2022-2023学年山东省菏泽市高二下学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高中英语名校试卷PAGEPAGE5山东省菏泽市2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AYou’veprobablytriedeasycenter-cityBeijingridesifyouenjoyriding.Nowit’stimetolevelupyourrides,sotheywilltakeyououtintothecountrysideandattractivemountains.DeathValleyApproximatedistance:100kmloop(环线)Itmaysoundterrifying,butBeijing’scyclistsnamedthisnorthernroute“DeathValley”onaccountofthehugetombitpasses,notthenumberofon-roadaccidentsithaswitnessed.Inreality,it’stheclosest,mostlycar-freelooptothecitycenter.Tuesday/ThursdayTTTApproximatedistance:54kmloopThisTeamTimeTrialisverypopularamongtheBeijingcyclingcommunityasanearlymorningridebeforework.Whileit’snotparticularlyscenic,therearefewtrafficlights,andtheroadsarenottoobusyandhaveadequatebikelanesoneachside,makingitarelativelytrouble-freeride.Ifyou’dliketoridewithagroup,seekoutearlymorningBeijingridergroupsandjointhemonTuesdayorThursdaymorningsat5amor6amdependingontheseason.TheVerseApproximatedistance:120kmloopItpassesacafewithgood(althoughexpensive)foodandevenhigh-endaccommodation,butthebestpartistheirsuperwelcomingattitudetowardscyclists.It’sabitofhiketogettherebutwellworththeeffort,asyouarerewardedwithamazingviewsoftheGreatWalluponarrival,andaridebackthatismostlydownhill.TongzhouGrandCanalForestParkApproximatedistance:70kmloopThisparkistheclosestplaceforriderstoenjoytheGrandCanalinBeijing.TheTongzhouGrandCanalisatruewonderinChina,andoneofthegreatestcivilengineeringprojectsinhistory.TheoldestpartsofitdatebackhundredsofyearsBC.Itwillbeafunridehere.1.Whyisthenorthernroutenamed“DeathValley”?A.Ithasdeadlyloopsforcars.B.Itislocatedinadistantplace.C.Thereisalargetombontheroute.D.Manyaccidentshavehappenedalongtheroad.2.Whichofthefollowingcoverstheshortestdistance?A.DeathValley. B.Tuesday/ThursdayTTT.C.TheVerse D.TongzhouGrandCanalForestPark3.Whatdothelasttworouteshaveincommon?A.Theybothofferadownhillride. B.Theybothhaveadequatebikelanes.C.Theybothpassasecond-to-nonecafe. D.Theybothofferaviewofhistoricalsites.〖答案〗1.C2.B3.D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是几条可以带你进入乡村和迷人山区的骑行路线。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据DeathValley部分的“Itmaysoundterrifying,butBeijing’scyclistsnamedthisnorthernroute“DeathValley”onaccountofthehugetombitpasses,notthenumberofon-roadaccidentsithaswitnessed.(这听起来可能很可怕，但北京的骑行者将这条北线命名为“死亡谷”，是因为它经过的巨大坟墓，而不是它目睹的交通事故数量。)”可知，之所以这样命名是因为这条路线会经过巨大的坟墓。故选C项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据DeathValley部分中的“Approximatedistance:100kmloop(环线)(大约距离：100公里环线)”；Tuesday/ThursdayTTT部分中的“Approximatedistance:54kmloop(大约距离：54公里环线)”；TheVerse部分中的“Approximatedistance:120kmloop(大约距离：120km环线)”以及TongzhouGrandCanalForestPark部分中的“Approximatedistance:70kmloop(大约距离：70公里环路)”可知，路线最短的应该是Tuesday/ThursdayTTT，其只有54公里环路。故选B项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据TheVerse部分中的“It’sabitofhiketogettherebutwellworththeeffort,asyouarerewardedwithamazingviewsoftheGreatWalluponarrival,andaridebackthatismostlydownhill.(到达那里需要一点徒步旅行，但非常值得付出努力，因为您在抵达时可以欣赏到长城的壮丽景色，并且大部分是下坡的车程。)”