专题04 数词 - 主谓一致（讲练）（原卷版）-2024中考英语二轮复习

1/1专题04数词，主谓一致表示数量多少或顺序先后的词称为数词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词两类。基数词表示数目“多少”；序数词表示数目的顺序“第几”。考查重点：日期的表达方法；某些数词的特殊表达形式；数词单位hundred,thousand,million的用法。1.(2023·黑龙江)RedStaroverChina(《红星照耀中国》)issopopularthat________ofthestudentsinourclasshavefinishedreadingit.A.twothird B.twothirds C.secondthree【答案】B【解析】句意：《红星照耀中国》非常受欢迎，我们班三分之二的学生都读完了。考查分数表达。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式。B选项符合。故选B。2.(2023·山东滨州)Thenumberofthefansgoingtothisconcertisaboutthree________.And________ofthemaregirls.A.thousand;twothird B.thousands;twothirdC.thousand;twothirds D.thousands;twothirds【答案】C【解析】句意：去听这场音乐会的歌迷大约有三千人，其中三分之二是女孩。考查thousand和分数的表达。thousand被具体的基数词修饰时，用单数形式，且不与of连用，表示具体的数词，空前有three，所以第一空填thousand；分数的表达：分子（基数词）/分母（序数词），当分子大于1时，分母中的序数词要变为复数，所以三分之二则表达为“twothirds”，故选C。一、基数词基数词的写法或读法表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。如one,five,ten,thirty,sixty-five0zero1one11eleven100onehundred2two12twelve20twenty1,000onethousand3three13thirteen30thirty1,000,000onemillion4four14fourteen40forty10,000,000tenmillion5five15fifteen50fifty100,000,000onehundredmillion6six16sixteen60sixty1,000,000,000onebillion7seven17seventeen70seventy1,000,000,000,000onetrillion8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten1.基数词的写法或读法二、序数词表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如first,sixth,tenth,twenty-first等阿拉伯数字基数词序数词序数词缩写1onefirst1st2twosecond2nd3threethird3rd5fivefifth5th8eighteighth8th9nineninth9th12twelvetwelfth12th20twentytwentieth20th21twenty-onetwenty-first21st22twenty-twotwenty-second22nd23twenty-threetwenty-third23rd三、数词的运用数词下面几种用法1.表示事物的编号，用“名词+基数词”或“the+序数词+名词”。如：Room308308房thefifthfloor五楼2.表示年月日，“年”用基数词，“日”用序数词。如：1October,19491949年10月1日3.表示时间，用基数词。如：2∶10twoten3∶30threethirty/halfpastthree4.表示百分数，用基数词。如：80%eightypercent33%thirty-threepercent5.表示小数，用基数词。如：0.24(zero)pointtwofour10.75tenpointseventy-five6.表示电话号码，用基数词。如：83709295eightthreeseveno,ninetwoninefive7.表示年龄，用基数词。表示第几个生日，用序数词。如：Tomisfive(yearsold).汤姆五岁了。8.表示分数，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数。1/5onefifth2/5two-fifths数词几种常见考点(1)hundred,thousand,million,billion等前面有具体数字或several时，用单数形式，但表示不确切的数目时，用hundreds/thousands/millions/billionsof等。如：Therearefourhundredpupilsintheprimaryschool.Hundredsofpeoplegettogetheratthestation.(2)“数词+名词”构成的复合形容词，该名词用单数形式。如：aseven-dayholiday,an8-metre-longstick(3)表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。如：onethird(三分之一)，threefifths(五分之三)一、单项选择1.Thereare________studentsinourschool,butonly________ofthemaregirls.A.hundredsof;twohundred B.hundredof;twohundredsC.hundredsof;twohundreds D.hundredof;twohundred2.Ihave________classesinthemorning,andthe________classisChinese.A.fourth;third B.four;three C.third;fourth D.four;third3.Asthesayinggoes,“It’snevertoolatetolearn,”Mygrandpatookupwriting________theageof70andfinishedhisnovel________hiseighties.A.at,for B.by,at C.at,in D.by,for4.It’sOctober10th.Lucyis________yearsoldnow.Todayisher________birthday.A.twelve；twelfth B.twelfth；twelveC.twelve；twelve D.twelfth；twelfth5.About________oftheengineersintheITcompanyseemtobeintheir________.A.aquarter;forties B.thequarter;fortieth C.one-four;forties D.one-fourth;fortieth6.I’m14________.Andheisa________boy.A.yearold,15yearsoldB.year-old,15year-oldC.yearsold,15yearsoldD.yearsold,15-year-old7.About_______ofthebooksinourschoollibraryarewritteninChinese.A.four-fifth B.four-fifths C.fourth-fifths D.fourths-fifth8.Excuseme,Ihave________questionstoask.A.twomore B.moretwo C.another D.theothers9.