专题01完形填空之记叙文（精讲）（原题版）

专题01完形填空之记叙文（精讲）考点考点精讲【题型概述】中考英语完形填空旨在全面考查考生英语基础知识，阅读理解能力，和综合运用语言的能力。完形填空的命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”能够掌握足够的词汇量，正确运用词类和词语的正确搭配。具有一定的语言运用能力，综合分析能力和词汇辨析能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑推理和判断能力，归纳能力。以语篇为载体,测试语言知识和语言能力。考查内容：1.试题以名词，动词，形容词和副词等信息词汇为考查重点，淡化对介词，连词，冠词等结构的考察，测试学生在具体情境中灵活运用所学知识的能力。2.实词中偏重于对动词和名词的考查，同时对形容词、副词以及其他词类的考查。试题以情境意义选择为主，纯语法性选择近年已趋近于零。3.降低对单词考查的要求，突出对文章整体内容理解能力的考查以及同义词与近义词的比较分辨。需要具备的学习素质和能力：词汇，语法，长难句分析。能力要求：1.牢固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语词汇知识。2.英语阅读理解能力,良好的阅读习惯，熟练的阅读技巧。3.分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间逻辑关系的能力。4.逻辑思维能力。特别是总结概括、推理判断和分析归纳的能力。包括情景推理判断、常识推理判断、逆向推理判断及比较推理判断等。5.完型填空的能力目标要求牢固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语词汇知识。6.扎实的英语词汇、短语、惯用法等英语固定搭配的知识。特别是英语词汇意义和用法的辨析能力。在阅读中捕捉记忆相关信息的能力。【命题解读】完形填空记叙文选材内容源于真实生活，以人物思想和行为为中心，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养等正能量。以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；1.语义优先于语法原则文章的开头部分尤其是第一句话不设空格，它起到的作用是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示，并且单纯的语法题已从该题型中逐渐消失。如果一味按照语法规则来选择答案，就必定陷入了答题误区。2.词内选项句内找原则四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。【应试技巧】1、了解记叙文的六要素记叙文，无论是记人还是叙事，都会交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件、经过和结果，即记叙文的“六要素”。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。2、明确作者的写作目的就事论事一般来说不是作者记叙的目的，作者往往通过叙述阐明个道理。作者总是为了某个目的，在情节选择和细节描写上作出合理的安排。读者明晰了写作目的，就能抓住文章的主旨。3、读懂作者的观点或态度解题时要认真分析全文，看作者是否一直采用某种态度叙事或描述人。为了增加试题难度，命题人往往采用变化的形式，考生只有在语境的指导下，对文章进行逻辑推断，才能推出文字之下的深层信息。4、弄清作者叙述的视角弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个:第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称就是从”参与者”的角度进行记叙，读者可从字里行间感受到作者态度和感情。用第三人称就是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述，作者的语气客观，与读者保持定距高，读者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的写作角度有助于我们抓住作者思维，深入理解文章的意义，把握好语境。课堂课堂典例（一）、利用文章首句信息解题完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项选择。首句或前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，可以帮助考生判断全文大意甚至全文主题。所以利用首句信息解题是处理完形填空中任何问题都必须遵循的步骤，掌握好了首句，有助于抓住文章主旨，因而我们才可以通过上下文确定文章所要前进的方向。【示例】ItwasacoldwinterafternoonbeforeChristmas.MyparentsandIsatonthebenchinUnionRailwayStationinWashingtonD．C,waitingforthe____1____.Insidethewaitinghallweremanypeople.1．A．train B．bus C．plane D．car【示例】Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits（学分）...ImanagedtogetanAinthat__1__andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe2classroom．1．A.game B．testC．course D．experiment（二）、利用上下文逻辑关系解题完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、并列、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。【示例】WhenBillylookedthroughboxes,walkedthroughpapers____48____didsomecleaning,hefoundallkindsoflittletreasures.Hefoundoldtoys,manybooksandfunnypicturesofhisparents.Thepicturesweretaken____49____theywereyounger.Billyfound48．A．or B．but C．so D．and【示例】Onthedayoftherace,justbeforetherace,myfathersaidtome,“Don’trunoutofallyourenergy(能量)atthe___65___oftherace.Youneedtohaveenergy,___66___youcanrunmuchfasterattheend.”66．A．because B．so C．since D．but（三）、利用排比结构解题 “排比结构”指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。排比结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。试题命制者常从排比结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。【示例】Wewerealltouched.Dad_____13_____andsoonreturnedwithcupsofhotchocolateandapizza.MumandDadwentuptothoserags,“Excuseme...”13．