可以见到长城壮丽的景象，根据TongzhouGrandCanalForestPark部分中的“ThisparkistheclosestplaceforriderstoenjoytheGrandCanalinBeijing.TheTongzhouGrandCanalisatruewonderinChina,andoneofthegreatestcivilengineeringprojectsinhistory.(这个公园是北京骑手最接近游览大运河的地方。通州大运河是中国真正的奇迹，也是历史上最伟大的土木工程之一。)”可知，这条线路可以看到大运河，由此可知，这两条路线都可以看到历史遗迹。故选D项。BWindpowerisapowerfultoolforreducingcarbonemissionsthatcauseclimatechange.Theturbines(涡轮机),however,canbeathreattobirds,whichiswhyexpertsarelookingforwaystopreventthedanger.AcompanyinBoulder,Coloradohasproducedacamera-and-AI-basedtechnologythatcanrecognizeeaglesandotherbirdsastheyapproachinenoughtimetoshutoffturbinesintheirflightpaths.Theirtool,calledIdentiFlight,candetect5.62timesmorebirdflightsthanhumanobserversalone,withanaccuracyrateof94percent.Usinghigh-precision(高精确度的)visualsensors,thesystemcalculatesabird’sspeedandflightpath,andifitisonacrashpathwithaturbine,asignalissenttoshutthatturbinedown.WinninganawardforitsperformanceinAustralia,thetrackingsystemwassetupin2018andwasfoundtocuteagledeathsattheCattleHillWindFarmbymorethanfour-fifths.Eachdaysignalshaveshutdowntheirmovementsanaverageof400times—acrossthefieldof48turbines—for2to3minuteseachtime.Acrosstheglobe,DukeEnergyinWyomingisemployingthesametechnologywithimpressiveresultsatitsTopoftheWorldWindpowerProject,whichwasthefirstwindsitetousethetechnology.In2014,IdentiFlight’smaker,BoulderImaging,usedTopoftheWorldfortestingaftereagleswerekilledbytheturbines,whichleftDukeEnergyinviolation(违反)oftheMigratoryBirdTreatyAct.47unitsmadeofeightwide-anglecamerasnowconstantlypasscrosstheskytomonitorall110turbines.BirdloverGarryGeorgeadmits,“Ourownscienceshowsthatclimatechangeisbyfarthebiggestthreattobirdsandtheplaceswildlifeneedtosurvive.IdentiFlightwillmakeitpossibletofighttheworsteffectsofclimatechangeandprotectthebirdsweloveintheprocess.”4.WhatcanIdentiFlightdo?A.Stoptheturbineswhenbirdsarespotted.B.Preventbirdsfromchoosingacrashpath.C.Identifypotentialthreatstowindturbines.D.Lettheturbinesmakefulluseofwindpower.5.Whatdoesthedatainparagraph3showaboutIdentiFlight?A.Itiswidelyused. B.Itreceivedawarmwelcome.C.Itisveryeffective. D.Ithasareallylongservicelife.6.WhydidDukeEnergyworkwithBoulderImagingin2014?A.Itbroketherelevantlawonbirdprotection.B.ItrespondedtothecallofBoulderImaging.C.Itintendedtoimproveitswide-anglecameras.D.ItfollowedintheCattleHillWindFarm’sfootsteps.7.WhatisGarryGeorge’sattitudetoIdentiFlight?A.Reserved. B.Approving.C.Uncertain. D.Unconcerned.〖答案〗4.A5.C6.A7.B【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种基于摄像头和人工智能的技术，可以识别老鹰和其他鸟类，以减少风力发电的涡轮机对它们造成的威胁。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Usinghigh-precision(高精确度的)visualsensors,thesystemcalculatesabird’sspeedandflightpath,andifitisonacrashpathwithaturbine,asignalissenttoshutthatturbinedown.”（该系统使用高精度视觉传感器，计算出鸟的速度和飞行路线，如果它与涡轮机处于碰撞路径上，就会发送信号关闭涡轮机）可知，IdentiFlight能够在发现鸟时，停止涡轮机的运作。故选A。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“WinninganawardforitsperformanceinAustralia,thetrackingsystemwassetupin2018andwasfoundtocuteagledeathsattheCattleHillWindFarmbymorethanfour-fifths.”