—Whatclassareyouin?—I’min________.A.GradeSeven,ClassTwo B.gradeseven,classtwoC.ClassTwo,GradeSeven D.classtwo,gradeseven10.—Dr.Bethune(白求恩)helpedlotsofChinese________.Hewasagreatdoctor.—SopeopleinbothChinaandCanadastillrememberhimnow.A.inthe1930 B.in1930 C.inthe1930s D.inhis1930s11.Half-timeisa________periodforplayers________.A.ten-minute;torest B.ten-minute;restingC.tenminutes’;torest D.tenminutes’;resting12.—Howdoyousay“9:50”inEnglish?—It’s“________”.A.tenpastnine B.tentoten C.tentonineD.fiftypastnine 13.Helivesin________.A.room203 B.Room203 C.203rdroom D.Room203rd14.SchoolactivitiesarefuninDecember.Wehave_____ballgames,andthesoccergameison____dayofDecember.A.five;thesecond B.thefifth;thesecond C.five;two D.thefifth;two15.Theriveris________.A.100meterlong B.100-meter-long C.100meters’long D.100meterslong主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。【知识归纳】语法一致原则使用情况例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式Thegirlisfondofsinging.Toprotecttheenvironmentisourduty.Readinginthesunisbadforoureyes.表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式Thestudentsarehavingtheirmathclass.TheyhavebeentoQingdaotwice.and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式BothPeterandMikecomefromEngland.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses,shorts,trousers,jeans,shoes,clothes,gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式Jack’sglassesarebroken.Linda’sshoesareblackandblue.“anumberof+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式Anumberoftreeshavebeenplanted.Thenumberofthementeachersinourschoolismorethan120.不定代词another,eachone,either,neither,theother,somebody,someone,something,nobody,everybody,everyone,everything,nothing,anybody,anything,anyone,noone等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式Iseveryonehere?Somethingiswrongwithmycomputer.Icalledlastnight,butnobodywasin.主语后面跟with,alongwith,like,except,besides,aswellas,togetherwith,including,nolessthan,ratherthan,asmuchas等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致MeiMei,withherparents,oftengoestotheparkonSunday.Ateacher,togetherwithsomestudents,isstandingatthegate.主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“akind(sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式ThiskindofcarismadeinChina.Largequantitiesofwaterareneeded.“分数或百分数+名词”作主语或“alotof／lotsof,plentyof,mostof+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式Twothirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinished.MostofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.【特例清单】1.what从句作主语时，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式Whatweneedistime.我们需要的是时间。Whatsheneedsaregoodbooks.她需要的是一些好书。2.and连接并列主语，若前面有each,every,manya,no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotapresent.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。意义一致原则使用情况例句使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family,team,group,government,class,staff,public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.Hisfamilyarefondofwatchingsportsprograms.有些集合名词如people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news,means,works,physics,politics,maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式Thepolicearesearchingforthemurder.Physicsisreallydifficultforme“the+某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式Theyoungareenergetic.某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty(of),therest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数Halfoftheworkhasbeenfinished.Halfoftheworkershavefinishedtheirworkaheadoftime.