeyoubecomeinterestedinpersonalgrowthanddevelopment,whichisessentialforyoutohaveabetterlife.1．Whocreatedthepodcastwiththemostepisodes?A．AdrienneHerbert. B．EllaWoodward.C．PandoraSkyes. D．DanHarris.2．WhatdoDeliciousWaystoFeelBetterandPowerHourhaveincommon?A．Sensitivesubjects. B．Averagelength.C．Specialguests. D．Targetaudiences.3．Whyarethepodcastsintroduced?A．Toemphasizeself-growth. B．Tosuggestnewlifestyles.C．Toofferwaysofmakingfood. D．Toarousediscussiononhottopics.BMymomspentyearsasastay-at-homemomsothatmybrothersandIcouldfocusonoureducation.However,Icouldtellfromhercuriosityofandattitudestowardworkingwomenthatsheenviedtheirfinancialfreedomandtheself-esteemthatmustcomewithit.WhenIaskedheraboutworkingagain,shewouldtellmetofocusonachievingmydream.Iknewshehadoncedreamedforherself.Foryears,Iwatchedheteffortlesslylightupconversationswithbothstrangersandfamily.Herempathyandabilitytoreachtheheartcouldmakeanyonelaugh,evenwhenthestoryitselfdidnotapplytothematall.“Mom,haveyoueverthoughtaboutbeingastand-upcomedian?”“Itistoolateforme,son,”sheresponded,laughingattheidea.Icouldnotbeartowatchherstrugglebetweenambitionanddoubt.Herbirthdaywascomingup.AlthoughIhadalreadyboughtherapresent,IknewwhatIactuallywantedtogiveher.Iplacedlittlenotesofencouragementinsidethepresent.Iaskedmyfamilyandherfriendstodothesame.EventuallyIhadcollected146notes,andeachwiththesamesentiment:“Youarehumorous,fulloflife,andreadytotakeonthestage.”Onthedayofherbirthday,mymomunwrappedmypresent.Shewasnotsurprisedasshehadhintedatitforlong.Butthenshesawthoselittlenotes.Shestartedtoweepwithherhandsfullofnotes.Shecouldnotbelievethesupportwasreal.Withintwomonths,mymomgaveherfirstperformanceinaNewYorkcomedyclub.Ihavereadthenotescountlesstimeswithmymom.Theyareframedandlinethewallsofhernewofficespacethatsherentedwiththeprofitsshemadefromworkingasaprofessionalcomedian.Formanyparents,theirchildren’scareersaretheirgreatestaccomplishment,butformemymom’sismine.4．Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’smothertoworkingwomen?A．Shewascuriousabouttheirincome. B．Sheadmiredwhatworkbroughtthem.C．Shefeltindifferenttoworkingwomen. D．Sheappreciatedtheirambitionsinfinance.5．Accordingtotheauthor,whatmakeshismotheragoodcomedian?A．Hereffortinmakingfriends. B．Hertalenttobringpeoplejoy.C．Hercuriosityaboutworkingwomen. D．Herdesireforfinancialindependence.6．Howdidhismotherfeelwhenreadingthenotesonherbirthday?A．Amazedandhesitant. B．Sadanddisappointed.C．Movedandencouraged. D．Delightedandproud.7．Whatistheauthor’sgreatestaccomplishment?A．SupportingMom’sdream. B．Achievinghisowndream.C．Securingfinancialfreedom. D．