高三英语一轮复习非谓语之不定式课件

非谓语动词高考复习专题Part3不定式

📕一、不定式构成1.动词不定式的构成：基本形式：to+动词原形（有时可不用to）否定形式：not+to+动词原形被动形式：tobedone完成形式：tohavedone完成式的被动语态：tohavebeendone动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。📕二、不定式句法功能1.作主语：1）不定式作主语多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。Towalktoschooltakesme15minutes.(具体的)→Ittakes/tooksb.+时间+todosth.2）不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在谓语之后。基本形式：itis+adj./n./-ed+(forsb.)todo.戒烟是正确的。Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.完成这项任务花了我3个小时Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthetask.2.不定式作宾语1)动词+todo规则下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装

decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮

offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help(后面跟不定式作宾语时,to可以省略)我选择学德语而不是学法语。IchoosetolearnGermanratherthanFrench.📕二、不定式句法功能📕二、不定式句法功能特别注意介词to后要用动名词。(1)介词后常跟动词－ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。(2)关注介词to的固定短语·lookforwardto...期待，盼望……·objectto...反对……·bedevotedto...致力于……·beopposedto...反对……·adapt/adjustto...适应……·leadto...导致……📕二、不定式句法功能2)动词+疑问词+todo在连接代词(what/who/which)或连接副词(where/why/when)以及whether后面接一个带to的不定式，可以看成是宾语从句的省略形式。Idon’tknowwhether____________(answer)hisletter.Iwonderwhat__________(do)next.这类的动词有：ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,forget,findout,guess,imagine,know,learn,observe,remember,see,tell,teach,understand,wonder...toanswertodo📕二、不定式句法功能3)动词+it+宾补+todo此时，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的todo不定式常用动词：make,find,feel,think,believe,consider结构：make/find/feelthink/believe/considerit+n/adj.+todo⚠当it后面是nouse或nogood时，todo应改为doing

Ifindithardtopersuadeher.例1.我觉得回答这个问题很难Ithinkithardtoanswerthequestion.例2.我发现要吃完这顿饭是一个负担Ifinditaburdentofinishthemeal/eatthewholefood.📕二、不定式句法功能Theeventalsoencouragedher____________(found)thecommunity.Theyoffered_________(do)somevoluntaryworkduringtheschoolholidays.Theactivitynotonlyenabledus________(learn)Chineseculturebetterbutalsopromotedourfriendship.Mrs.Greenobjectedto___________(advertise)theproduct.Whenitcomesto______________(play)badminton,herfaceisglowingwithexcitement.Hemadeitarule_________(read)Englisheveryday.Idon’tknowwhether_________(eat)firstortotakeashowerfirst.Ifinditnouse__________(organize)thediscussion.tofoundtodotolearnadvertisingplayingtoreadtoeatorganizing3.不定式作表语不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或将来的动作。MydreamistoenterBeijingUniversity.主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,plan,proposal,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组,表语用不定式说明其内容Myideais___________(climb)themountainfromthenorth.Mysuggestionis_____________(start)workatonce.📕二、不定式句法功能toclimbtostart4.不定式作定语不定式作定语表示将来的动作。1）thefirst/lasttodo不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelast_________(leave)theschool.(2)todo修饰词常常是抽象名词，有:ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。Theability___________(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed

(invest)indisasterprevention.

Thereisnopoint_________(argue)withhim.📕二、不定式句法功能toleavetoexpresstoinvestarguing4.不定式作定语不定式作定语表示将来的动作。3）不定式与其修饰的名词之间在逻辑上有动宾关系。Ihavealotofwork

to

do.我有很多工作要做。例.在周日，他总是有很多信要写。Onsundays,healwayshasalotofletterstowrite.📕二、不定式句法功能5.不定式作宾补（主+谓+宾+宾补）1）see/hear/watch/notice/observe/findsbdo的被动语态：Sb.beseen/heard/watched/noticed/observed/foundtodo例.Wesawthecarstop.→Thecarwasseentostop📕二、不定式句法功能2）make/letsb.do的被动语态：→sb.bemade/lettodo.例.Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.→Hewasmadetogiveupsmoking.3)consider/think/believesb(tobe)+n.句式中tobe常常省略例.我们认为他是一个好老师Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher.📕二、不定式句法功能6.不定式作状语不定式可以作原因状语、目的状语、结果状语。1）作原因状语Iamsorrytohearthat.Iamsodelightedtoreceiveyourletter.例.我很荣幸能代表学校发表这个演讲。（代表onbehalfof）Iamhonoredtomake/deliverthespeechonbehalfofourschool.📕二、不定式句法功能6.不定式作状语不定式可以作原因状语、目的状语、结果状语。2）作目的状语Iamsavinguptobuyacar.⚠inorder(not)todo和soas(not)todo.都表目的，后者不可以位于句首例.为了研究大袋鼠，他来到了澳洲Inordertostudykangaroos,hecametoAustralia..📕二、不定式句法功能6.不定式作状语不定式可以作原因状语、目的状语、结果状语。3）作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型①so/such......todoWearenotsostupidtobuyhiswords.②enoughtodoHedidn’trunfastenoughtocatchthetrain③too......todo太......而不能Theteaistoohottodrink.④onlytodo结果却...Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.📕二、不定式句法功能be+不定式结构（表将来）我们马上开始这项工作。Weareabout___________(begin)thework.这房间将要上锁。Theroomis___________(lock).2.疑问词+不定式疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how,why后加不定式构成不定式短语Idon’tknowwhether_____________(go)tothemeetingornot.📕三、不定式其他常见结构tobegintobelockedtogo3.with+名词+todo(表未做）Withmyhomework_______(do),Ishallnotbeabletogotothecinemawithyou.Withmyhomework_______(do),Ibreathedasighofrelief.WiththeSpring__________(come),everythingcomesbacktolife.4.用作独立成分的不定式说老实话：坦白说：首先：简言之：📕三、不定式其他常见结构tododonecomingtotellyouthetruthtobefrank\honesttobeginwithtobebrief四、练习tojourney(2022·全国甲卷)Avisually－challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep____________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority______________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.(2022·全国乙卷)__________________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.(2020·天津7月卷改编)Vinnieconfirmedherability____________(make)afull－lengthstatuebyhighlightingthehe