初中英语语法之定语从句课件省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖课件

定语从句(Attributiveclause)1/44一.定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中惯用‘……’表示。主要由形容词担任，另外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也能够来担任，也能够由一个句子来担任。作定语时通常放在它所修饰词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰词之后，作后置定语。2/441.概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词句子.

普通紧跟在它所修饰先行词之后。(Attributiveclause)Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句二.定语从句3/441.Themanisafarmer.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子:

Theman

whoisspeakingatthemeeting

isafarmer.4/44Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.5/44先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirl

who

haslonghair.that,which,who,whom,whosewhere,when，why2.结构：

先行词+关系词+句子3.先行词：被定语从句修饰词叫先行词。通常位于定语从句之前。4.关系词：引导定语从句词叫关系词。关系代词关系副词作用A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成份6/44

关系词通常有以下三个作用：A、___________；B、_____________；C、________________________。The

man

who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

is

a

policeman.

定语从句先行词关系词“who”是引导定语从句关系词，代替先行词the

man，在定语从句中作主语。引导定语从句代替先行词在定语从句中担当一个成份7/44三、关系代词引导定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语1)Theboys____areplayingsoccerarefromClass1.2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldman____losthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，在口语和非正式语体中惯用who代替，常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson_____________youtalkedabout.2)Theman______________youmetjustnowismyfriend.(whom/who)who/whomwhowho8/443.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

1)Thepeople__________cometovisitthecityareallhere.(做主语)2)Whereistheman__________________Isawthismorning?(做宾语)做主语做宾语that/whothat/whom/who9/44小结：that:既可指人,也可指物.作主语,不能省略；作宾语,能够省略。which:指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,能够省略.who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，能够省略,（惯用whom）

10/44注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句谓语动词形式由先行词定.1)I’mreadingabookthat/which__aboutBillGates.2)Heisateacherwho/that________usChinese.3)Theboyswho___playingsoccerarefromClass1.5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriend_______fatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahouse_______roofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经坍毁了房子里。isteachesarewhosewhose11/44四.修饰物体时关系代词that和

which区分(一)不用that情况1.在引导非限定性定语从句时。

1)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(___)2)Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(____)2.介词后不能用。

1)Wedependonthelandfrom______wegetourfood.2)Wedependontheland_____________wegetourfoodfrom.错对whichthat/which12/44(二)只能用that作为定语从句关系代词情况1.当先行词是everything,

anything,

nothing

(something

外),

all,

none,

few,

little,

some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every,

any,

all,

some,

no,

little,

few,

much等代词修饰时。如：

1)Have

you

taken

down

everything

___

Mr.

Li

said?

李老师讲你都记下来吗？

2)All

____

can

be

done

has

been

done.

全部能做都做好了。

3)There

is

little

_____I

can

do

for

you.

我不能为你干什么。thatthatthat

13/44注意：当先行词指人时，偶然也可用关系代who，如：

1)Any

man

__________

has

a

sense

of

duty

won’t

dosuch

a

thing.

任何有责任感人都不会做这么事。

2)All

the

guests___________

were

invited

to

her

wedding

were

important

people.

全部应邀来参加她婚礼客人都是主要人物。that

/

who

that

/

who14/442．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：

The

first

place

______

they

visited

in

London

was

the

Big

Ben.

在伦敦他们参观第一个地方是大本钟。3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：

This

is

the

best

film______

I

have

ever

seen.

这是我看过最好电影。that

that15/444．当先行词被the

very,

the

only,thelast修饰时。

1)This

is

the

very

dictionary

_____

I

want

to

buy.

这正是我要买词典。

2)After

the

fire

in

his

house,

the

old

car

is

the

only

thing

_____

he

owns.

家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他唯一拥有。注意：当先行词指人时，偶然也可用关系代词who。

Wang

Hua

is

the

only

person

in

our

school

______

will

attend

the

meeting.

王华是我校唯一出席会议人。thatthatwho16/445．当先行词前面有who,

which等疑问代词时。如：

1)Who

is

the

man_____

is

standing

by

the

gate?

站在门口那个人是谁？

2)Which

is

the

T-shirt

______

fits

me

most?