Becomingasuccessfulcomedian.CSomewordsimitatethesoundsmadebythethingstheydescribe,like“buzz”or“hiss”,whichiscalledonomatopoeia(拟声词).Butwhatifthewayawordsoundscouldarousesomeotherfeatureofanobject,likeitsshape?MarcusPerlman,alecturerattheUniversityofBirmingham,saysthatacenturyago,linguists(语言学家)insistedthatthewordsofobjectsdon’tnecessarilysoundliketheverythings.There’snothingdoggy-soundingabouttheworddogorcatlike-soundingaboutthewordcat.Butthere’splentyofevidencenowprovingitfalse.Tofurtherexplorethisconnection,Perlmanandhiscolleaguesturnedtosomethingcalledthebouba/kikieffect.Whatitisaboutisthatwhenyouseetwoshapes-onelookslikeacloud,kindofroundish,andtheotheroneismorespiky(尖形的),likeastar-andwhenyou’reaskedtosaywhichoneisbouba,youwillbemorelikelytopointtoaroundedoneand,forkiki,toaspikyone.Oneexplanationfortheeffectcouldbetheappearanceoftheletters.Theroundshapeofb-o-u-b-amightarousethesenseofroundness.Butwhathappenswhenyoudon’tseethewordsbuthearthem?Inafollowingtest,participantsweretoldtolookatthetwoshapesandthenlistentothesound:eitherboubaorkiki.Whatevertheirnativelanguageis,mostparticipantssaidtheroundershapewasboubaandthespikyonewaskiki.Thissuggeststhattheeffectseemstobedrivenbysomecorrespondence(对应关系)betweenthespokenwordsandtheshapes,whichmightbringusclosertohowthefirstwordscame.8．WhatmayMarcusParlmanbelieveaboutthewordsofobjects?A．Wordssoundinglikeobjectsdon’texist. B．Wordsdon’thavetosoundlikeobjects.C．Wordsofobjectsaredifficulttounderstand. D．Wordspronunciationisconnectedtoobjects.9．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thedistinctionbetweenvariousshapes. B．Theexplanationofthebouba/kikieffect.C．Thecomparisonbetweenboubaandkiki. D．Theintroductiontothebouba/kikieffect.10．Whichshapemaytheparticipantschooseafterhearingthe“bauba”sound?A．Astar. B．Acircle. C．Apyramid. D．Adiamond.11．Whatissuggestedinthetext?A．Differentlanguagesmayhavethesameorigins.B．Thewordboubaorkikicanbefoundinlanguages.C．Theeffectmayhelpunderstandtheoriginoflanguage.D．Thesecretoflanguageformationhasbeendiscovered.DWeallsometimesbehaveinwaysthatseemtoconflictwithourgoalsandintentions.Onepersonmightwishtospendmoretimewithfamilybutinsteadfindthemselvesmindlesslybrowsingsocialmedia.Anothermayrepeatedlyignoretheiralarmandmisstheirmorningworkout.Ifweonlyhadmorewillpower,theconventionalwisdomgoes,wecouldeathealthier,exerciseregularly,andspendmoretimewithlovedones.However,inDetermined:AScienceofLifewithoutFreeWill,scientistRobertSapolskyarguesthatsuchchoicesareactuallydeterminedbyfactorsbeyondourcontrol.Sapolskydemonstratesinhisbookhowvariousfactorsinfluenceourintentionsandactions.Hedescribesscientificevidencethatthoseinfluencesmayoccurminutes,hours,ordaysbeforeouractions;somemayevenbeginyearsearlier.Forexample,peopleraisedinacollectivistculturetendtoavoidobstacles(障碍)whenwalkingwhereasthoseraisedinindependentcultureswillremovetheobstacles.Inparticular,Sapolskyarguesagainsttheclaimthat“luck”evens(均等)outovertime,withfortuneandmisfortunestrikingmostpeopleinequalmeasure,anideafavoredbyothers.Instead,heprovidesconvincingexamplesthatmanywhoareborn“unlucky”havelittlechanceofgettingahead.AlthoughSapolskyiscarefulnottoconfusedeterminismwiththeinabilitytoaffectchangeintheworld,hisunclearattitudetowardhowdeterminismmightcoexistwithfreewillisoneofthebook’sweakpoints.Nonetheless,thisbookisworthreading.Betteryet,pairitwithKevinMitchell’sbookFreeAgents:HowEvolutionGaveUsFreeWill,whichmakestheoppositeargument,andthen,decideforyourselfwhetheryouhadachoicetodosooritwasallpredetermined.12．