（该跟踪系统于2018年建立，在澳大利亚因其表现而获奖，并被发现将CattleHillWindFarm的鹰死亡人数减少了五分之四以上）和“Eachdaysignalshaveshutdowntheirmovementsanaverageof400times—acrossthefieldof48turbines—for2to3minuteseachtime.”（每天，信号在48台涡轮机中平均关闭400次，每次关闭2到3分钟）可知，通过这些具体的数据，人们可以看到IdentiFlight系统非常有效地减少了涡轮机对鸟类的威胁和伤害。故选C。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“In2014,IdentiFlight’smaker,BoulderImaging,usedTopoftheWorldfortestingaftereagleswerekilledbytheturbines,whichleftDukeEnergyinviolation(违反)oftheMigratoryBirdTreatyAct.”（2014年，IdentiFlight的制造商BoulderImaging利用TopoftheWorld在老鹰被涡轮机杀死后进行了测试，这使得DukeEnergy违反了《候鸟条约法案》）可知，DukeEnergy和BoulderImaging在2014年合作是因为DukeEnergy违反了《候鸟条约法案》。故选A。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段GarryGeorge所说的话中“IdentiFlightwillmakeitpossibletofighttheworsteffectsofclimatechangeandprotectthebirdsweloveintheprocess.”（IdentiFlight将使对抗气候变化的最坏影响成为可能，并在此过程中保护我们喜爱的鸟类）可知，他对IdentiFlight是持支持态度的。故选B。CTheoceansustainsalllifeonourplanet.Itprovidesfoodtoeatandoxygentobreathe,whileplayingakeyroleinmakingourclimatelessextreme.Buttheoceanisbecomingconsiderablywarmer,affectingitsabilitytosustainlife.ThehightemperaturesseenaroundtheMediterraneanthisyearareindicativeofrisingglobaltemperatures.ResearchfoundtheseatemperaturesrecordedintheMediterraneanovertheperiod2015-2019werethehighestsincetherecordingbeganin1982.Muchoftheresearchonoceanheatwavesfindsthattheyaffectcertainhabitatsparticularlystrongly,includingcoralreefs,seagrassandseaweed.Oceanheatwaveswerefoundtoberesponsibleforthelossofupto80%ofthepopulationofsomeMediterraneanspeciesbetween2015and2019.Amassdeatheventisasingle,terribleincidentthatrapidlydestroyslargenumbersofaspecies.Overtwo-thirdsofthedeathsofoceancreaturesoccurringonthehardseafloorwereinthewaterswithadepthofonly0-25meters,whicharesubjecttoparticularlyintensewarmingandarehometosomeofthemostbiodiverseecosystemsintheMediterranean.Foundationspeciesarecriticalinstructuringanecosystem.Theyactasnurserygrounds,provideprotectionagainstenemies,andserveasafoodsource.Foundationspeciesarethekeytosustainingbiodiversity,andtheirlosswillhaveimpactsonotherspecies.Asfoundationspecies,thelossofcorals,seagrassandseaweedisparticularlyconcerning.Additionally,oceanheatwavesoftenresultindisplacement(被迫迁徙).EvidencesuggeststhattheexceptionaltemperaturesseenacrosstheMediterraneanthissummermaybedrivingextensivemassdisplacement.InGreece,scientistshaveobservedahugeincreaseofinvasive(入侵的)speciesfromwarmerwaters.Thisincludesthelionfishandsilver-cheekedtoadfish,bothofwhicharepoisonous,andcarrythepotentialtocauseconsiderableecologicaldamage.Withinsomebranchesofthescientificcommunity,therecentintensityandfrequencyofoceanheatwavessuggestswehavearrivedata“climateendgame”.Thisinvolvespreparationforthefullconsequencesofwidespreadoceanspeciesdeath,ifemissionsarenotcontrolled.ThelikelydamagingMediterraneanoceanheatwavesofthisyearwillonlyaddfueltosuchdiscussions.8.WhatcanweinferabouttheMediterranean?A.Itsworseningabilitytosustainlifeisstillbeingignored.B.Itshightemperaturesarecausingdamagetohumanlife.C.Itsoceanlifeisincreasinglythreatenedbyclimatechange.D.Itssurroundingsareworseningmuchfasterthanexpected.9.Wheredothedeathsofoceanlifetendtohappen?A.Onthehardseafloorofbroadwaters. B.Onthehardseafloorofdeepwaters.C.Onthehardseafloorofshallowwaters. D.Onthehardseafloorofcoldwaters.