A．wentaway B．tookaway C．putaway D．gaveaway（四）、利用词汇复现解题 由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。【示例】Istartedtoloverunningatayoungage.Ilovedtoracemyfatherandmysisteraroundourbig___61___.IwishedIcouldrunintheOlympicsandwinlotsofmedals........I___63___thenextfewdayspracticingformybigrace.Mysistersetupatableinthebackyardsoshecould___64___mewaterandtimeme.61．A．garden B．playground C．house D．backyard【示例】Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife，collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis__41__processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy42.experienceatcollegeforthebetter：IdiscoveredASL—AmericanSignLanguage(美式手语)．41．A.searching B．planningC．natural D．formal（五）、利用对比结构解题对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。【示例】Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedinmedicineandhadreadabook,whichdiscussedtheideaofhowbodychemistryandhealthcanbedamagedbyemotionalstressandnegative__47__.ThebookmadeCousinsthinkaboutthepossible__48__ofpositiveattitudesandemotions.47.A.attitudes B.beliefs C.goals D.positions48.A.shorting B.harm C.benefit D.interest【示例】“Ofcourse,we22.noticeitwhenthesunisshining，”saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown’stourismoffice.“Weseetheskyis__23__，butdowninthevalleyit’sdarker—it’slikeona24.cloudyday.”23．A.emptyB．blueC．high D．wide（六）、利用词汇差异解题词汇是完形填空的最大的考点,主要是对实义词的考查，如名词，形容词、动词，副词等。上海卷完形填空已经很少从语法结构分析或词汇的固定搭配角度来设置考点，测试要点主要是词意或用法辨析。解答此类题目时考生只需辨别意思即可，而对于同义或近义词，一定要结合上下文内容，根据句意做出判断。有时从单句看．似乎不止只有一个答案。必须结合上下文在含义和用法等多方面加以考虑才能做出选择。【示例】…fortestinghisnewinvention—UmbrellaHat.Hecouldhardlywaittoseewhetheritcouldkeeptherainoff.Hecarefully14thehatonhisheadandstartedwalking…14．A.raisedB．placedC．droppedD．repaired【示例】Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,buthealwaystriedhisbestinwhateverothersweredoing.Thatwaswhy____18____noneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualforhimtojointhecrosscountryteam.18．A．hardlyB．nearly C．exactly D．probably（七）、利用作者情感态度来解题第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用，因此，我们有时候可以根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性来排除干扰做出正确的选择。Onedayithappened,asmallholeformedinthecocoonandthebutterflystartedtostruggle(挣扎)toeout.Atfirsttheboywas____16____,butsoonhebecameworried.Thebutterflywasstrugglingsohard.16．A．shockedB．relaxed C．excited D．disappointed【示例】Ifiguredwhoeverlostthedogwasprobablyjustas59.closetoitasIamtomydogs，”saysEhlers.“Ifithadbeenmydog,I’dhopethatsomebodywouldbe__16__togothatextramile.”A.suitableB．proudC．wise D．Willing（八）、依据常识，确定答案完形填空的文章内容往往与文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识。知识范围越广，越有利于文章的理解。因而答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断，最终确定答案。【示例】“Iwilldisplaythreebestinventionsinmyshop.I'msureyouwillhavea(n)15ofwinningaprize.”15．A.choiceB．chanceC．excuseD．experience仿真仿真演练一、完形填空Jennylivedinasmallvillage.Whenshewasachild,whatshelikedtodomostwastowatchtheblueskyandenjoybirdsflyingfreelyinthesky.Shealways1thatsomedayshecouldalsoflylikeabird.WhenJennywasinthefourthgrade,herteacheraskedthemtowriteapassageabouttheir2.Init,shewrotethatshewantedtobeeanairplanepilotinthefuture.However,tohersurprise,herpapercamebackwithan“F”onit.Jennyfelt3andsad.Inherheart,shedidn’twantto4herteacher’sopinion.Whywasitimpossible?Butthepeople5Jennydidn’tsupportherandtoldheroverandoveragain,“Girls6beepilots;