哪件T恤衫最合我身？6．当先行词为人与物时。如：

1)They

talked

about

the

persons

and

things

________

they

remembered

at

school

他们谈论着他们所能记起在校时人和事。

2)Look

at

the

man

and

his

donkey

______

are

walking

up

the

street.

瞧瞧那个沿街走来人和他

毛驴。

thatthatthatthat17/44Exercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/that3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.which/thatwhose18/444.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that19/447.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_____standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat20/44句子翻译1.这就是救了那个孩子命医生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.2.正在跑步那个人是我叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.21/443.我喜欢能够随之而唱音乐.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.4.住在隔壁那个女是一名教师.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.22/44Exercise1:用关系代词填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that23/445.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.24/44Exercise2.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.Sayall________youknow.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,

all

等词时，关系代词只能用that.25/444.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_____isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.当主句是who或which引导特殊疑问句时，或中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat26/44where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点定语从句。1)Shanghaiisthecity_______Iwasborn.=>Shanghaiisthecity_______wasbornin.2)Thehouse_______Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Thehouse_______Ilivedintenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.五、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词：where,when,why在句中作状语。wherewhichwherewhich27/442.when引导定语从句表示时间,在定语从句中做时间状语

也可做连接词用.Istillremembertheday_____Ifirstcametotheschool.2)Thetime______wegottogetherfinallycame.3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Pleasetellmethereason______youmissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereason________helooksunhappytoday.whenwhenwhywhy28/44六.关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which区分一样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；一样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子：29/441)Thisisthepark______wevisitedlastyear.2)Thisisthepark______weheldabirthdayparty.3)Shewon’tforgetthedays_____shespentontheisland.4)Shewon’tforgetthedays_______theystayedtogether.5)That’sthedate_______wewenttothecollege.6)That’sthedate_____shewon’tforgetforever.7)Ilikethetime______welivedtogether.8)Ilikethetime______wehadtogether.

thatwherethat

whenwhenthatwhenthat30/442.关系副词when,where,why和“介词+which”之间关系。关系副词when,where,why能够用“适当介词+which”来替换。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which介词位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。31/44(1)Thereason_______________herefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyear________________hewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Thisistheroom____________________Ilived.=Thisistheroom__________Ilivedin.(4)Tomstillremembersthedays______________

theylivedinTianjin.Why()when()where()inwhichinwhichforwhichwhichwhen(

)inwhich32/44注意：1）介词后面关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）一些在从句中充当初间，地点或原因状语"介词+关系词"结构能够同关系副when,where和why交换。

33/441)Thisisthehouse_________Ilivedtwoyearsago.=>ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.2)Doyouremembertheday＿＿＿＿＿youjoinedourclub?=>Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?3)Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.=>Thisisthereason____________hecamelate.inwhichonwhichforwhich34/44Exercise1.October1,1949istheday_____thePRCwasfounded.whichB.whenC.thatD.onthat2.Isthatthereason_____youarefortheplan.A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat3.Isthistheplace______youwereborn?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that35/441.Isthistheplace______youwereborn?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that2.Isthistheplace______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastyear?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.why36/443.Thehouse_______thefamouswriterwrotehisworksisamuseumnow.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that4.Thehouse_______thefamouswriterboughtmanyyearsagoisamuseumnow.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.why37/445.Hetoldherthereason____heisunhappy,butshedoesn’tbelievethereason______hegivesher.A.why;whyB.why;whichC.that;whyD.which;why38/44一.Fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativepronounsandadverbs..1.Thisistheonlybook____Igotlastyear.2.Isthisthebookin______youareinterested?3.Thisisthelargestanimal____Tomsawinthezoo.4.Rosestillremembersthetreesandteachers____exist(存在)inthemotherschool.5.Allthedesks____areboughtlookreallywonderful.thatwhichthatthatthat39/446.Doyouhaveanymoney____isusedtobuildthefactory?7.Tomhasatoy,______wasgivenbyhisfather.8.Thisisthesecondwatch____myfatherboughtforme.9.Isthistheroom____youcleanedlasttime?10.Isthistheroom______welivedbefore?11.Thisi