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthedisplacementofoceanlife?A.Itisdamagingtheoceanecosystem. B.Itisresponsibleforglobaltemperatures.C.Itiseasilyinfluencedbyclimatechange. D.Itisagoodwaytomaintaintheecology.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThecausesofoceanheatwavesaroundtheMediterranean.B.ThemainnaturalthreatstooceanlifeintheMediterranean.C.TheadviceondealingwithMediterraneanoceanheatwaves.D.TheimpactsofoceanheatwavesonlifeintheMediterranean.〖答案〗8.C9.C10.A11.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出海洋对地球生态系统无比重要，但一项对地中海温度的研究记录显示近年来海洋温度显著升高，这将会对生态系统产生极大影响。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Oceanheatwaveswerefoundtoberesponsibleforthelossofupto80%ofthepopulationofsomeMediterraneanspeciesbetween2015and2019.(人们发现2015到2019年间海洋暖流导致了至多80%某些地中海物种数量的消失)”可知，气候变化、海水变暖（气候变化）给地中海生物种群造成了日益严重的威胁，与C选项描述相符。故选C项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Overtwo-thirdsofthedeathsofoceancreaturesoccurringonthehardseafloorwereinthewaterswithadepthofonly0-25meters,whicharesubjecttoparticularlyintensewarmingandarehometosomeofthemostbiodiverseecosystemsintheMediterranean.(发生在硬海底上超过三分之二的海洋生物死亡都仅位于0到25米的深度，这些区域受到海水显著变暖的影响，而且是地中海最具生物多样性的生态系统所在之处)”可知，海洋生物死亡主要发生在硬海底上的浅水区域。故选C项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thisincludesthelionfishandsilver-cheekedtoadfish,bothofwhicharepoisonous,andcarrythepotentialtocauseconsiderableecologicaldamage.(这包括狮子鱼和棕斑兔头鲀，两者都是有毒的，且有可能造成严重的生态破坏)”可知，海水变暖导致的物种迁徙可能会造成对海洋生态系统的破坏。故选A项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。总览全文，文章在首段指出海洋对地球生态的重要性，并引入研究记录表明地中海温度显著上升，然后从多方面阐述了海水变暖会造成的严重后果，D选项“地中海热浪对生物的影响”符合文章主旨。故选D项。DArtistDavidBowiemayhavesung“IstherelifeonMars?”in1971butthedreamoffindingorplacinglivingcreaturesontheredplanetisstillalive.Oxygen,ofcourse,iscritical.Thankstoalargeleapinscientifictechnology,thereisnowamachinewhichcanproduceoxygenincertainenvironment,anditisagiantstepofMarsexploration.ScientistsarethrilledbecausetheMarsOxygenISRUExperiment(MOXIE)willhopefullymakeastronautssurviveonMars.NASA’SPerseveranceMarsRoverisamachineofmanywonders.Attachedtotheexploringrobotisaparticularlyinnovativedevice,MOXIE.Whenstarted,thedevicetakesseveralhourstowarmup.Itthenbeginsfiltering(过滤)andpressuringairpulledfromMars’atmosphere.Theairthenundergoesanhour-longbreakdownprocessinthepartofthemachineknownastheSolidOxideElectrolyzer(SOXE).Itbreaksairmolecules(分子)intocarbonmonoxide(一氧化碳)andoxygen.Thecollectedoxygenis,ofcourse,thebreathableelementweareallfamiliarwithhereonEarth.MOXIEproduces0.2ouncesofoxygenperhour—aboutasmuchasasmalltreedoesthroughphotosynthesis(光合作用).TestingMOXIE’Sperformanceunderdifferentconditionsisacriticalresearch.“TheproductivityofMOXIEisunstable,”theinvestigatorJeffreyHoffman,fromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,saysinastatement.