Howisthetopicintroducedinthefirstparagraph?A．Bygivingexamples. B．Bylistingstatistics.C．Byraisingarguments. D．Bydrawingconclusions.13．AccordingtoSapolsky,whatdetermine(s)ourchoicesandactions?A．Levelofwillpower. B．Randomluck.C．Uncontrollableelements. D．Conventionalwisdom.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collectivist”mean?A．Low-esteemed. B．Determined. C．Self-centered. D．Cooperative.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．ExplorationonFreeWill B．WisdominDecisionMakingC．ViewsonDeterminismandFreeWill D．ConflictsbetweenGoalsandChoices第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Shoppinginthesalesfeelslikeasubtlewaytospend.Lowerpricesnaturallyequalmoneysaved.16Sometimesyouthinkyou’regettingabargain,butactuallyyou’repayingmorethanyouneedto.So,followthetipsbelowandyou’llhopefullybeontherighttrack.Onlybuyessentials.Youmighthavebeentemptedtobuyamuchhigheritemthanyouactuallyneed,simplybecausewe’redazzledbythesizeofthediscount.Sodespitethesavingsmadeonthefullpriceitem,it’sactuallyahugewasteofcash.17Youcanevenhavea“need”notewhichyouaddtoregularly,allowingyoutofocusyourshoppingduringthesales.18Justbecausethere’sasalerunningwithalowerprice,doesn’tmeanyoucanscrambleforthegoodsimmediately.Ifyoucanwait,somepricehistorywebsitesareagreatwaytogetasenseofanyregularlyoccurringpricevariations.Certainitemswillhavealifecycletoo.ChristmascardsanddecorationsarebargainsinJanuarywhileTVstendtobeattheirlowestpricesintheearlysummerwhenthenewermodelsarereleased.19Sothisisonlyastrategyfornon-essentials.Checkforalternatives.Finally,evenifyouthinkyou’vegotthebestpriceoutthere-oratleastoneyou’rehappytopay-it’sworthcheckingyou’renotoverpayingstillwhencomparedtosimilarproducts.20.Thatcouldmeanstayingawayfromhigh-endbrands,lookingforsecondhanditemsortryingadifferentbutsimilarstyle.A．Timewhenyoubuy.B．Comparepricesnow.C．Sadly,therearetricksplayedbyretailers.D．It’seasytogetcaughtupinsalesandspendwhenyoudon’tneedto.E．Thebestwaytoavoidthisistocreateamust-havelistbeforeshopping.F．Theremaywellbecheapersubstitutesthatdothesamejobbutcostless.G．Butyoumighthavefeweroptionstochoosefrom,orwillevenmissout.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）MygrandmothersuffersfromAlzheimer’sdisease.Seeingherconditionworsenovertime,andknowingIcoulddonothing,createdafeelingof21inme.Astheyearspassedandmyunderstandingofthediseasegrew,myfrustrationturnedfirsttoanger,thenresignation(顺从),andfinally22.Thoughthediseasewasboundtoslowlyeatawayather,therewerewaysto23itsprogress.Everynightthetwoofuswouldsittogetherand24whilemygrandmotherwouldcountbeans.Theexercisecouldhelptokeephermentally25.Graduallyhercountingbecameslower,andshewouldlosetrackofthingsmore26.Whileatnightwewouldcountbeans,inthedayIinvolvedmyselfinstudiesof27.Myearlierfeelingsofdespairgavewayto28;advancesingeneticengineeringofferedthepossibilitythatonedaythoselikemygrandmothercouldbecured,or29fromdevelopingAlzheimer’sinthefirstplace.Seeingmygrandmotherslipaway30metotakebiologycoursestolearnmoreaboutcells,thenervoussystem,andgeneticinformation,whichhelpedmebetterunderstandhowour31ofthisdiseasehasgrowninthepastdecade.32IbegantoseenewpossibilitiesforpreventingdiseaseslikeAlzheimer’s.Nowadays,mygrandmothercannotcountbeansanymoreanddoesn’t33meatall.OncesheusedtotellmestoriesandIwhisperedtoherallmyproblems.NowIama34toher.HowIwishonedayIcouldcontributetoafuture,wherenochildhastowatchtheirgrandmothercountthe35theyhavelefttogether.21．A．regret B．dilemma C．annoyance D．hopelessness22．A．pity B．sympathy C．tolerance D．acceptance23．A．stop B．slow C．change D．accelerate24．A．chat B．sigh C．think D．complain25．A．strong B．sharp. C．busy D．fresh26．A．easily B．naturally C．slowly D．painfully27．A．nursing B．biology C．companion D．psychology28．A．anxiety B．calmness C．optimism D．indifference29．A．excused B．defended C．prevented D．separated30．A．urged B．forced C．required D．motivated31．A．concern B．sympathy C．knowledge D．experience32．A．Instantly B．Gradually C．Temporarily D．Accidentally33．A．miss B．expect C．notice D．recognize34．A．listener B．follower C．stranger D．watcher35．A．time B．beans C．money D．stories第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。FromtheadorablepandasinSichuantotheplayfulPallas’scatsinInnerMongolia,photographerXieJianguohascommittedhimselftodocumentingChina’srareandendangeredanimals,36highlightthecountry’suniquenaturalwonders.Xie’spassionfor37(photograph)wildanimalsisevidentinhisfrequentvisitstotheremotedestinationssuchastheArcticcontinent.Since2012,XieJianguohasredirectedhislens(镜头)towardhishomeland,focusing38wildlifeinChina.Nowhis39(footprint)havecoverednearlyalltheprovincesandregionsthroughoutChina.Duringhisshootingprocess,Xie40(place)greatemphasisonbuildingaharmoniousrelationshipwiththeanimalsheencounters,ensuringthattheyareundisturbedandrepresentedintheirnaturalstate.Xiesaid,“Iameager41(record)thebeautifulmomentsofwildlife,tonotonlyrepresenttheirlivingconditionsbutalsotoraisepeople’s42(aware)ofprotectingwildanimalsandtheirhabitats.43(hopeful),myimagescanshowthebiodiversityandtheachievementsofwildlifeprotectioninChina.”WiththeaimofpreservingthenaturalbeautyofChina44promotingitsrichnaturalimageculturetotheworld,Xielaunchedaprojectcalled“NatureImageChina”in2016.Sofar,over100photoexhibitions45(organize)bytheprojectathomeandabroad.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．假定你是李华，上周末参加了学校举办的书法讲座。现在你打算给英文校刊投稿，分享活动心得。内容包括：1.讲座时间和地点：2.讲座内容；3.你的感想。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Thefourthgraders’schooldaywascomingtoanend.Wilsonwasfillinghisbackpackwhenavoicecameoutoftheloudspeaker.“Goodafternoon,students.ThisisareminderthattheAll-CityMathContestwillbeintwoweeks.Thecontestisopentofifthandsixthgraders,andthetopprizeisfiftydollars.Pleasespeaktoyourteacherifyou’dliketoparticipate.