neverhave,andneverwill.You’recrazy.”Finally,Jennyfelthopelessand7herdream.Jennywasintheseniorhighschoolseveral8later.OnedayherEnglishteacher,Mrs.Slaton,gavetheclassa9aboutwhattheywouldbedoinginthefuture.Jennythoughthardaboutit,“Pilot?Noway!Artist?Notalent!Waitress?Icandoit.”10shewroteitdown.WhatJennywrotesurprisedMrs.Slaton,”Isthatwhatyouarereallyinterestedin?Ithinkyouwillbe11todosomethingfullofmorechallenges.”Jeanfeltexcited,butshewasstill12thatshewouldbelaughedatagain.Theteachercontinued,”Everyoneofyouowntalent.Ifyoudon’tgoforyourdream,13willdoitforyou.”Hearingthat,withgreatcourageshewrotedownherolddream.Mrs.Slaton’swords14Jennyalot.Aftertenyearsofhardwork,Jenny’sdreamcametrue.Shebecameoneofthefirstthreewomen15intheworld.Sticktoyourdreamifit’swhatyoureallywant!1．A．imagined B．realized C．agreed D．suggested2．A．interests B．dreams C．families D．hobbies3．A．tired B．nervous C．stupid D．disappointed4．A．learn B．accept C．show D．discuss5．A．with B．including C．around D．except6．A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．daren’t7．A．sentup B．gaveup C．putup D．madeup8．A．days B．weeks C．months D．years9．A．suggestion B．notice C．present D．task10．A．Before B．Though C．Unless D．So11．A．able B．glad C．ready D．relaxed12．A．thankful B．excited C．worried D．regretful13．A．nobody B．somebody C．anybody D．everybody14．A．praised B．encouraged C．required D．punished15．A．artists B．waitresses C．pilots D．teachers二、完形填空ItwasacoldwindywinterdayandIwaswalkinghomefromwork.Myheadpointeddownagainstthe1whenInoticedanoldlady.Shewas2onthesidewalkinherhouseslippers(拖鞋)AsI3her,Isawthatshewaswellintoher80s,andshewasholdingsome4inherhands.Iwalkedonandarrivedatthetrafficlight.Waitingthere,Isawthemailbox5thestreet.Thelightturnedgreen,butIpretended(假装)tocheckmyphoneandwaitedforhertocatchupwithme.Inthisneighborhood,evencrossingwiththegreenlightwas6.Driversoftendrove7throughredlightsandstopsigns.Istayedthereuntilshe8me.Iturnedtoherandtouchedhergentlyonthearm.Shesmiledandtookmyhandinhersand9it.Hersmallhandwassoftandwarm.Handinhand,wewerewaitingforthe10tochange.Whenthelightturnedgreen,wewalkedtogetherslowlyacrossthestreet,11thelettersinthemailbox.ThenItookher12acrossthestreet.AsIwalkedtherestofthewayhome,Icouldstillfeelthe13ofherhandinmyown.Peoplesaythefirstlanguageofallhumansis14.Acaringtouchhelpstomakeabadsituation45.Andevennow,everytimeIthinkoftheoldlady,Icanstillfeelthepoweroftouch.1．A．crowd B．snow C．wind D．rain2．A．begging B．walking C．running D．riding3．A．knew B．expected C．missed D．passed4．A．letters B．pictures C．books D．flowers5．A．across B．over C．through D．behind6．A．strange B．crazy C．dangerous D．safe7．A．carefully B．quietly C．wildly D．calmly8．A．called B．reached C．found D．caught9．A．pushed B．pulled C．hit D．held10．A．way B．light C．ride D．traffic11．A．took B．sent C．dropped D．locked12．A．forward B．back C．away D．ahead13．A．warmth B．trust C．care D．love14．A．help B．kindness C．touch D．action15．A．interesting B．necessary C．popular D．hopeful三、完形填空根据短文内容，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Itwasoneofthehottestdaysofthedryseason.Wehadnotseen1inalmostamonth.Thecropsweredying.Cowshadstoppedgiving2.Ifwedidn’tseesomerainsoonwewouldloseeverything.Iwas

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overanhourwalking7tothewoods,thenrunningbacktothehouse.Finally,Iwasso