“TheatmosphereofMarsisfarmorechangeablethanEarth.ThedensityoftheaironMarscanvarybyafactorortwothroughtheyear,andthetemperaturecanvaryby100degrees.Oneobjectiveistoshowwecanruninallseasons.”Theteamhastesteditinfall,winter,andvarioustimesofday.Theyhopetoconfirmitalsoworksinspring,aswellasatdawnandduskwhenMars’temperatureschangerapidly.DemonstrationsofMOXIE’SsuccessofferhopethatmissionstoMarswillbemorepracticablethanpreviouslythought.“TosupportahumanmissiontoMars,wehavetobringalotofstufffromEarth,likecomputersspacesuitsandhabitats.”Hoffmansays.“Butoxygen?Ifyoucanmakeitthere,goforityou’rewayaheadofthegame.”Scientistshopeascaled-upmodelcouldarrivebeforeastronautsandbeginpreparingahabitableamountofoxygenforateamofsixastronautsarrivingmonthslater.Thekeyishowtheearlier-arrivedMOXIEworkswithouthumans.12.Whyarescientistsexcited?A.MOXIEhelpsprepareforhumanMarsexploration.B.MOXIEhelpsconfirmtheexistenceoflifeonMars.C.MOXIEisexpectedtoturnMarsintoanotherEarth.D.MOXIEisthefirstdemonstrationoftechnologyonMars.13.WhatisthefunctionofSOXE?A.TogiveoffoxygenintoMars’atmosphere. B.Toremoveoxygenfromairmolecules.C.TofilterairfromMars’atmosphere. D.TowarmupMOXIE.14.WhatisJeffreyHoffman’sworryaboutMOXIE?A.Itsmethodoftransportation. B.Itsconsumptionofenergy.C.Itstestresult. D.ItsadaptationtoMars’atmosphere.15.WhatisthenextstepforMOXIE?A.HowtolandMOXIEonmars. B.HowtomakeMOXIEautomatic.C.HowtomatchequipmentwithMOXIE. D.HowtoincreasetheproductionofMOXIE.〖答案〗12.A13.B14.D15.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于科学技术的巨大飞跃，如今一种可以在特定环境中生产氧气的机器MOXIE有望使宇航员在火星上生存。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“ScientistsarethrilledbecausetheMarsOxygenISRUExperiment(MOXIE)willhopefullymakeastronautssurviveonMars.”（科学家们非常激动，因为火星氧气ISRU实验（MOXIE）有望使宇航员在火星上生存。）可知，MOXIE有助于为人类火星探测做准备。故选A项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theairthenundergoesanhour-longbreakdownprocessinthepartofthemachineknownastheSolidOxideElectrolyzer(SOXE).Itbreaksairmolecules(分子)intocarbonmonoxide(一氧化碳)andoxygen.”（然后，空气在被称为固体氧化物电解槽（SOXE）的机器部件中经历长达一个小时的分解过程。它破坏空气分子转化为一氧化碳和氧气。）可知，SOXE的功能是去除空气分子中的氧气。故选B项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theteamhastesteditinfall,winter,andvarioustimesofday.Theyhopetoconfirmitalsoworksinspring,aswellasatdawnandduskwhenMars’temperatureschangerapidly.”（该团队已经在秋季、冬季和一天中的不同时间对其进行了测试。他们希望证实它在春季以及火星温度快速变化的黎明和黄昏也能起作用。）可推知，杰弗里·霍夫曼担心的是MOXIE对火星大气的适应性。故选D项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Thekeyishowtheearlier-arrivedMOXIEworkswithouthumans.”（关键是早期到达的MOXIE在没有人类的情况下是如何工作的。）可知，MOXIE的下一步是如何使它在没有人的情况下自动工作，推断出科学家希望MOXIE可以达到自动化。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Let’staketimetothinkaboutsocialmediaweuse.Thevastamountofinformationonithasitspositives.____16____Butthere’salwayscertaincontentonitthathastobeconsideredcarefully,suchaspostsaboutdietcultureorparenting.Awidevarietyofconflictingopinionsandharmfulbehaviorsthatgetpassedonasfactsdoharmtounknowingusers.____17____Theproblemwithmuchcontentaboutmentalillnessesisthatitquicklybecomesanumbersgametogainahugefollowingonsocialmediaplatforms.Thesekindsofaccountsarerisinginpopularity.____18____Thisratracedirectlyleadstothepromotionofunreliableandmisleadinginformationandcontentwherecreatorsexaggerate(夸大)theirownexperiencestomakeitappearasiftheyhaveamentalillnesssotheycanreceivemoreviews.