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式Twopoundsisn’tsoheavy.Twomonthsisalongholiday.Tenyuanisenough.Tenminusfiveisfive.【特例清单】1.某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如theUnitedStates，theNetherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.美国是一个发达的国家。2.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数Noneofthemoneybelongstome.没有一分钱是属于我的。Noneofthestudentshas/havebeentoEgyptinourclass.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。3.“all/most/half/therestof+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致Mostofhermoneyisspentonclothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。HalfofthestudentswatchTVtwiceaweek.一半的学生一周看两次电视。三、就近原则使用情况例句由or,either…or…,nor,neither…nor…,whether…or…,not…but…,notonly…butalso…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致Neitheryounorheiswrong.Here/therebe句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.Thereisanorangeandtwoapplesontheplate.一、单项选择1.—Iamsothirsty.CanIhave_______todrink?—There_______applejuiceinthefridge.Doyouwantit?A.something;isalittle B.anything;aresomeC.anything;issome D.something;areafew2.LookatFrank’sbedroom.There________abed,adesk,achairandacomputerinit.A.have B.are C.has D.is3.________myfather________mymothercanplaytaiji.Theywilllearnitthissummer.A.Both,and B.Notonly,butalso C.Neither,nor D.Either,or4.________Mrs.Wu________Dr.Mashowsgreatinterestinthebookwearetalkingabout.Theywanttoknowmoreaboutit.A.Both;and B.Either;or C.Notonly;butalso D./;and5.—Pleaseremember:________success________failureisyourfinalresult.It’sonlyanewbeginningofyourlifejourney.—OK,I’lltrymybesttodoitwell.A.either...or B.neither...nor C.both...and D.notonly...butalso6.—Hereissome________.Wouldyouliketohavesome?—Yes,please.A.bread B.hamburgers C.strawberries D.apples7.Nonews________goodnews.A.am B.are C.is D.be8.Ihavesomemoney,andIthink29yuan________enough.A.be B.are C.is D.am9.—Sir,howmanybananasdoyouneed?—Threepounds________OK.A.are B.were C.is D.was10.ThepopulationofChina______over1.3billionnow.Anditisbecominglargerandlarger.A.is B.are C.was D.were11.Thepolice________makingnotesontheman________hisneighbour.A.is;murdering B.are;murdering C.is;murdered D.are;murdered12.Myfamily________fordinnernow.We’rebusy.A.iscooking B.arecooking C.cooks D.cook13.—Thehomeless________sopoorthattheyhavenowheretolive.—Exactly,buttoourjoy,thelocalgovernmentcan________themwithspecialplacestostay.A.is;offer B.are;give C.are;provide D.is;afford14.Theold________thecoldmorethantheyoung.A.feels B.feel C.isfeeling D.arefeeling15.—Howmanystudentsareintheclassroom?—______them______forty.A.Thenumberof;are B.Anumberof;areC.Thenumberof;is D.Anumberof;is16.Thenumberofteachersinourschool________smallandalargenumberofthem________womenteachers.A.are;is B.are;are C.is;areD.is,is17.Everyone________tohaveatleasteight________sleepatnight.A.needs;hour’s B.need;hours’ C.needed;hour’s D.needs;hours’18.Doingsports________oneofthebestways________yourphysicalhealth.A.are,improving B.is,toimprove C.are,improves D.is,improve19.Therearetworoads,andeither________tothestation.A.isleading B.areleadingC.lead D.leads20.Playingthepiano________Jack________good.A.make;feel B.makes;feels C.makes;feel D.make;feels21.Whensomething_______you,youneedn’t_______itallthetime.A.worries;worry B.worry;worryaboutC.worries;worryabout D.worriesabout;worry22.—Doesthisrabbit________abigear?—No,itdoesn’t.Butit________abignose.A.has;has B.