8thatIwentoutofthehouseand9himonhisjourney.Hewascuppingboth10infrontofhimashewalked;beingverycarefulnottospillthewaterheheldinthem.Branchesandthorns(荆棘)slappedhislittlefacebuthedidnottryto11them.AsIcameclosetohim,Isawthemostamazingscene.Severallarge12appearedthreatening(威胁）infrontofhim.ButBillywalkedrightuptothem.Ialmost13forhimtogetaway.AndIsawababydeerlyingontheground,obviouslysuffering（遭难）fromheavylossofwater,14itsheadtodrinkthewatercuppedinmybeautifulboy’shands.Istoodontheedgeofthewoodswatchingthemostbeautiful15workingsohardtosavea

life.Asmytearsbegantohittheground,theyweresuddenlyjoinedbyotherdrops...andmoredrops...andmore.1．A．wind B．snow C．rain D．cloud2．A．food B．drink C．water D．milk3．A．livingroom B．kitchen C．bedroom D．study4．A．woods B．river C．lake D．house5．A．sadness B．success C．effort D．confidence6．A．behaviour B．activity C．mood D．feeling7．A．quickly B．hurriedly C．carelessly D．carefully8．A．angry B．sad C．curious D．calm9．A．waitedfor B．lookedfor C．followed D．hit10．A．hands B．arms C．legs D．feet11．A．face B．cut C．prevent D．avoid12．A．horses B．cows C．deer D．sheep13．A．screamed B．rushed C．made D．laughed14．A．shake B．lift C．put D．hit15．A．heart B．head C．hair D．face四、完形填空阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Onebrightmorning,IwasoutformyusualrunwhenImetanelderlylady.Shewaswavingher1atmeandspeakinginalanguageIcouldn’tunderstand.Itseemedlikeshewasinahurrytogosomewhere.Iquicklyrealizedthatshewas2andcouldn’tspeakanyEnglish.Sheshowedmesomemapscreenshots(截屏),butIhadnoidea3toreadthem.SoIsoondownloadedatranslationappwhichwecoulduseto4.Shespokeintothemicrophoneinherlanguage,andittranslatedherwordsintoEnglishfor5tounderstand.Knowingwhatshemeant,Igavemy6andinthisway,wewereabletomunicate!ThenI7thatsheneededtogohome,whichwasalongwalkaway.Shedidn’twanttogotherebybusorbycar.SoIofferedto8hertoabusstopwhereshecouldaskherdaughterforaride.Ontheway,wejokedandlaughed,9wecouldn’tunderstandeachother’slanguage.Itwasaprettyfunexperience!Theelderlyladywasvery10formyhelpandmytime.Ihadtokeepremindingherthatitwasno11atallandthatIwashappytohelp.Itwasamazinghowjustasmallactof12madesuchabigdifferencetoher.13,wereachedthebusstopandshemadehercall.Wesaidourgoodbyesandshesentmeaheartwarmingmessagethatmademe14thegoodnessofhumans.Eventhoughweusedtechnology,itwas15thatwecouldhelpeachotheroutandnotbestoppedbyourdifferentlanguages.Ifyouwant,thereisalwaysawaytohelp.1．A．hat B．phone C．map D．newspaper2．A．lost B．hungry C．ill D．tired3．A．when B．where C．how D．why4．A．learn B．review C．municate D．search5．A．me B．her C．them D．it6．A．examples B．replies C．reasons D．choices7．A．checked B．reported C．realized D．expressed8．A．walk B．drive C．push D．lift9．A．unless B．while C．because D．though10．A．thankful B．peaceful C．careful D．hopeful11．A．worry B．use C．excuse D．trouble12．A．kindness B．happiness C．loneliness D．shyness13．A．Actually B．Normally C．Suddenly D．Finally14．A．giveup B．lookinto C．believein D．leaveout15．A．fair B．mon C．fascinating D．lucky五、完形填空通读下面文章，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选一个最佳选项。JasmineandBethThomsonaresistersbutthey’reverydifferent.Paleskinned(苍白的)Jasminehasgotlong,whitehairandwhiteeyebrows.1,hersister,Beth,isdarkhairedandherskinisalsoquitedark.Whenyou’reapersonwithalbinism(白化病)likeJasmine,peoplesometimesaren’tverynice.ButJasmineisalwaysa2andconfidentperson.Whentheywalkdownthestreet,somepeople3Jasminestrangely,andoneortwomakements,butJasminedoesn’treact4.“Peoplesometimessaybadthingsaboutyou,”shesays.“Oftenthisisbecausethey