____19____Moreover,thisstartsawaveofunsuspectingcontentviewersincorrectlylabelingthemselvesasfacingmentalhealthissues.____20____Oneistobettereducateoneselfbeforejumpingtoanyconclusionsortakinganyactionbasedonill-informedadvice.Inthatway,peoplecanreallyreflectonwhethertheydevelopthesesymptoms(症状)becausetheyseethemonline,orwhetherthesesymptomshavealwaysbeenpartoftheirdailylife.Informationfromprofessionalsshouldbeseenfirst.Together,smartlyconsumingmediaandresponsiblycreatingcontentcanpreventmisinformationfromspreadingthroughouttheplatform.A.Manypeopledisapproveofit.B.Possiblesolutionsaresuggested.C.Otherusersarequicktoproducesimilarcontent.D.Thesamepatternpresentsitselftomentalillnesses.E.Thosesymptomssoundlikethingsyouexperienceeveryday.F.Somepeoplecanfindencouragementwhenengagingintheirpersonalstruggles.G.Thistakesattentionawayfromthosewhogenuinelyspreadawarenessaboutmentalhealth.〖答案〗16.F17.D18.C19.G20.B【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了社交媒体上关于精神疾病的各种矛盾的观点、错误的行为被当作事实广泛传播，夸大事实的账户受人追捧，提供真实信息的账户得不到关注，不知情的用户受到了伤害，而解决这一问题需要用户更好地教育自己，不盲目下结论或采取行动。【16题详析】根据前文“Thevastamountofinformationonithasitspositives.（它的大量信息有其积极的一面。）”和后文“Butthere’salwayscertaincontentonitthathastobeconsideredcarefully,suchaspostsaboutdietcultureorparenting.（但总有一些内容需要仔细考虑，比如关于饮食文化或育儿的帖子。）”可知，本段在讨论社交媒体的利弊，空处需要承接前文，说明积极的一面，和后文形成语义的转折。F项“有些人可以在个人挣扎中找到鼓励。”符合语境。故选F。【17题详析】根据前文“Butthere’salwayscertaincontentonitthathastobeconsideredcarefully,suchaspostsaboutdietcultureorparenting.Awidevarietyofconflictingopinionsandharmfulbehaviorsthatgetpassedonasfactsdoharmtounknowingusers.（但总有一些内容需要仔细考虑，比如关于饮食文化或育儿的帖子。各种各样相互矛盾的观点和有害的行为被当作事实传播，对不知情的用户造成了伤害。）”可知，本段后半部分主要讨论社交媒体的弊端，针对饮食文化和育儿方面的信息传播提出了质疑，空处会进一步延伸前文的内容。D项“同样的模式也出现在精神疾病上。”符合语境，其中的“Thesamepattern”概括了前文的“Awidevarietyofconflictingopinionsandharmfulbehaviorsthatgetpassedonasfacts”。故选D。【18题详析】根据前文“Theproblemwithmuchcontentaboutmentalillnessesisthatitquicklybecomesanumbersgametogainahugefollowingonsocialmediaplatforms.Thesekindsofaccountsarerisinginpopularity.（很多关于精神疾病的内容的问题在于，它很快就变成了一场数字游戏，目的是在社交媒体平台上获得大量粉丝。这类账户越来越受欢迎。）”可知，本段讨论精神疾病方面信息传播很广泛，空处会延伸说明这种广泛的特质。C项“其他用户很快就会产生类似的内容。”符合语境。故选C。【19题详析】根据前文“Thisratracedirectlyleadstothepromotionofunreliableandmisleadinginformationandcontentwherecreatorsexaggerate(夸大)theirownexperiencestomakeitappearasiftheyhaveamentalillnesssotheycanreceivemoreviews.（这种激烈的竞争直接导致了不可靠和误导性的信息和内容的推广，创作者夸大自己的经历，使其看起来好像他们有精神疾病，这样他们就可以获得更多的观看量。）”可知，本段在陈述这种不可靠的信息传播的结果，夸大者会收获更多的注意，空处可能会说明如实传播的人的情况。G项“这将注意力从那些真正传播心理健康意识的人身上转移开。”符合语境，其中的“genuinely”和前文的“exaggerate”相对。故选G。【20题详析】根据后文“Oneistobettereducateoneselfbeforejumpingtoanyconclusionsortakinganyactionbasedonill-informedadvice.（一种是在根据不了解情况的建议做出任何结论或采取任何行动之前，更好地教育自己。）”可知，本段提出了解决上述问题的方法，空处需概括本段的内容。B项“可能的解决方案被提出。”符合语境，呼应后文具体的解决方法。故选B。