“IamconfidentthatIcouldexcelinthatcontest,”Wilsonthoughttohimself.Determinedtoparticipateinthecompetition,herushedtohisteacher’sdeskandtoldherthathewantedtoenterthatmathcontest.Ms.Joneslookedupfromherpapersandsaid,“That’swonderful,Wilson,butI’mafraidthatthiscontestisforfifthandsixthgradersonly.Besides,ourclasshasnotyetcoveredsomeofthetopicsthatwillbetested.”Wilsonwasnotreadytogiveup.Heknewhehadanaturaltalentformath.“ButyouknowthatI’mgoodatmath!”Wilsonprotested.“Idomathproblemswithmybrotherallthetime-andhe’sinsixthgrade!IthinkIcoulddoreallywell!”“Youareaverygoodmathstudent,Wilson,butrulesarerules.I’msurethatyoucanenternextyear.”Wilsoncamehomefrustratedanddisappointed,stormedupstairswithoutsayingawordtohismother,andslammedthedoortohisroomshut.Hismotherquicklyappearedathisdoor,knocked,andcamein.“Dear,didsomethinghappentoday?”Shewasconcerned.Wilsonwasquietforaminute,thenitallcameout.Inaburstofemotion,hetoldhismomaboutthecontest,howexcitedhewastoenter,andhowangryhefeltwhenhisteachertoldhimthathewouldn’tbeallowedtodosothisyear.“It’sjustnotfair,Mom,”hecomplained.“IknowIcouldreallydowellonit.Whywon’ttheyletme?”Wilson’smotherputherhandonhisshoulder.“Sometimes,son,”shesaidsoftly,“peoplefollowrulesevenwhentheydon’tmakesense.Perhapsyoucanpersuadeyourteachertomakeanexceptionforyou.”Wilsonperkedup:hehadanidea.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Thenextday,WilsonwentstraighttoMs.Jones’office.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Fortyminuteslater,hefinishedMs.Jones’testandhandedittoher.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页1．D2．B3．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个促进个人成长的播客。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thepodcastcurrentlyhasover700episodes,eachwithdifferenttimelengths,from6minutesto30minutes.(该播客目前有700多集，每集的时长从6分钟到30分钟不等)”，第三段“Morethan100episodesarewaitingforyou,andtheaveragelengthofanepisodeisaboutonehour.(100多集在等着你，平均每集时长约1小时)”以及第四段“AdrienneHerberthasmademorethan250episodesinwhichshetalksaboutmotivation,trends,careerpathsandanythingaboutself-improvement.(阿德里安娜·赫伯特已经制作了250多集，她在其中谈论了动机、趋势、职业道路和任何关于自我提升的事情)”故可知，集数最多的是由DanHarris创作的TenPercentHappier。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Morethan100episodesarewaitingforyou,andtheaveragelengthofanepisodeisaboutonehour.(100多集在等着你，平均每集时长约1小时)”以及第四段“Anewepisodeairseveryweekandusuallylastsforanhour,soit’saperfectpodcastwhenyouneedalittlebitofaboosttokeepgoing.(每周播出一集，通常持续一个小时，所以当你需要一点动力来继续前进时，这是一个完美的播客)”可知，两个播客每集的平均时长大约都是1小时。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,thesoothingvoicesofthehostsandtheengagingsubjectswillmakeyoubecomeinterestedinpersonalgrowthanddevelopment,whichisessentialforyoutohaveabetterlife.(然而，主持人舒缓的声音和引人入胜的主题会让你对个人成长和发展产生兴趣，这对你过上更好的生活至关重要)”可推知，作者介绍这些播客的目的是让读者重视自我成长。故选A。4．B5．B6．C7．A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者看到妈妈对职业女性的憧憬和羡慕，用鼓励的方式帮妈妈实现梦想的故事，彰显了亲情之爱。4．细节理解题。根据第一段“However,Icouldtellfromhercuriosityofandattitudestowardworkingwomenthatsheenviedtheirfinancialfreedomandtheself-esteemthatmustcomewithit.(然而，从她对职业女性的好奇和态度中，我可以看出她羡慕她们的财务自由和随之而来的自尊)”可知，作者妈妈对职业女性的态度是好奇的，羡慕职业女性因工作所带来的财政自由和自尊，故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Foryears,Iwatchedheteffortlesslylightupconversationswithbothstrangersandfamily.Herempathyandabilitytoreachtheheartcouldmakeanyonelaugh,evenwhenthestoryitselfdidnotapplytothematall.