英语北师大版选修8习题Unit22EnvironmentalProtection22.4

municationWorkshop课时过关·即时巩固一、单词拼写1Thelittleboyaskedhisfathertohelptosthepencil.

答案:sharpen2Infact,hiswordshavebeencatthebottomofherheart.

答案:carved3Canyou(计算)howmuchwewillspendonthetravel?

答案:calculate4Hermotheris(体贴的)andwealllikeher.

答案:considerate5Maize(进化)fromawildgrassinMexico.

答案:evolved二、短语填空asamatteroffactbreakawayfromplugone’searsontheincreaseallthebest1Thenumberofpeopleaskingtogothereis.

答案:ontheincrease2Here’swishingyouintheingyear.

答案:allthebest3Theprisonertriedtothepolice,butfailed.

答案:breakawayfrom4Haveyouheardofthestory“whilestealingabell”?

答案:Plugone’sears5,Idon’tlikehissongsatall.

答案:Asamatteroffact三、阅读理解A“Globalwarmingcouldmakehumansshorter,”warnscientistswhoclaimtohavefoundevidencethatitcausedtheworld’sfirsthorsestoshrinknearly50millionyearsago.Infact,ateamfromtheuniversitiesofFloridaandNebraskasaysithasfoundalinkbetweentheEarthheatingupandthesizeofmammals—horses,inthiscase,thelasttimetheworldheatedup.Thescientistsusedfossilstofollowtheevolutionofhorsesfromtheirearliestappearance56millionyearsago.Astemperatureswentup,theirsizewentdown,andviceversa;atonepointtheywereassmallasahousecat,saidDrJonathanBloch,curator(馆长)oftheFloridaMuseumofNaturalHistory,wasquotedbytheDailyMailassaying.Thescientistssaythatthecurrentwarmingcouldhavethesameeffectonmammals—andcouldevenmakehumanssmaller.“Horsesstartedoutsmall,aboutthesizeofasmalldoglikeaminiatureschnauzer(雪纳瑞犬).What’ssurprisingisthataftertheyfirstappeared,theythenbecameevensmallerandthendramaticallyincreasedinsize,andthatexactlycorrespondstotheglobalwarmingevent,followedbycooling.Ithadbeenknownthatmammalsweresmallduringthattimeandthatitwaswarm,butwehadn’tunderstoodthattemperaturespecificallywasdrivingtheevolutionofbodysize,”DrBlochsaidintheSciencejournal.1Howdidthescientistsfindouttheevolutionofhorses?A.Byusingfossils.B.Byfollowingthehorses.C.Byheatingup.D.Bystudyingcats.解析:细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知,科学家用化石来追溯马从5,600万年前诞生至今的进化历程。答案:A2WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?A.Globalwarminghashappenedmorethanonce.B.TheEarthheatingupwasconnectedwiththesizeofhorses.C.HorsesfirstappearedontheEarth56millionyearsago.D.Thepresentglobalwarmingissuretomakehumansshorter.解析:细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知,当前的全球变暖“可能”而不是“必定”会让人类的个子变矮。答案:D3Whatdoestheunderlinedword“miniature”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Small. B.Large.C.Natural. D.Gentle.解析:词义猜测题。根据单词“miniature”中的前缀“mini(小的)”可知。另外,根据画线词miniature出现的句子的语境“马最初的个头很小,和一只小狗的个头差不多,大约也就像一只……雪纳瑞犬那么大”可知。答案:A4Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.GlobalWarmingCouldMakeHumansShorterB.ScientistsfromFloridaandNebraskaC.HorsesUsedtoBeLikeCatsD.DrJonathanBloch解析:标题概括题。科学家们研究发现“地球温度的变化影响着哺乳动物身体的大小”,继而科学家发出警告,全球变暖可能会使人类变矮。故选项A作为标题最佳。