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whenmysoncamehomewithabackpackfilledwithcertificates(证书)acknowledginghisgeniusinmath,English,history,science,andtherestofhiseighthgradeclasses,Iwas____21____,untilanotherparent,whosesonattendedthesameschool,toldme,“Allthekids____22____them.”Mysonisbright.However,Iknewhewasn’tgoodenoughto____23____certificatesfromeveryclassbecausehedidn’tworkveryhard.Isharedthat____24____withtheschool,andthey____25____ofmycomments.Theprincipalbelieveditwas____26____topraiseeverystudent.Hesaidkidsfearfailure—iftheygetpoorgrades,they’ll____27____learning.Idonotagreewith____28____studentswhohavenotworkedhardordonesomethingtosucceed.Studentsgenerallyknowwhentheyhavenotearnedanaward;____29____,therewardbecomesmeaningless.Ifwedonotbelieveachildcan______30______something,whichisthemessagethatissentwhenarewardnottruly______31______isgiven,thentheywillbelievethesame.______32______,noprideorself-respectisgainedfromit.Meanwhile,when______33______arelow,orevennonexistent,studentsarenotgiventheopportunitytolearnandgrow.Givingchildrenopportunitiestosucceed,with______34______ifnecessary,isoneofthegreatestgiftswecangiveourchildren.Forwhentheydosucceedbyworkinghard,wegivethema______35______senseofselfandthey’llrealizethey’remorecapablethantheythought.21.A.proud B.curious C.confused D.skeptical22.A.know B.like C.accept D.get23.A.issue B.receive C.seek D.require24.A.certificate B.lesson C.opinion D.finding25.A.disapproved B.talked C.knew D.complained26.A.harmful B.beneficial C.impossible D.difficult27.A.endup B.keepup C.speedup D.giveup28.A.helping B.reminding C.rewarding D.punishing29.A.therefore B.however C.instead D.otherwise30.A.discover B.tolerate C.complete D.overcome31.A.offered B.earned C.needed D.desired32.A.Onthecontrary B.Asaresult C.Bytheway D.Inotherwords33.A.risks B.pressures C.grades D.expectations34.A.support B.belief C.sympathy D.interest35.A.consistent B.negative C.positive D.realistic〖答案〗21.A22.D23.B24.C25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.C31.B32.B33.D34.A35.C【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述的是作者的儿子得到学校的很多奖励证书，但作者认为这些奖励来的太容易，不利于孩子的成长与发展。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我的儿子带着满满一书包的证书回家时，我感到很自豪，因为他在数学、英语、历史、科学和其他八年级课程上都很有天赋，直到另一位儿子在同一所学校上学的家长告诉我：“所有的孩子都有这些证书。”A.proud骄傲的；B.curious好奇的；C.confused迷惑的；D.skeptical怀疑的。根据上文中的“Whenmysoncamehomewithabackpackfilledwithcertificates(证书)acknowledginghisgeniusinmath,English,history,science,andtherestofhiseighthgradeclasses”可知，作者看到这些证书应该是感到“自豪”。故选A项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的儿子带着满满一书包的证书回家时，我感到很自豪，因为他在数学、英语、历史、科学和其他八年级课程上都很有天赋，直到另一位儿子在同一所学校上学的家长告诉我：“所有的孩子都有这些证书。”A.know知道；B.like喜欢；C.accept接受；D.get得到。根据下文中的“Hesaidkidsfearfailure—iftheygetpoorgrades,they’ll________learning.”可知，学校为了鼓励学生，每个孩子都“得奖”。故选D项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，我知道他不够好，不能拿到每个等级的证书，因为他不是很努力。A.issue发布；B.receive接收；得到；C.seek寻找；D.require要求。根据下文中的“becausehedidn’tworkveryhard”可知，作者认为自己的儿子不努力，不“应该”得到奖励。故选B项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把这个观点告诉了学校，他们不同意我的观点。A.certificate证书；B.lesson课程；C.opinion观点；D.finding发现。根据上文中的“However,Iknewhewasn’tgoodenoughto________certificatesfromeveryclassbecausehedidn’tworkveryhard.”可知，作者把这一“观点”告诉学校。故选C项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把这个观点告诉了学校，他们不同意我的观点。A.disapproved不赞成；B.talked讨论；C.knew知道；D.complained抱怨。