(多年来，我看到她毫不费力地点亮了与陌生人和家人的谈话。她的同情心和打动人心的能力能让任何人开怀大笑，即使这个故事本身并不适用于他们)”可知，作者妈妈在与人交流和逗笑他人方面上有天赋，所以推荐妈妈去当一名单口相声演员。故选B。6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Shewasnotsurprisedasshehadhintedatitforlong.Butthenshesawthoselittlenotes.Shestartedtoweepwithherhandsfullofnotes.Shecouldnotbelievethesupportwasreal.(她并不感到惊讶，因为她早就得到暗示过了。但后来她看到了那些小纸条。她开始哭了，手里拿满了纸条。她不敢相信这种支持是真的)”可推知，妈妈看到纸条的反应十分感动和受鼓励，故选C。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Formanyparents,theirchildren’scareersaretheirgreatestaccomplishment,butformemymom’sismine.(对许多父母来说，孩子的事业是他们最大的成就，但对我来说，妈妈的事业就是我的)”可知，作者最大的成就是支持妈妈的梦想。故选A。8．D9．D10．B11．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文通过介绍语言学家MarcusPerlman针对bouba/kikieffect语言现象进行的测试，进而得出这一语言现象背后可能的原因：单词和形状似乎存在着对应关系，这一发现有可能有助于我们探寻语言的起源。8．细节理解题。根据第二段“MarcusPerlman,alecturerattheUniversityofBirmingham,saysthatacenturyago,linguists(语言学家)insistedthatthewordsofobjectsdon’tnecessarilysoundliketheverythings.There’snothingdoggy-soundingabouttheworddogorcatlike-soundingaboutthewordcat.Butthere’splentyofevidencenowprovingitfalse.Tofurtherexplorethisconnection,Perlmanandhiscolleaguesturnedtosomethingcalledthebouba/kikieffect.(伯明翰大学的讲师马库斯·帕尔曼说，一个世纪以前，语言学家坚持认为，物体的单词听起来不一定像物体本身。“狗”这个词听起来一点也不像狗，“猫”这个词听起来也不像猫。但现在有大量证据证明这是错误的。为了进一步探索这种联系，帕尔曼和他的同事们转向了一种叫做bouba/kiki效应的东西)”可知，马库斯·帕尔曼认为单词的发音与物体有关。故选D。9．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Tofurtherexplorethisconnection,Perlmanandhiscolleaguesturnedtosomethingcalledthebouba/kikieffect.(为了进一步探索这种联系，帕尔曼和他的同事们转向了一种叫做bouba/kiki效应的东西)”以及第三段“Whatitisaboutisthatwhenyouseetwoshapes-onelookslikeacloud,kindofroundish,andtheotheroneismorespiky(尖形的),likeastar-andwhenyou’reaskedtosaywhichoneisbouba,youwillbemorelikelytopointtoaroundedoneand,forkiki,toaspikyone.Oneexplanationfortheeffectcouldbetheappearanceoftheletters.Theroundshapeofb-o-u-b-amightarousethesenseofroundness.Butwhathappenswhenyoudon’tseethewordsbuthearthem?(它是关于当你看到两个形状——一个看起来像云，有点圆，另一个更尖，像星星——当你被要求说出哪个是bouba时，你更有可能指向一个圆的，而kiki则指向一个尖的。对这种影响的一种解释可能是字母的外观。b-o-u-b-a的圆形可能会引起圆的感觉。但是，当你看不见文字，但听到它们时，会发生什么呢？)”可知，第三段的主要内容是关于bouba/kiki效应的介绍。故选D。10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Whatevertheirnativelanguageis,mostparticipantssaidtheroundershapewasboubaandthespikyonewaskiki.(不管他们的母语是什么，大多数参与者都说圆形的是bouba，尖的是kiki)”可知，在听到“bauba”的声音后，参与者会选择圆圈。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据最后一句“Thissuggeststhattheeffectseemstobedrivenbysomecorrespondence(对应关系)betweenthespokenwordsandtheshapes,whichmightbringusclosertohowthefirstwordscame.(这表明，这种效应似乎是由口语和形状之间的某种对应关系所驱动的，这可能会让我们更接近于第一个单词是如何产生的)”可推知，这篇文章暗示了这种效应可能有助于理解语言的起源。故选C。12．A13．C14．D15．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家RobertSapolsky在《决定：一门没有自由意志的生命科学》一书中的观点，认为人的行为方式有时与目标和意图相冲突，这实际上是由无法控制的因素决定的。12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Onepersonmightwishtospendmoretimewithfamilybutinsteadfindthemselvesmindlesslybrowsingsocialmedia.Anothermayrepeatedlyignoretheiralarmandmisstheirmorningworkout.