答案:ABAUGUSTA,Maine—RepaircrewsfromMainetoMichiganandintoCanadaworkedtorestorepowertomorethanhalfamillionhomesthatwereleftinthedarkbylastweekend’sicestorm,whichhasbeenlinkedto27deaths.IntheUnitedStates,thestormcausedatleast17deathsonChristmasDay,fromtrafficaccidentsandcarbonmonoxide(一氧化碳)poisoning.InCanada,10peoplewerereporteddead,includingsevenwhowerereporteddeadfromapparentcarbonmonoxidepoisoning.PolicesaidfivepeopleinOntariodiedafterusinggastoheattheirhomenortheastofTorontoandtwoinQuebecinawoodenhouse.Earlier,threepeoplewerekilledineasternCanadainhighwaycrashesblamedonsevereweatherconditions.TheicestormlastweekendwasoneoftheworsttohitduringaChristmasweek,andrepaircrewswereworkingaroundtheclocktorestoreservice.AstemperaturesdecreasedsharplyinToronto,authoritiesreportedasuddenjumpincallsforhelpforsuspectedcarbonmonoxidepoisoning,respondingto110callsina24hourperiod.Officialssaidtheytypicallysee20suchcallsaday.Fireofficialswarnedpeoplenottouseanythingthatwouldburninsideahome,andevencautionedagainstusingalotofcandles.“Iunderstandtheywanttokeepwarm,butyoucannotdothis.Thisisdeadly,”TorontoMayorRobFordsaidTuesday.InToronto,about72,000customersremainedwithoutpoweronChristmasmorning.ElsewhereinOntario,about30,000customerswerestillinthedark.TensofthousandsofhomeswerestillwithoutpoweronWednesdayinMichigan,downfrommorethan500,000atthestorm’speak(顶峰).Mainehadabout60,000withoutpower.CanadianofficialswarnedthatsomecustomerscouldbewithoutpoweruntilSaturday.5WhatisthemaincauseofthedeathinCanada?A.Theirhouses’burningdown.B.Trafficaccidentsonhighways.C.Carbonmonoxidepoisoning.D.Usinglotsofcandlesathome.解析:推理判断题。根据前三段内容“在加拿大10个死亡的人当中有7人死于一氧化碳中毒”,再结合第五段内容可知,一氧化碳中毒是造成这些人死亡的主要原因。答案:C6Whywasthereajumpincallsforhelp?A.Becausetherewasasuddendropintemperature.B.Becausemanycrasheshappenedonthehighway.C.Becausealotofpeoplewantedtoordercandles.D.Becausepeoplecouldn’tgetouttopaytheirbills.解析:推理判断题。根据第五段可知,气温急剧下降,许多人打求助。答案:A7Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Therepairworkhasn’tbeenfinished.B.Theicestormlastweekendwastheworst.C.Fireofficialsdidn’tgivepeoplewarning.D.Theicestormisatitspeakatthemoment.解析:推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知,停电将持续到周六,由此推断电力维修尚未完成。答案:A8What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ColdChristmaseswithoutPowerB.IceStormLeavesManyHouseswithoutPowerC.IceStormCausesManyDeathsonRoadD.TheWorstDisasterHappensinCanada解析:标题概括题。这是一则新闻,文章第一段是新闻内容的概括,由此得出答案。答案:B四、七选五阅读理解Alaughtrack,sometimescalledcannedlaughter,isacollectionofprerecordedaudiencelaughterandapplausesoundsaddedtotelevisionprogramsduringpostproduction.Themainpurposeofthetrackistotrigger(激发)aresponsefromhomeviewerswhomaynotunderstandalloftheintendedhumourwhenwatchingatapedsit(situationedy).1Therefore,cannedlaughtercausesnaturalreactionstoedies.

2TheproducersoftheHankMcCuneShowaddedcannedlaughteraftertheshow’staping.Untilthattime,otherradioandtelevisionediesusedalivestudioaudienceornocannedlaughteratall.In1953,asoundengineernamedCharleyDouglassinventedtheLaffBox,asmallelectronicdevice(装置)containingnumeroussoundsofrecordedlaughterandapplause.ItissaidthatCharleyDouglassselectedalmostallofhislaughtrackmaterialfrominstudiorecordingsofseveraldifferentedyshows.3

Duringthe1970s,manysitschosetogetridofthepracticealtogetherormixliveaudiencereactionswiththecannedlaughter.Filmingashowinfrontofaliveaudiencebecameasymbolofhonour.4Liveaudiencesdidnotalwaysprovideausableresponse,especiallyafteralongdayofretakes.

Today,thesamepan