根据下文中的“Hesaidkidsfearfailure—iftheygetpoorgrades,they’ll________learning.”可知，学校的观点与作者不同，所以此处是“不赞成”作者的观点。故选A项。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：校长认为表扬每一个学生是有益的。A.harmful有害的；B.beneficial有益的；C.impossible不可能的；D.difficult困难的。根据下文中的“topraiseeverystudent”和上文提到学校不赞成作者的观点可知，校长认为多鼓励和表扬对孩子是“有益的”。故选B项。【27题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他说孩子们害怕失败——如果他们的成绩不好，他们就会放弃学习。A.endup结束；B.keepup维持；C.speedup加速；D.giveup放弃。根据上文中的“Hesaidkidsfearfailure”可知，孩子们害怕失败，所以成绩不好就会“放弃”学习。故选D项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不同意奖励那些没有努力学习或没有为成功做过什么事情的学生。A.helping帮助；B.reminding提醒；C.rewarding奖励；D.punishing惩罚。根据下文中的“therewardbecomesmeaningless.”可知，作者对于“奖励”没有努力的孩子是不赞成的。故选C项。【29题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，奖励变得毫无意义。A.therefore因此；B.however然而；C.instead然而；D.otherwise否则。根据上文中的“Studentsgenerallyknowwhentheyhavenotearnedanaward”与下文中的“therewardbecomesmeaningless.”句意可知，两者之间为因果关系。故选A项。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们认为一个孩子不能够完成某件事，这是当我们给予一个没有真正获得的奖励时所传递的信息，那么他们也会相信同样的事情。A.discover发现；B.tolerate忍受；C.complete完成；D.overcome克服。根据语境可知，作者认为，一个孩子无法靠自己赢得奖励，而我们却给他奖励时，让孩子只会认为自己真的无法“完成”某件事。故选C项。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们认为一个孩子不能够完成某件事，这是当我们给予一个没有真正获得的奖励时所传递的信息，那么他们也会相信同样的事情。A.offered提供；B.earned挣得；C.needed需要；D.desired渴望。根据上文中的“Studentsgenerallyknowwhentheyhavenotearnedanaward”可知，此处指的是奖励没有被真正地“赢得”。故选B项。【32题详析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，没有骄傲或自尊从中获得。A.Onthecontrary相反；B.Asaresult因此；C.Bytheway顺便说一下；D.Inotherwords换句话说。根据下文中的“noprideorself-respectisgainedfromit.”与上文讲述的内容可知，此处应表示“因果”关系。故选B项。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，当期望很低，甚至不存在时，学生就没有机会学习和成长。A.risks风险；B.pressures压力；C.grades成绩；D.expectations期望。根据上文中的“noprideorself-respectisgainedfromit.”以及语境可知，此处指的是孩子们的“期望”很低，或者没有期望。故选D项。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：给孩子成功的机会，必要时给予支持，是我们能给孩子最好的礼物之一。A.support支持；B.belief信念；C.sympathy同情；D.interest兴趣。根据上文中的“Givingchildrenopportunitiestosucceed”以及下文中的“ifnecessary”可知，此处指的是给孩子成功的机会，必要的话，给孩子们“支持”。故选A项。【35题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为当他们通过努力获得成功时，我们会给他们一种积极的自我意识，他们会意识到自己比他们想象的更有能力。A.consistent一致的；B.negative消极的；C.positive积极的；D.realistic现实的。根据上文中的“noprideorself-respectisgainedfromit”以及下文中的“andthey’llrealizethey’remorecapablethantheythought.”可知，此处指的是只有真正通过努力获得成功，孩子们才能获得“积极的”自我体验。故选C项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。LookingatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies____36____(be)perhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternart.TheMiddleAges(fromthe5thtothe15thcentury)DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.Paintingshadreligious____37____(theme).Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcentury,____38____paintingsshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.TheRenaissance(fromthe14thtothe17thcentury)Duringthisperiod,paintersbegantoadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.____39____importantbreakthroughwastheuseofperspectivebyMasaccio.Some____40____(influence)paintersbuiltonGiottoandMasaccio’sinnovationstoproducesomeofthegreatestartthatEuropehad