(有人可能希望花更多的时间和家人在一起，但却发现自己在漫无目的地浏览社交媒体。另一些人可能会反复忽略他们的闹钟，错过早上的锻炼)”可推知，作者通过举两个例子的方式来引入文章的话题。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第一段“However,inDetermined:AScienceofLifewithoutFreeWill,scientistRobertSapolskyarguesthatsuchchoicesareactuallydeterminedbyfactorsbeyondourcontrol.(然而，在《决定：一门没有自由意志的生命科学》一书中，科学家罗伯特·萨波尔斯基认为，这些选择实际上是由我们无法控制的因素决定的)”可知，科学家RobertSapolsky认为，是不可控的因素决定了我们的选择和行动。故选C。14．词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“culturetendtoavoidobstacles(障碍)whenwalkingwhereasthoseraisedinindependentcultureswillremovetheobstacles”可知，通过句子中的语义转折词“whereas”以及跟划线词形成对比的单词independent“自立的；独立的”可知，在集体主义文化中长大的人在路上遇到障碍时会避开，而在个人主义文化中长大的人则会去清除障碍。故划线单词的意思是“合作的；共同的”与D项的“cooperative”意思相近。故选D。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However,inDetermined:AScienceofLifewithoutFreeWill,scientistRobertSapolskyarguesthatsuchchoicesarethusactuallydeterminedbyfactorsbeyondourcontrol.(然而，在《决定：一门没有自由意志的生命科学》一书中，科学家罗伯特·萨波尔斯基认为，这些选择实际上是由我们无法控制的因素决定的)”以及最后一段“AlthoughSapolskyiscarefulnottoconfusedeterminismwiththeinabilitytoaffectchangeintheworld,hisunclearattitudetowardhowdeterminismmightcoexistwithfreewillisoneofthebook’sweakpoints.(尽管萨波尔斯基小心翼翼地避免将决定论与无法影响世界变化混为一谈，但他对决定论如何与自由意志共存的不明确态度是这本书的一个弱点)”综合可知，文章主要讲述了Sapolsky在其书中表明的有关决定论与自由意识的观点，故C选项“关于决定论和自由意志的观点”最符合文章标题。故选C。16．C17．E18．A19．G20．F【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了消费者在促销活动中保持明智的三种购物方法。16．根据上文“Shoppinginthesalesfeelslikeasubtlewaytospend.Lowerpricesnaturallyequalmoneysaved.(在促销活动中购物感觉像是一种精明的消费方式，较低的价格自然就等于节省下来的钱。)”以及下文“Sometimesyouthinkyou’regettingabargain,butactuallyyou’repayingmorethanyouneedto.(有时你以为买到了便宜货，但实际上你付出的比你需要的更多。)”可知，两句之间需要承上启下的过渡句，C选项Sadly,therearetricksplayedbyretailers.(遗憾的是零售商经常运用一些伎俩。)承上启下，同时下文与该句构成解释关系。故选C项。17．根据上文“Youmighthavebeentemptedtobuyamuchhigheritemthanyouactuallyneed,simplybecausewe’redazzledbythesizeofthediscount.(你可能会被诱惑以更高的价格购入一件物品，仅仅因为我们被折扣的幅度弄得眼花缭乱。)”以及下文“Youcanevenhavea‘need’notewhichyouaddtoregularly,allowingyoutofocusyourshoppingduringthesales.(你甚至可以有一个可定期添加的‘需要’便条，让你在促销活动期间专注于你的购物。)”可知，该处应为问题的解决办法。E选项Thebestwaytoavoidthisistocreateamust-havelistbeforeshopping(避免这种情况的最好方法是在购物前创建一个必备清单)符合语境，其中的this指代上文的betemptedtobuyamuchhigheritemthanyouactuallyneed，且amust-havelist与下文的note对应。故选E项。18．根据该空所处位置判断其应为简短祈使句结构的小标题。根据下文“Justbecausethere’sasalerunningwithalowerprice,doesn’tmeanyoucanscrambleforthegoodsimmediately.(仅仅因为有降价的销售，并不意味着你可以立即抢购商品。)”以及“ChristmascardsanddecorationsarebargainsinJanuarywhileTVstendtobeattheirlowestpricesintheearlysummerwhenthenewermodelsarereleased.(圣诞卡和装饰品在一月份是便宜货，而电视往往在初夏新款发布时价格最低。)”可知，本段建议读者安排好购物的时间，以便获得更低的价格。A项“安排你的购物时间”可以作为小标题，总领全段。故选A项。19．根据下文“Sothisisonlyastrategyfornon-essentials.(因此这只是一种针对非必需品的策略)”可知，这里降价只是一种促销方式，G选项Butyoumighthavefeweroptionstochoosefrom,orwillevenmissout.(但你的选择会更少，甚至会错过。)符合语境，与下文构成因果关系，且与上文“诞卡和装饰品在一月份是便宜货，而电视往往在初夏新款发布时价格最低”承接自然，虽然价格便宜但选择更少。故选G项。20．根据下文“Thatcouldmeanstayingawayformhigh-endbrands,